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Linux 开发环境搭建

时间:2015-11-17 18:47:58      阅读:365      评论:0      收藏:0      [点我收藏+]

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  本文多参考自网上资料,在此多谢这些资料的作者的辛勤劳动!

  另外,本文所用 Linux 版本为 CentOS 7.1。

终端配置

安装及配置 Zsh

  在默认情况下,Linux 下的终端是 bash,但其跟 zsh 相比起来还是有点差距。博文使用 zsh 的九个理由就讲了九个使用 zsh 的理由。

  安装 zsh,直接利用 yum 即可:

sudo yum install zsh

  然后可以直接用 oh-my-zsh 来配置 zsh:

sh -c "$(wget https://raw.github.com/robbyrussell/oh-my-zsh/master/tools/install.sh -O -)"

或者用 curl:

sh -c "$(curl -fsSL https://raw.github.com/robbyrussell/oh-my-zsh/master/tools/install.sh)"

  接下来可以编辑一下 ~/.zshrc 来修改 zsh 颜色主题及安装插件。个人的该文件为:

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# Path to your oh-my-zsh installation.
  export ZSH=/home/xiehongfeng100/.oh-my-zsh

# Set name of the theme to load.
# Look in ~/.oh-my-zsh/themes/
# Themes Link: https://github.com/robbyrussell/oh-my-zsh/wiki/themes
# Extra Themes Link: https://github.com/robbyrussell/oh-my-zsh/wiki/External-themes
# Optionally, if you set this to "random", itll load a random theme each
# time that oh-my-zsh is loaded.
# ZSH_THEME="robbyrussell"
# ZSH_THEME="agnoster"
# ZSH_THEME="gentoo"
# ZSH_THEME="dogenpunk"
# ZSH_THEME="bureau"
# ZSH_THEME="avit"
# ZSH_THEME="af-magic"
ZSH_THEME="bira"

# Uncomment the following line to use case-sensitive completion.
# CASE_SENSITIVE="true"

# Uncomment the following line to use hyphen-insensitive completion. Case
# sensitive completion must be off. _ and - will be interchangeable.
# HYPHEN_INSENSITIVE="true"

# Uncomment the following line to disable bi-weekly auto-update checks.
# DISABLE_AUTO_UPDATE="true"

# Uncomment the following line to change how often to auto-update (in days).
# export UPDATE_ZSH_DAYS=13

# Uncomment the following line to disable colors in ls.
# DISABLE_LS_COLORS="true"

# Uncomment the following line to disable auto-setting terminal title.
# DISABLE_AUTO_TITLE="true"

# Uncomment the following line to enable command auto-correction.
ENABLE_CORRECTION="true"

# Uncomment the following line to display red dots whilst waiting for completion.
COMPLETION_WAITING_DOTS="true"

# Uncomment the following line if you want to disable marking untracked files
# under VCS as dirty. This makes repository status check for large repositories
# much, much faster.
# DISABLE_UNTRACKED_FILES_DIRTY="true"

# Uncomment the following line if you want to change the command execution time
# stamp shown in the history command output.
# The optional three formats: "mm/dd/yyyy"|"dd.mm.yyyy"|"yyyy-mm-dd"
# HIST_STAMPS="mm/dd/yyyy"

# Would you like to use another custom folder than $ZSH/custom?
# ZSH_CUSTOM=/path/to/new-custom-folder

# Which plugins would you like to load? (plugins can be found in ~/.oh-my-zsh/plugins/*)
# Custom plugins may be added to ~/.oh-my-zsh/custom/plugins/
# Example format: plugins=(rails git textmate ruby lighthouse)
# Add wisely, as too many plugins slow down shell startup.
plugins=(git git-flow history-substring-search github zsh-syntax-highlighting)

# User configuration

  export PATH="/usr/local/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/bin:/usr/sbin:/bin:/sbin:/home/xiehongfeng100/.local/bin:/home/xiehongfeng100/bin"
# export MANPATH="/usr/local/man:$MANPATH"

  export LD_LIBRARY_PATH="/usr/local/systemc-2.3.1/lib-linux64:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH"

source $ZSH/oh-my-zsh.sh

# You may need to manually set your language environment
# export LANG=en_US.UTF-8

# Preferred editor for local and remote sessions
# if [[ -n $SSH_CONNECTION ]]; then
#   export EDITOR=‘vim‘
# else
#   export EDITOR=‘mvim‘
# fi

# Compilation flags
# export ARCHFLAGS="-arch x86_64"

# ssh
# export SSH_KEY_PATH="~/.ssh/dsa_id"

# Set personal aliases, overriding those provided by oh-my-zsh libs,
# plugins, and themes. Aliases can be placed here, though oh-my-zsh
# users are encouraged to define aliases within the ZSH_CUSTOM folder.
# For a full list of active aliases, run `alias`.
#
# Example aliases
# alias zshconfig="mate ~/.zshrc"
# alias ohmyzsh="mate ~/.oh-my-zsh"
~/.zshrc

  需要注意的是,可能需要设置一下环境变量。具体可参考上一博文  Linux 中环境变量设置

  下图是个人终端效果:

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  注:终端背景颜色是通过终端的 Edit->Profile Preference->Colors,具体两个步骤如下:

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  关于 zsh 详细配置可参考 archlinux 上的一篇文章 Zsh

 

  为了更方便,还可安装 autojump 插件:

sudo yum install autojump
sudo yum install autojump-zsh

  它有一个非常实用的功能,及能够快速切换到已经打开过的目录,如下例:

$ pwd
/home/seisman
$ cd Desktop
$ cd /opt
$ cd /usr/local

# 用j命令迅速从/usr/local跳转到与des匹配的目录,这里只有Desktop可以匹配
$ j des
$ pwd
/home/seisman/Desktop

安装及配置 TMUX

  关于 TMUX 的概念,博文 Tmux - Linux从业者必备利器说的很详细生动。而另一博文tmux的使用方法和个性化配置对TMUX的配置说的很不错。

  安装 TMUX 直接用 yum 就可以了:

sudo yum install tmux

  接下来就主要配置下 TMUX 就行了。新建文件 ~/.tmux.conf:

#设置前缀为Ctrl + x
set -g prefix C-x
#解除Ctrl+b 与前缀的对应关系
unbind C-b

  效果图如下:

  技术分享

 

  部分 TMUX 快捷键可参考博文 tmux 快捷键

  其他命令的使用需要先激活 TMUX,默认快捷键是 Ctrl + b。因为我已经修改了这个快捷键,所以是 Ctrl + x。

  技术分享

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VIM 的配置

安装 Vundle

  Vundle 的安装参照其主页即可:

$ git clone https://github.com/VundleVim/Vundle.vim.git ~/.vim/bundle/Vundle.vim

  在 ~/.vimrc 中添加如下内容:

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" Vundle Setting
set nocompatible
filetype off
set rtp+=~/.vim/bundle/Vundle.vim
call vundle#begin()

" Let Vundle manage itself
Plugin gmarik/Vundle.vim
" Plugins
Plugin Valloric/YouCompleteMe
Plugin scrooloose/syntastic
Plugin bling/vim-airline
Plugin SirVer/ultisnips
Plugin edsono/vim-matchit
Plugin elzr/vim-json
Plugin honza/vim-snippets
Plugin justinmk/vim-sneak
Plugin kien/ctrlp.vim
Plugin ludovicchabant/vim-lawrencium
Plugin majutsushi/tagbar
Plugin mhinz/vim-signify
Plugin plasticboy/vim-markdown
Plugin scrooloose/nerdcommenter
Plugin sjl/gundo.vim
Plugin tpope/vim-sleuth
Plugin tpope/vim-surround
Plugin tpope/vim-fugitive
Plugin tyru/open-browser.vim
Plugin vim-scripts/a.vim
" Plugin ‘Raimondi/delimitMate‘

" Color schemes
Plugin tomasr/molokai
Plugin flazz/vim-colorschemes

call vundle#end()
filetype plugin indent on
Vundle Setting

  保存退出 vim 后重新进入 vim,执行 :BundelInstall。

  安装过程如下图(摘自 Vundle 主页):

 技术分享

安装 YouCompleteMe

  在上一步的基础上,参照 YouCompleteMe 主页,个人配置采用:

cd ~/.vim/bundle/YouCompleteMe
./install.py --clang-completer

编辑 ~/.vimrc

  完整的 ~/.vimrc 文件如下:

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" Vundle Setting
set nocompatible
filetype off
set rtp+=~/.vim/bundle/Vundle.vim
call vundle#begin()

" Let Vundle manage itself
Plugin gmarik/Vundle.vim
" Plugins
Plugin Valloric/YouCompleteMe
Plugin scrooloose/syntastic
Plugin bling/vim-airline
Plugin SirVer/ultisnips
Plugin edsono/vim-matchit
Plugin elzr/vim-json
Plugin honza/vim-snippets
Plugin justinmk/vim-sneak
Plugin kien/ctrlp.vim
Plugin ludovicchabant/vim-lawrencium
Plugin majutsushi/tagbar
Plugin mhinz/vim-signify
Plugin plasticboy/vim-markdown
Plugin scrooloose/nerdcommenter
Plugin sjl/gundo.vim
Plugin tpope/vim-sleuth
Plugin tpope/vim-surround
Plugin tpope/vim-fugitive
Plugin tyru/open-browser.vim
Plugin vim-scripts/a.vim
" Plugin ‘Raimondi/delimitMate‘

" Color schemes
Plugin tomasr/molokai
Plugin flazz/vim-colorschemes

call vundle#end()
filetype plugin indent on

""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
" => YouCompleteMe  代码自动补全  Begin
""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
" Plugin ‘Valloric/YouCompleteMe‘
" youcompleteme  默认tab  s-tab 和自动补全冲突
" let g:ycm_key_list_select_completion=[‘<c-n>‘]
" let g:ycm_key_list_select_completion = [‘<Down>‘]
" let g:ycm_key_list_previous_completion=[‘<c-p>‘]
" let g:ycm_key_list_previous_completion = [‘<Up>‘]
" let g:ycm_confirm_extra_conf=0      " 关闭加载.ycm_extra_conf.py提示
let g:ycm_complete_in_comments = 1                "在注释输入中也能补全
let g:ycm_complete_in_strings = 1                "在字符串输入中也能补全
let g:ycm_collect_identifiers_from_tags_files=1                 " 开启 YCM 基于标签引擎
let g:ycm_collect_identifiers_from_comments_and_strings = 1    "注释和字符串中的文字也会被收入补全
let g:ycm_seed_identifiers_with_syntax=1            "语言关键字补全, 不过python关键字都很短,所以,需要的自己打开
let g:ycm_collect_identifiers_from_tags_files = 1
let g:ycm_min_num_of_chars_for_completion=2            " 从第2个键入字符就开始罗列匹配项
" 引入,可以补全系统,以及python的第三方包 针对新老版本YCM做了兼容
" old version
if !empty(glob("~/.vim/bundle/YouCompleteMe/third_party/ycmd/cpp/ycm/.ycm_extra_conf.py"))
    let g:ycm_global_ycm_extra_conf = "~/.vim/bundle/YouCompleteMe/cpp/ycm/.ycm_extra_conf.py"
endif
" new version
if !empty(glob("~/.vim/bundle/YouCompleteMe/third_party/ycmd/cpp/ycm/.ycm_extra_conf.py"))
    let g:ycm_global_ycm_extra_conf = "~/.vim/bundle/YouCompleteMe/third_party/ycmd/cpp/ycm/.ycm_extra_conf.py"
endif
"mapping
nmap <leader>gd :YcmDiags<CR>
nnoremap <leader>gl :YcmCompleter GoToDeclaration<CR>           " 跳转到申明处
nnoremap <leader>gf :YcmCompleter GoToDefinition<CR>            " 跳转到定义处
nnoremap <leader>gg :YcmCompleter GoToDefinitionElseDeclaration<CR>
" 直接触发自动补全
let g:ycm_key_invoke_completion = <C-Space>
" 黑名单,不启用
let g:ycm_filetype_blacklist = {
        \ tagbar : 1,
        \ gitcommit : 1,
        \}
map <F9> :call SaveInputData()<CR>
func! SaveInputData()
    exec "tabnew"
    exec normal "+gP
    exec "w! /tmp/input_data"
endfunc
""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
" => YouCompleteMe  代码自动补全  End
""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
" set t_Co=256
" set background=dark
" colorschem solarized

" 设置配色方案
colorscheme torte
" colorscheme murphy
" colorscheme desert 

"字体 
"if (has("gui_running")) 
"   set guifont=Bitstream\ Vera\ Sans\ Mono\ 10 
"endif 

""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
" 显示相关  
""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
"set shortmess=atI   " 启动的时候不显示那个援助乌干达儿童的提示  
"winpos 5 5          " 设定窗口位置  
"set lines=40 columns=155    " 设定窗口大小  
set go=             " 不要图形按钮  
"color asmanian2     " 设置背景主题  
"set guifont=Courier_New:h10:cANSI   " 设置字体  
"syntax on           " 语法高亮  
autocmd InsertLeave * se nocul  " 用浅色高亮当前行  
autocmd InsertEnter * se cul    " 用浅色高亮当前行  
"set ruler           " 显示标尺  
set showcmd         " 输入的命令显示出来,看的清楚些  
"set cmdheight=1     " 命令行(在状态行下)的高度,设置为1  
"set whichwrap+=<,>,h,l   " 允许backspace和光标键跨越行边界(不建议)  
"set scrolloff=3     " 光标移动到buffer的顶部和底部时保持3行距离  
set novisualbell    " 不要闪烁(不明白)  
set statusline=%F%m%r%h%w\ [FORMAT=%{&ff}]\ [TYPE=%Y]\ [POS=%l,%v][%p%%]\ %{strftime(\"%d/%m/%y\ -\ %H:%M\")}   "状态行显示的内容  
set laststatus=1    " 启动显示状态行(1),总是显示状态行(2)  
set foldenable      " 允许折叠  
set foldmethod=manual   " 手动折叠  
"set background=dark "背景使用黑色 
" 显示中文帮助
if version >= 603
    set helplang=cn
    set encoding=utf-8
endif

"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
"""""新文件标题
""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
"新建.c,.h,.sh,.java文件,自动插入文件头 
autocmd BufNewFile *.cpp,*.[ch],*.sh,*.java exec ":call SetTitle()" 
""定义函数SetTitle,自动插入文件头 
func SetTitle() 
    "如果文件类型为.sh文件 
    if &filetype == sh 
    call setline(1,"\#########################################################################") 
    call append(line("."), "\# File Name: ".expand("%")) 
    call append(line(".")+1, "\# Author: xiehongfeng") 
    call append(line(".")+2, "\# mail: xiehongfeng100@qq.com") 
    call append(line(".")+3, "\# Created Time: ".strftime("%c")) 
    call append(line(".")+4, "\#########################################################################") 
    call append(line(".")+5, "\#!/bin/bash") 
    call append(line(".")+6, "") 
    else 
    call setline(1, "/*************************************************************************") 
    call append(line("."), "    > File Name: ".expand("%")) 
    call append(line(".")+1, "    > Author: xiehongfeng") 
    call append(line(".")+2, "    > Mail: xiehongfeng100@qq.com") 
    call append(line(".")+3, "    > Created Time: ".strftime("%c")) 
    call append(line(".")+4, " ************************************************************************/") 
    call append(line(".")+5, "")
    endif
    if &filetype == cpp
    call append(line(".")+6, "#include <iostream>")
    call append(line(".")+7, "using namespace std;")
    call append(line(".")+8, "")
    endif
    if &filetype == c
    call append(line(".")+6, "#include <stdio.h>")
    call append(line(".")+7, "")
    endif
    "    if &filetype == ‘java‘
    "        call append(line(".")+6,"public class ".expand("%"))
    "        call append(line(".")+7,"")
    "    endif
    "新建文件后,自动定位到文件末尾
    autocmd BufNewFile * normal G
endfunc 

""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
"键盘命令
""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
nmap <leader>w :w!<cr>
nmap <leader>f :find<cr>
" 映射全选+复制 ctrl+a
map <C-A> ggVGY
map! <C-A> <Esc>ggVGY
map <F12> gg=G
" 选中状态下 Ctrl+c 复制
vmap <C-c> "+y
"去空行  
nnoremap <F2> :g/^\s*$/d<CR> 
"比较文件  
nnoremap <C-F2> :vert diffsplit 
"新建标签  
map <M-F2> :tabnew<CR>  
"列出当前目录文件  
map <F3> :tabnew .<CR>  
"打开树状文件目录  
map <C-F3> \be  
"C,C++ 按F5编译运行
map <F5> :call CompileRunGcc()<CR>
func! CompileRunGcc()
    exec "w"
    if &filetype == c
    exec "!g++ % -o %<"
    exec "! ./%<"
    elseif &filetype == cpp
    exec "!g++ % -o %<"
    exec "! ./%<"
    elseif &filetype == java 
    exec "!javac %" 
    exec "!java %<"
    elseif &filetype == sh
    :!./%
    elseif &filetype == py
    exec "!python %"
    exec "!python %<"
    endif
endfunc
"C,C++的调试
map <F8> :call Rungdb()<CR>
func! Rungdb()
    exec "w"
    exec "!g++ % -g -o %<"
    exec "!gdb ./%<"
endfunc

""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
""实用设置
"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
" 设置当文件被改动时自动载入
set autoread
" quickfix模式
autocmd FileType c,cpp map <buffer> <leader><space> :w<cr>:make<cr>
"代码补全 
set completeopt=preview,menu 
"允许插件  
filetype plugin on
"共享剪贴板  
set clipboard+=unnamed 
"从不备份  
set nobackup
"make 运行
:set makeprg=g++\ -Wall\ \ %
"自动保存
set autowrite
set ruler                   " 打开状态栏标尺
set cursorline              " 突出显示当前行
set magic                   " 设置魔术
set guioptions-=T           " 隐藏工具栏
set guioptions-=m           " 隐藏菜单栏
"set statusline=\ %<%F[%1*%M%*%n%R%H]%=\ %y\ %0(%{&fileformat}\ %{&encoding}\ %c:%l/%L%)\
" 设置在状态行显示的信息
set foldcolumn=0
set foldmethod=indent 
set foldlevel=3 
set foldenable              " 开始折叠
" 不要使用vi的键盘模式,而是vim自己的
set nocompatible
" 语法高亮
set syntax=on
" 去掉输入错误的提示声音
set noeb
" 在处理未保存或只读文件的时候,弹出确认
set confirm
" 自动缩进
set autoindent
set cindent
" Tab键的宽度
set tabstop=4
" 统一缩进为4
set softtabstop=4
set shiftwidth=4
" 不要用空格代替制表符
set noexpandtab
" 在行和段开始处使用制表符
set smarttab
" 显示行号
set number
" 历史记录数
set history=1000
"禁止生成临时文件
set nobackup
set noswapfile
"搜索忽略大小写
set ignorecase
"搜索逐字符高亮
set hlsearch
set incsearch
"行内替换
set gdefault
"编码设置
set enc=utf-8
set fencs=utf-8,ucs-bom,shift-jis,gb18030,gbk,gb2312,cp936
"语言设置
set langmenu=zh_CN.UTF-8
set helplang=cn
" 我的状态行显示的内容(包括文件类型和解码)
"set statusline=%F%m%r%h%w\ [FORMAT=%{&ff}]\ [TYPE=%Y]\ [POS=%l,%v][%p%%]\ %{strftime(\"%d/%m/%y\ -\ %H:%M\")}
"set statusline=[%F]%y%r%m%*%=[Line:%l/%L,Column:%c][%p%%]
" 总是显示状态行
set laststatus=2
" 命令行(在状态行下)的高度,默认为1,这里是2
set cmdheight=2
" 侦测文件类型
filetype on
" 载入文件类型插件
filetype plugin on
" 为特定文件类型载入相关缩进文件
filetype indent on
" 保存全局变量
set viminfo+=!
" 带有如下符号的单词不要被换行分割
set iskeyword+=_,$,@,%,#,-
" 字符间插入的像素行数目
set linespace=0
" 增强模式中的命令行自动完成操作
set wildmenu
" 使回格键(backspace)正常处理indent, eol, start等
set backspace=2
" 允许backspace和光标键跨越行边界
set whichwrap+=<,>,h,l
" 可以在buffer的任何地方使用鼠标(类似office中在工作区双击鼠标定位)
set mouse=a
set selection=exclusive
set selectmode=mouse,key
" 通过使用: commands命令,告诉我们文件的哪一行被改变过
set report=0
" 在被分割的窗口间显示空白,便于阅读
set fillchars=vert:\ ,stl:\ ,stlnc:" 高亮显示匹配的括号
set showmatch
" 匹配括号高亮的时间(单位是十分之一秒)
set matchtime=1
" 光标移动到buffer的顶部和底部时保持3行距离
set scrolloff=3
" 为C程序提供自动缩进
set smartindent
" 高亮显示普通txt文件(需要txt.vim脚本)
au BufRead,BufNewFile *  setfiletype txt
"自动补全
:inoremap ( ()<ESC>i
:inoremap ) <c-r>=ClosePair())<CR>
:inoremap { {<CR>}<ESC>O
:inoremap } <c-r>=ClosePair(})<CR>
:inoremap [ []<ESC>i
:inoremap ] <c-r>=ClosePair(])<CR>
" :inoremap " ""<ESC>i
" :inoremap ‘ ‘‘<ESC>i
function! ClosePair(char)
    if getline(.)[col(.) - 1] == a:char
    return "\<Right>"
    else
    return a:char
    endif
endfunction
filetype plugin indent on 
"打开文件类型检测, 加了这句才可以用智能补全
set completeopt=longest,menu
~/.vimrc

  VIM 最终效果如下:

  技术分享

 

Linux 开发环境搭建

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原文地址:http://www.cnblogs.com/xiehongfeng100/p/4972212.html

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