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一.三元运算
三元运算（三目运算），是对简单的条件语句的缩写。
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# 书写格式result = 值1 if 条件 else 值2# 如果条件成立，那么将 “值1” 赋值给result变量，否则，将“值2”赋值给result变量 |
二.基本数据类型
set
set集合，是一个无序且不重复可修改的元素集合
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class set(object): """ set() -> new empty set object set(iterable) -> new set object Build an unordered collection of unique elements. """ def add(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown """ Add an element to a set，添加元素 This has no effect if the element is already present. """ pass def clear(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown """ Remove all elements from this set. 清除内容""" pass def copy(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown """ Return a shallow copy of a set. 浅拷贝 """ pass def difference(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown """ Return the difference of two or more sets as a new set. A中存在，B中不存在 (i.e. all elements that are in this set but not the others.) """ pass def difference_update(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown """ Remove all elements of another set from this set. 从当前集合中删除和B中相同的元素""" pass def discard(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown """ Remove an element from a set if it is a member. If the element is not a member, do nothing. 移除指定元素，不存在不保错 """ pass def intersection(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown """ Return the intersection of two sets as a new set. 交集 (i.e. all elements that are in both sets.) """ pass def intersection_update(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown """ Update a set with the intersection of itself and another. 取交集并更更新到A中 """ pass def isdisjoint(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown """ Return True if two sets have a null intersection. 如果没有交集，返回True，否则返回False""" pass def issubset(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown """ Report whether another set contains this set. 是否是子序列""" pass def issuperset(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown """ Report whether this set contains another set. 是否是父序列""" pass def pop(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown """ Remove and return an arbitrary set element. Raises KeyError if the set is empty. 移除元素 """ pass def remove(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown """ Remove an element from a set; it must be a member. If the element is not a member, raise a KeyError. 移除指定元素，不存在保错 """ pass def symmetric_difference(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown """ Return the symmetric difference of two sets as a new set. 对称差集 (i.e. all elements that are in exactly one of the sets.) """ pass def symmetric_difference_update(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown """ Update a set with the symmetric difference of itself and another. 对称差集，并更新到a中 """ pass def union(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown """ Return the union of sets as a new set. 并集 (i.e. all elements that are in either set.) """ pass def update(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown """ Update a set with the union of itself and others. 更新 """ pass |
三.深浅拷贝
一、数字和字符串
对于 数字 和 字符串 而言，赋值、浅拷贝和深拷贝无意义，因为其永远指向同一个内存地址。
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import copy# ######### 数字、字符串 #########n1 = 123# n1 = "i am alex age 10"print(id(n1))# ## 赋值 ##n2 = n1print(id(n2))# ## 浅拷贝 ##n2 = copy.copy(n1)print(id(n2)) # ## 深拷贝 ##n3 = copy.deepcopy(n1)print(id(n3)) |
二、其他基本数据类型
对于字典、元祖、列表 而言，进行赋值、浅拷贝和深拷贝时，其内存地址的变化是不同的。
1、赋值
赋值，只是创建一个变量，该变量指向原来内存地址，如：
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n1 = {"k1": "wu", "k2": 123, "k3": ["alex", 456]} n2 = n1 |
2、浅拷贝
浅拷贝，在内存中只额外创建第一层数据
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import copy n1 = {"k1": "wu", "k2": 123, "k3": ["alex", 456]} n3 = copy.copy(n1) |
3、深拷贝
深拷贝，在内存中将所有的数据重新创建一份（排除最后一层，即：python内部对字符串和数字的优化）
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import copy n1 = {"k1": "wu", "k2": 123, "k3": ["alex", 456]} n4 = copy.deepcopy(n1) |
四.函数的定义和使用
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def 函数名(参数): ... 函数体 ... 返回值 |
函数的定义主要有如下要点：
五.函数的返回值
函数是一个功能块，该功能到底执行成功与否，需要通过返回值来告知调用者。
以上要点中，比较重要有参数和返回值：（默认状况下不写返回值,将返回个None,当遇见并执行return，将不会往下继续执行 )
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def 发送短信(): 发送短信的代码... if 发送成功: return True else: return False while True: # 每次执行发送短信函数，都会将返回值自动赋值给result # 之后，可以根据result来写日志，或重发等操作 result = 发送短信() if result == False: 记录日志，短信发送失败... |
六.参数
*args将把传过来的参数转化成一个元祖，**kwargs将把传过来的参数转化成一个字典
七.局部变量和全局变量
局部变量在函数内部可以调用的变量，在函数外不可以被调用，一般情况下局部变量用小写。
全局变量一般指在外或者函数体内都能调用的变量，如果在函数体内修改全局变量，要加上global,一般情况下全局变量用大写。
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原文地址：http://www.cnblogs.com/lijinrui/p/5536290.html
