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01-MySQL安装、配置和使用

时间：2016-05-17 13:02:44      阅读：266      评论：0      收藏：0      [点我收藏+]

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1、MySQL基础                                                 

MySQL是一个关系型数据库管理系统，由瑞典MySQL AB公司开发，目前属于Oracle公司。MySQL是一种关联数据库管理系统，关联数据库将数据保存在不同的表中，而不是将所有数据放在一个大仓库内，这样就增加了速度并提高了灵活性。
  • Mysql是开源的，所以你不需要支付额外的费用。
  • Mysql支持大型的数据库。可以处理拥有上千万条记录的大型数据库。
  • MySQL使用标准的SQL数据语言形式。
  • Mysql可以允许运行于多个系统上，并且支持多种编程语言。这些编程语言包括C、C++、Python、Java、Perl、PHP、Eiffel、Ruby和Tcl等。
  • Mysql对PHP有很好的支持，PHP是目前最流行的Web开发语言。
  • MySQL支持大型数据库，支持5000万条记录的数据仓库，32位系统表文件最大可支持4GB，64位系统支持最大的表文件为8TB。
  • Mysql是可以定制的，采用了GPL协议，你可以修改源码来开发自己的Mysql系统。
2、安装MySQL                                                
MySQL安装方式(Windows):
    1）MSI安装（Windows Installer）
    下载安装包：http://dev.mysql.com/downloads/mysql/  并执行安装程序；我这里下载的是mysql-5.5.49-winx64.msi
     安装类型：
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   2） ZIP安装（以后补充）
 
    3、配置MySQL                                       
MSI安装的目录：C:\Program Files\MySQL
运行MySQL配置向导文件：
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选择配置类型：
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设置root用户的密码：
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MySQL的目录结构：
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修改MySQL配置文件my.ini（文件所在的位置C:\Program Files\MySQL\MySQL Server 5.5）：
注意：如果遇到无法修改的问题，请使用管理员身份修改。
 
  1. # MySQL Server Instance Configuration File
  2. # ----------------------------------------------------------------------
  3. # Generated by the MySQL Server Instance Configuration Wizard
  4. #
  5. #
  6. # Installation Instructions
  7. # ----------------------------------------------------------------------
  8. #
  9. # On Linux you can copy this file to /etc/my.cnf to set global options,
  10. # mysql-data-dir/my.cnf to set server-specific options
  11. # (@localstatedir@ for this installation) or to
  12. # ~/.my.cnf to set user-specific options.
  13. #
  14. # On Windows you should keep this file in the installation directory
  15. # of your server (e.g. C:\Program Files\MySQL\MySQL Server X.Y). To
  16. # make sure the server reads the config file use the startup option
  17. # "--defaults-file".
  18. #
  19. # To run run the server from the command line, execute this in a
  20. # command line shell, e.g.
  21. # mysqld --defaults-file="C:\Program Files\MySQL\MySQL Server X.Y\my.ini"
  22. #
  23. # To install the server as a Windows service manually, execute this in a
  24. # command line shell, e.g.
  25. # mysqld --install MySQLXY --defaults-file="C:\Program Files\MySQL\MySQL Server X.Y\my.ini"
  26. #
  27. # And then execute this in a command line shell to start the server, e.g.
  28. # net start MySQLXY
  29. #
  30. #
  31. # Guildlines for editing this file
  32. # ----------------------------------------------------------------------
  33. #
  34. # In this file, you can use all long options that the program supports.
  35. # If you want to know the options a program supports, start the program
  36. # with the "--help" option.
  37. #
  38. # More detailed information about the individual options can also be
  39. # found in the manual.
  40. #
  41. #
  42. # CLIENT SECTION
  43. # ----------------------------------------------------------------------
  44. #
  45. # The following options will be read by MySQL client applications.
  46. # Note that only client applications shipped by MySQL are guaranteed
  47. # to read this section. If you want your own MySQL client program to
  48. # honor these values, you need to specify it as an option during the
  49. # MySQL client library initialization.
  50. #
  51. [client] //MySQL客户端
  53. port=3306 //MySQL的默认端口号
  55. [mysql]
  57. default-character-set=latin1 //latinl为MySQL客户端默认编码方式，将其改为utf8编码方式。
  60. # SERVER SECTION
  61. # ----------------------------------------------------------------------
  62. #
  63. # The following options will be read by the MySQL Server. Make sure that
  64. # you have installed the server correctly (see above) so it reads this
  65. # file.
  66. #
  67. [mysqld] //主要用于MySQL服务器端的配置
  69. # The TCP/IP Port the MySQL Server will listen on
  70. port=3306
  73. #Path to installation directory. All paths are usually resolved relative to this.
  74. basedir="C:/Program Files/MySQL/MySQL Server 5.5/" //基础安装目录
  76. #Path to the database root
  77. datadir="C:/ProgramData/MySQL/MySQL Server 5.5/Data/" //数据文件存储目录
  79. # The default character set that will be used when a new schema or table is
  80. # created and no character set is defined
  81. character-set-server=latin1 //latin1默认为当前服务器上所存储的编码方式；将其修改成utf8
  83. # The default storage engine that will be used when create new tables when
  84. default-storage-engine=INNODB
  86. # Set the SQL mode to strict
  87. sql-mode="STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,NO_AUTO_CREATE_USER,NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION"
  89. # The maximum amount of concurrent sessions the MySQL server will
  90. # allow. One of these connections will be reserved for a user with
  91. # SUPER privileges to allow the administrator to login even if the
  92. # connection limit has been reached.
  93. max_connections=100
  95. # Query cache is used to cache SELECT results and later return them
  96. # without actual executing the same query once again. Having the query
  97. # cache enabled may result in significant speed improvements, if your
  98. # have a lot of identical queries and rarely changing tables. See the
  99. # "Qcache_lowmem_prunes" status variable to check if the current value
  100. # is high enough for your load.
  101. # Note: In case your tables change very often or if your queries are
  102. # textually different every time, the query cache may result in a
  103. # slowdown instead of a performance improvement.
  104. query_cache_size=0
  106. # The number of open tables for all threads. Increasing this value
  107. # increases the number of file descriptors that mysqld requires.
  108. # Therefore you have to make sure to set the amount of open files
  109. # allowed to at least 4096 in the variable "open-files-limit" in
  110. # section [mysqld_safe]
  111. table_cache=256
  113. # Maximum size for internal (in-memory) temporary tables. If a table
  114. # grows larger than this value, it is automatically converted to disk
  115. # based table This limitation is for a single table. There can be many
  116. # of them.
  117. tmp_table_size=18M
  120. # How many threads we should keep in a cache for reuse. When a client
  121. # disconnects, the client‘s threads are put in the cache if there aren‘t
  122. # more than thread_cache_size threads from before. This greatly reduces
  123. # the amount of thread creations needed if you have a lot of new
  124. # connections. (Normally this doesn‘t give a notable performance
  125. # improvement if you have a good thread implementation.)
  126. thread_cache_size=8
  128. #*** MyISAM Specific options
  130. # The maximum size of the temporary file MySQL is allowed to use while
  131. # recreating the index (during REPAIR, ALTER TABLE or LOAD DATA INFILE.
  132. # If the file-size would be bigger than this, the index will be created
  133. # through the key cache (which is slower).
  134. myisam_max_sort_file_size=100G
  136. # If the temporary file used for fast index creation would be bigger
  137. # than using the key cache by the amount specified here, then prefer the
  138. # key cache method. This is mainly used to force long character keys in
  139. # large tables to use the slower key cache method to create the index.
  140. myisam_sort_buffer_size=35M
  142. # Size of the Key Buffer, used to cache index blocks for MyISAM tables.
  143. # Do not set it larger than 30% of your available memory, as some memory
  144. # is also required by the OS to cache rows. Even if you‘re not using
  145. # MyISAM tables, you should still set it to 8-64M as it will also be
  146. # used for internal temporary disk tables.
  147. key_buffer_size=25M
  149. # Size of the buffer used for doing full table scans of MyISAM tables.
  150. # Allocated per thread, if a full scan is needed.
  151. read_buffer_size=64K
  152. read_rnd_buffer_size=256K
  154. # This buffer is allocated when MySQL needs to rebuild the index in
  155. # REPAIR, OPTIMZE, ALTER table statements as well as in LOAD DATA INFILE
  156. # into an empty table. It is allocated per thread so be careful with
  157. # large settings.
  158. sort_buffer_size=256K
  161. #*** INNODB Specific options ***
  164. # Use this option if you have a MySQL server with InnoDB support enabled
  165. # but you do not plan to use it. This will save memory and disk space
  166. # and speed up some things.
  167. #skip-innodb
  169. # Additional memory pool that is used by InnoDB to store metadata
  170. # information. If InnoDB requires more memory for this purpose it will
  171. # start to allocate it from the OS. As this is fast enough on most
  172. # recent operating systems, you normally do not need to change this
  173. # value. SHOW INNODB STATUS will display the current amount used.
  174. innodb_additional_mem_pool_size=2M
  176. # If set to 1, InnoDB will flush (fsync) the transaction logs to the
  177. # disk at each commit, which offers full ACID behavior. If you are
  178. # willing to compromise this safety, and you are running small
  179. # transactions, you may set this to 0 or 2 to reduce disk I/O to the
  180. # logs. Value 0 means that the log is only written to the log file and
  181. # the log file flushed to disk approximately once per second. Value 2
  182. # means the log is written to the log file at each commit, but the log
  183. # file is only flushed to disk approximately once per second.
  184. innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit=1
  186. # The size of the buffer InnoDB uses for buffering log data. As soon as
  187. # it is full, InnoDB will have to flush it to disk. As it is flushed
  188. # once per second anyway, it does not make sense to have it very large
  189. # (even with long transactions).
  190. innodb_log_buffer_size=1M
  192. # InnoDB, unlike MyISAM, uses a buffer pool to cache both indexes and
  193. # row data. The bigger you set this the less disk I/O is needed to
  194. # access data in tables. On a dedicated database server you may set this
  195. # parameter up to 80% of the machine physical memory size. Do not set it
  196. # too large, though, because competition of the physical memory may
  197. # cause paging in the operating system. Note that on 32bit systems you
  198. # might be limited to 2-3.5G of user level memory per process, so do not
  199. # set it too high.
  200. innodb_buffer_pool_size=47M
  202. # Size of each log file in a log group. You should set the combined size
  203. # of log files to about 25%-100% of your buffer pool size to avoid
  204. # unneeded buffer pool flush activity on log file overwrite. However,
  205. # note that a larger logfile size will increase the time needed for the
  206. # recovery process.
  207. innodb_log_file_size=24M
  209. # Number of threads allowed inside the InnoDB kernel. The optimal value
  210. # depends highly on the application, hardware as well as the OS
  211. # scheduler properties. A too high value may lead to thread thrashing.
  212. innodb_thread_concurrency=10
命令行下启动/关闭MySQL服务（注意：需要管理员身份启动CMD客户端）：
  1. #启动服务
  2. net start mysql
  4. #关闭服务
  5. net stop mysql
  7. #补充：在Windows操作系统下，所有的服务都可以通过net start/stop来启动和关闭。
 
4、使用MySQL                                               
MySQL的登录：
 
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  1. C:\Windows\system32>mysql -V
  2. mysql Ver14.14Distrib5.5.49,forWin64(x86)
  4. C:\Windows\system32>mysql -uroot -p -P3306 -h127.0.0.1 //mysql -uroot -p用户密码 -P3306 -h127.0.0.1
  5. Enter password:******
  6. Welcome to the MySQL monitor.Commands end with ; or \g.
  7. YourMySQL connection id is 1
  8. Server version:5.5.49MySQLCommunityServer(GPL)
  10. Copyright(c)2000,2016,Oracle and/or its affiliates.All rights reserved.
  12. Oracle is a registered trademark of OracleCorporation and/or its
  13. affiliates.Other names may be trademarks of their respective
  14. owners.
  16. Type‘help;‘ or ‘\h‘for help.Type‘\c‘ to clear the current input statement.
  18. mysql> exit; //退出，还可以是“quit;”和“\q;”
  19. Bye
 
5、修改MySQL提示符                                     
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  1. C:\Windows\system32>mysql -uroot -phadoop --prompt \h
  2. Welcome to the MySQL monitor.Commands end with ; or \g.
  3. YourMySQL connection id is 5
  4. Server version:5.5.49MySQLCommunityServer(GPL)
  6. Copyright(c)2000,2016,Oracle and/or its affiliates.All rights reserved.
  8. Oracle is a registered trademark of OracleCorporation and/or its
  9. affiliates.Other names may be trademarks of their respective
  10. owners.
  12. Type‘help;‘ or ‘\h‘for help.Type‘\c‘ to clear the current input statement.
  14. localhostprompt mysql>
  15. PROMPT set to ‘mysql>‘
  16. mysql>
MySQL提示符：
参数                                                               描述                                        
\D 完整的日期
\d 当前数据库
\h 服务器名称
\u 当前用户
  1. mysql>prompt \u@\h \d> //组合来使用
 
6、MySQL的常用命令                                          
  1. mysql> SELECT VERSION(); //显示当前MySQL服务器的版本
  2. +-----------+
  3. | VERSION()|
  4. +-----------+
  5. |5.5.49|
  6. +-----------+
  7. 1 row inset(0.00 sec)
  9. mysql> SELECT NOW(); //显示当前日期时间
  10. +---------------------+
  11. | NOW()|
  12. +---------------------+
  13. |2016-05-1622:33:26|
  14. +---------------------+
  15. 1 row inset(0.00 sec)
  17. mysql> SELECT USER(); //显示当前用户
  18. +----------------+
  19. | USER()|
  20. +----------------+
  21. | root@localhost |
  22. +----------------+
  23. 1 row inset(0.00 sec)
MySQL语句的规范：
关键字与函数名称全部大写；
数据库名称、表名称、字段名称全部小写；
SQL语句必须以分号结尾；（这是必须的，不能省略。）
 
7、MySQL操作                                                                
创建数据库：
CREATE {DATABASE | SCHEMA} [IF NOT EXISTS] db_name [DEFAULT] CHARACTER SET [=] charset_name
说明：
DATABASE | SCHEMA：这哥俩完全相同，任选其一；
IF NOT EXISTS：使用CREATE DATABASE IF NOT EXISTS t1；，此时如果数据库t1已经存在则参生警告信息，不加则产生错误信息。
SHOW WARNINGS;命令查看警告信息。
[DEFAULT] CHARACTER SET  [=] charset_name：指定数据库的编码方式
查看编码方式命令：SHOW CREATE DATABASE t1;
创建gbk编码方式的数据库：
CREATE DATABASE IF NOT EXISTS t2 CHARACTER SET gbk;   //这里的DEFAULT 和 = 并没有写。
 
查看当前服务器下的数据库列表：
SHOW {DATABASES | SCHEMAS} [LIKE ‘pattern‘ | WHERE expr]
 
注意：{}花括号代表必选项；|从数据库当中做选择；[]有或者没有都可以，可选项；
  1. mysql> CREATE DATABASE t1; //创建数据库t1；或者：CREATE SCHEMA t1；
  2. Query OK,1 row affected (0.00 sec)
  4. mysql> SHOW DATABASES; //查看数据库
  5. +--------------------+
  6. |Database|
  7. +--------------------+
  8. | information_schema |
  9. | mysql |
  10. | performance_schema |
  11. | t1 | //t1是新创建的数据库，其它四个是安装好MySQL后就自带的数据库。
  12. | test |
  13. +--------------------+
  14. 5 rows inset(0.01 sec)
  16. mysql> CREATE DATABASE t1;
  17. ERROR 1007(HY000):Can‘t create database ‘t1‘; database exists
  18. mysql> SHOW WARNINGS;
  19. +-------+------+---------------------------------------------+
  20. | Level | Code | Message |
  21. +-------+------+---------------------------------------------+
  22. | Error | 1007 | Can‘t create database ‘t1‘; database exists |
  23. +-------+------+---------------------------------------------+
  24. 1 row inset(0.00 sec)
  26. mysql> CREATE DATABASE IF NOT EXISTS t1;
  27. Query OK,1 row affected,1 warning (0.00 sec)
  29. mysql> SHOW WARNINGS; //查看警告信息
  30. +-------+------+---------------------------------------------+
  31. |Level|Code|Message|
  32. +-------+------+---------------------------------------------+
  33. |Note|1007|Can‘t create database ‘t1‘; database exists |
  34. +-------+------+---------------------------------------------+
  35. 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
  37. mysql> SHOW CREATE DATABASE t1; //查看数据库的编码方式
  38. +----------+-------------------------------------------------------------+
  39. | Database | Create Database |
  40. +----------+-------------------------------------------------------------+
  41. | t1 | CREATE DATABASE `t1` /*!40100 DEFAULT CHARACTER SET utf8 */ |
  42. +----------+-------------------------------------------------------------+
  43. 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
  45. mysql> CREATE DATABASE IF NOT EXISTS t2 CHARACTER SET gbk; //创建指定编码方式的数据库
  46. Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
  48. mysql> SHOW DATABASES;
  49. +--------------------+
  50. | Database |
  51. +--------------------+
  52. | information_schema |
  53. | mysql |
  54. | performance_schema |
  55. | t1 |
  56. | t2 |
  57. | test |
  58. +--------------------+
  59. 6 rows in set (0.00 sec)
  61. mysql> SHOW CREATE DATABASE t2;
  62. +----------+------------------------------------------------------------+
  63. | Database | Create Database |
  64. +----------+------------------------------------------------------------+
  65. | t2 | CREATE DATABASE `t2` /*!40100 DEFAULT CHARACTER SET gbk */ |
  66. +----------+------------------------------------------------------------+
  67. 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
 
修改数据库：
ALTER {DATABASE | SCHEMA} db_name [DEFAULT] CHARACTER SET [=] charset_name
  1. mysql> SHOW CREATE DATABASE t2;
  2. +----------+------------------------------------------------------------+
  3. |Database|CreateDatabase|
  4. +----------+------------------------------------------------------------+
  5. | t2 | CREATE DATABASE `t2`/*!40100 DEFAULT CHARACTER SET gbk */| //gbk
  6. +----------+------------------------------------------------------------+
  7. 1 row inset(0.00 sec)
  9. mysql> ALTER DATABASE t2 CHARACTER SET = utf8;
  10. Query OK,1 row affected (0.00 sec)
  12. mysql> SHOW CREATE DATABASE t2;
  13. +----------+-------------------------------------------------------------+
  14. |Database|CreateDatabase|
  15. +----------+-------------------------------------------------------------+
  16. | t2 | CREATE DATABASE `t2`/*!40100 DEFAULT CHARACTER SET utf8 */| //utf8
  17. +----------+-------------------------------------------------------------+
  18. 1 row inset(0.00 sec)
 
删除数据库：
DROP {DATABASE | SCHEMA} [IF EXISTS] db_name 
  1. mysql> SHOW DATABASES;
  2. +--------------------+
  3. |Database|
  4. +--------------------+
  5. | information_schema |
  6. | mysql |
  7. | performance_schema |
  8. | t1 |
  9. | t2 |
  10. | test |
  11. +--------------------+
  12. 6 rows inset(0.00 sec)
  14. mysql> DROP DATABASE t2;
  15. Query OK,0 rows affected (0.06 sec)
  17. mysql> SHOW DATABASES; //少了t2
  18. +--------------------+
  19. |Database|
  20. +--------------------+
  21. | information_schema |
  22. | mysql |
  23. | performance_schema |
  24. | t1 |
  25. | test |
  26. +--------------------+
  27. 5 rows inset(0.00 sec)
 
 
 
 





01-MySQL安装、配置和使用

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原文地址：http://www.cnblogs.com/chj0911/p/5500880.html
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