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基本数据类型
在Python中,一切事物都是对象,对象基于类创建
注:查看对象相关成员的函数有:var,type,dir
基本数据类型主要有:
接下来将对以上数据类型进行剖析:
1、整数 int
如:18、73、-100
每一个整数都具备如下功能:
class int(object):"""int(x=0) -> integerint(x, base=10) -> integerConvert a number or string to an integer, or return 0 if no argumentsare given. If x is a number, return x.__int__(). For floating pointnumbers, this truncates towards zero.If x is not a number or if base is given, then x must be a string,bytes, or bytearray instance representing an integer literal in thegiven base. The literal can be preceded by ‘+‘ or ‘-‘ and be surroundedby whitespace. The base defaults to 10. Valid bases are 0 and 2-36.Base 0 means to interpret the base from the string as an integer literal.>>> int(‘0b100‘, base=0)4"""def bit_length(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__"""int.bit_length() -> intNumber of bits necessary to represent self in binary.""""""表示该数字返回时占用的最少位数例如:整数37用二进制方法表示为:0b100101,调用.bit_length方法时他只占了6位>>> bin(37)‘0b100101‘>>> (37).bit_length()6整数10用二进制方法表示为:0b1010,调用.bit_length方法时他只占了4位>>> bin(10)‘0b1010‘>>> (10).bit_length()4"""return 0def conjugate(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown""" Returns self, the complex conjugate of any int.""""""返回该复数的共轭复数""" # <--- 银角大王说没啥卵用pass@classmethod # known casedef from_bytes(cls, bytes, byteorder, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown; NOTE: unreliably restored from __doc__"""int.from_bytes(bytes, byteorder, *, signed=False) -> intReturn the integer represented by the given array of bytes.The bytes argument must be a bytes-like object (e.g. bytes or bytearray).The byteorder argument determines the byte order used to represent theinteger. If byteorder is ‘big‘, the most significant byte is at thebeginning of the byte array. If byteorder is ‘little‘, the mostsignificant byte is at the end of the byte array. To request the nativebyte order of the host system, use `sys.byteorder‘ as the byte order value.The signed keyword-only argument indicates whether two‘s complement isused to represent the integer.""""""python官方给出了下面几个例子,我是没看懂,谁看懂了告诉我下:这个方法是在Python3.2的时候加入的>>> int.from_bytes(b‘\x00\x10‘, byteorder=‘big‘)16>>> int.from_bytes(b‘\x00\x10‘, byteorder=‘little‘)4096>>> int.from_bytes(b‘\xfc\x00‘, byteorder=‘big‘, signed=True)-1024>>> int.from_bytes(b‘\xfc\x00‘, byteorder=‘big‘, signed=False)64512>>> int.from_bytes([255, 0, 0], byteorder=‘big‘)16711680"""passdef to_bytes(self, length, byteorder, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown; NOTE: unreliably restored from __doc__"""int.to_bytes(length, byteorder, *, signed=False) -> bytesReturn an array of bytes representing an integer.The integer is represented using length bytes. An OverflowError israised if the integer is not representable with the given number ofbytes.The byteorder argument determines the byte order used to represent theinteger. If byteorder is ‘big‘, the most significant byte is at thebeginning of the byte array. If byteorder is ‘little‘, the mostsignificant byte is at the end of the byte array. To request the nativebyte order of the host system, use `sys.byteorder‘ as the byte order value.The signed keyword-only argument determines whether two‘s complement isused to represent the integer. If signed is False and a negative integeris given, an OverflowError is raised.""""""# 应该是跟上面的from_bytes是相反的,感觉没啥卵用官方例子:>>> (1024).to_bytes(2, byteorder=‘big‘)b‘\x04\x00‘>>> (1024).to_bytes(10, byteorder=‘big‘)b‘\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x04\x00‘>>> (-1024).to_bytes(10, byteorder=‘big‘, signed=True)b‘\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xfc\x00‘>>> x = 1000>>> x.to_bytes((x.bit_length() // 8) + 1, byteorder=‘little‘)b‘\xe8\x03‘"""passdef __abs__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown""" abs(self)""""""返回一个绝对值例子:>>> (10).__abs__()10>>> (-10).__abs__()10"""pass# 这里有两个__add__() 应该是用来区分数字和字符串的def __add__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown""" Return self+value.""""""例子:>>> (3).__add__(4)7# 在python3.x中,数字不能和字符串相加>>> (3).__add__(‘a‘)NotImplemented"""passdef __and__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown""" Return self&value.""""""例子:>>> a = 3>>> a.__add__(4)7"""passdef __bool__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown""" self != 0 """"""判断一个整数对象是否为0,如果为0,则返回False,如果不为0,则返回True例子:>>> (-1).__bool__()True>>> (0).__bool__()False"""passdef __ceil__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown""" Ceiling of an Integral returns itself. """"""好像是返回自己本身,没啥卵用例子:>>> (35).__ceil__()35>>> (35343).__ceil__()35343>>> (-35343).__ceil__()-35343"""passdef __divmod__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown""" Return divmod(self, value). """"""返回一个元组,第一个元素为商,第二个元素为余数例子:>>> (3).__divmod__(2)(1, 1)>>> (3).__divmod__(3)(1, 0)>>> (3).__divmod__(4)(0, 3)"""passdef __eq__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown""" Return self==value. """"""判断两个值是否相等例子:>>> (3).__eq__(4)False>>> (3).__eq__(3)True"""passdef __float__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown""" float(self) """"""将一个整数转换成浮点型例子:>>> a = 1>>> a.__float__()1.0"""passdef __floordiv__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown""" Return self//value. """"""整除,保留结果的整数部分例子:>>> a = 10>>> b = 3>>> a.__floordiv__(b)3"""passdef __floor__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown""" Flooring an Integral returns itself. """"""返回本身,没啥卵用例子:a = 10>>> a.__floor__()10"""passdef __format__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown""" """"""转换对象的类型例子:>>> a = 10>>> a.__format__(‘f‘)‘10.000000‘>>> a.__format__(‘b‘)‘1010‘"""passdef __getattribute__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown""" Return getattr(self, name). """passdef __getnewargs__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknownpassdef __ge__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown""" Return self>=value. """passdef __gt__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown""" Return self>value. """passdef __hash__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown""" Return hash(self). """passdef __index__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown""" Return self converted to an integer, if self is suitable for use as an index into a list. """passdef __init__(self, x, base=10): # known special case of int.__init__"""int(x=0) -> integerint(x, base=10) -> integerConvert a number or string to an integer, or return 0 if no argumentsare given. If x is a number, return x.__int__(). For floating pointnumbers, this truncates towards zero.If x is not a number or if base is given, then x must be a string,bytes, or bytearray instance representing an integer literal in thegiven base. The literal can be preceded by ‘+‘ or ‘-‘ and be surroundedby whitespace. The base defaults to 10. Valid bases are 0 and 2-36.Base 0 means to interpret the base from the string as an integer literal.>>> int(‘0b100‘, base=0)4# (copied from class doc)"""passdef __int__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown""" int(self) """passdef __invert__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown""" ~self """passdef __le__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown""" Return self<=value. """passdef __lshift__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown""" Return self<<value. """passdef __lt__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown""" Return self<value. """passdef __mod__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown""" Return self%value. """passdef __mul__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown""" Return self*value. """passdef __neg__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown""" -self """pass@staticmethod # known case of __new__def __new__(*args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown""" Create and return a new object. See help(type) for accurate signature. """passdef __ne__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown""" Return self!=value. """passdef __or__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown""" Return self|value. """passdef __pos__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown""" +self """passdef __pow__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown""" Return pow(self, value, mod). """passdef __radd__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown""" Return value+self. """passdef __rand__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown""" Return value&self. """passdef __rdivmod__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown""" Return divmod(value, self). """passdef __repr__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown""" Return repr(self). """passdef __rfloordiv__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown""" Return value//self. """passdef __rlshift__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown""" Return value<<self. """passdef __rmod__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown""" Return value%self. """passdef __rmul__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown""" Return value*self. """passdef __ror__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown""" Return value|self. """passdef __round__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown"""Rounding an Integral returns itself.Rounding with an ndigits argument also returns an integer."""passdef __rpow__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown""" Return pow(value, self, mod). """passdef __rrshift__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown""" Return value>>self. """passdef __rshift__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown""" Return self>>value. """passdef __rsub__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown""" Return value-self. """passdef __rtruediv__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown""" Return value/self. """passdef __rxor__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown""" Return value^self. """passdef __sizeof__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown""" Returns size in memory, in bytes """passdef __str__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown""" Return str(self). """passdef __sub__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown""" Return self-value. """passdef __truediv__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown""" Return self/value. """passdef __trunc__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown""" Truncating an Integral returns itself. """passdef __xor__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown""" Return self^value. """passdenominator = property(lambda self: object(), lambda self, v: None, lambda self: None) # default"""the denominator of a rational number in lowest terms"""imag = property(lambda self: object(), lambda self, v: None, lambda self: None) # default"""the imaginary part of a complex number"""numerator = property(lambda self: object(), lambda self, v: None, lambda self: None) # default"""the numerator of a rational number in lowest terms"""real = property(lambda self: object(), lambda self, v: None, lambda self: None) # default"""the real part of a complex number"""
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原文地址:http://www.cnblogs.com/CongZhang/p/5128864.html