python基础-第六篇-6.2模块

from xml.etree import ElementTree
print(ElementTree.__package__)  #xml.etree

#python创建文件夹

import sys,os

print(sys.argv)  #[‘test.py‘, ‘nihao‘]
os.mkdir(sys.argv[1])  #创建目录

import os
import sys

tmp1 = os.path.dirname(__file__)
s = ‘bin‘
pt = os.path.join(tmp1,s)
sys.path.append(pt)
print(sys.path)  
#[‘E:\\Python文件\\test文件‘,
 ‘E:\\Python文件‘,
 ‘C:\\Users\\Administrator\\AppData\\Local\\Programs\\Python\\Python35\\python35.zip‘,
 ‘C:\\Users\\Administrator\\AppData\\Local\\Programs\\Python\\Python35\\DLLs‘, ‘C:\\Users\\Administrator\\AppData\\Local\\Programs\\Python\\Python35\\lib‘,
 ‘C:\\Users\\Administrator\\AppData\\Local\\Programs\\Python\\Python35‘,
 ‘C:\\Users\\Administrator\\AppData\\Local\\Programs\\Python\\Python35\\lib\\site-packages‘,
 ‘E:/Python文件/test文件\\bin‘]

import sys
import time

for i in range(31):
    sys.stdout.write(‘\r‘)  #每一次清空原行
    sys.stdout.write(‘%s%% |%s‘%(int(i/30*100),int(i/30*100)*‘*‘))
    sys.stdout.flush()  #强制刷新缓冲区
    time.sleep(0.3)

#time模块

import time

print(‘start to sleep...‘)
time.sleep(1)
print(‘wake up...‘)

print(time.time())  #1466000873.1087487--时间戳，从1970年1月1号  过了多少秒
#电脑之间校对时间

print(time.ctime())  #Wed Jun 15 22:27:53 2016--返回当前系统时间
print(time.ctime(time.time()-86400))  #Tue Jun 14 22:30:16 2016

time_obj = time.gmtime(time.time()-86400)  #时间对象--utc时间
print(time_obj) #time.struct_time(tm_year=2016, tm_mon=6, tm_mday=14, tm_hour=14, tm_min=31, tm_sec=30, tm_wday=1,tm_yday=166, tm_isdst=0)
print(time_obj.tm_year)  #2016

print(time.localtime(time.time()-86400)) #将时间戳转换成struct_time格式，返回本地时间--即操作系统设置时间
print(time.mktime(time.localtime()))    #将一个时间对象转为时间戳
print(time.strftime(‘%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S‘,time.gmtime()))  #将一个时间对象转换为指定的字符串格式
print(time.strptime(‘2016/2/25‘,‘%Y/%m/%d‘))   #将特定格式的字符串转为时间对象

#datetime模块

import time
import datetime

print(datetime.date.today())  #返回系统当前日期
print(datetime.date.fromtimestamp(time.time()-86400))  #将时间戳转为日期格式

current_time = datetime.datetime.now()
print(current_time)  #返回当前日期时间
print(current_time.timetuple())  #转为时间对象
print(current_time.replace(2013,9,6))  #这里是替换当前时间的日期

print(datetime.date.today()+datetime.timedelta(days=5))  #datetime.timedelta --表示时间间隔，即两个时间点之间的长度

#os模块

#os.stat(‘path/filename‘)
import os

ret = os.stat(__file__)
print(ret,type(ret))
for i in ret:
    print(i,type(i))
#========================

#os.path.dirname(path)
#os.path.join(path1[, path2[, ...]])

import os
import sys

s = ‘bin‘
pat = os.path.dirname(__file__)
x_pat = os.path.join(pat,s)
sys.path.append(x_pat)
print(sys.path)
#=========================
#os.path.exists(path)

path1 = os.path.dirname(__file__)
path2 = os.path.join(path1,‘bin‘)
ret1 = os.path.exists(path1)
ret2 = os.path.exists(path2)
print(ret1,ret2)

#hashlib模块
#不可反解

import hashlib

#md5
m = hashlib.md5()
m.update(b"Hello")
print(m.digest())
print(m.hexdigest())

m.update(b"It‘s me")
print(m.digest())
print(m.hexdigest())

m.update(b"It‘s been a long time since last time we ...")
print(m.digest()) #2进制格式hash
print(len(m.hexdigest())) #16进制格式hash

#sha1
n = hashlib.sha1()
n.update(b‘hello‘)
print(n.digest())
print(n.hexdigest())

import hashlib

# ######## md5 ########

hash = hashlib.md5(bytes(‘898oaFs09f‘,encoding="utf-8"))
hash.update(bytes(‘admin‘,encoding="utf-8"))
print(hash.hexdigest())

import hmac
 
h = hmac.new(bytes(‘898oaFs09f‘,encoding="utf-8"))
h.update(bytes(‘admin‘,encoding="utf-8"))
print(h.hexdigest())

import json
import pickle

tuple1 = (11,22,3)
s = json.dumps(tuple1)
print(type(s))  #字符串
print(s)  #[11, 22, 3] 自动把元组转换为列表，因为元组是python特有的数据类型
tu = json.loads(s)
print(tu)

dic = {‘k1‘:123,‘k2‘:‘jidjfis‘}
f = open(‘db.txt‘,‘w‘)
json.dump(dic,f)
f.close()

fil = open(‘db.txt‘,‘r‘)
dic2 = json.load(fil)
print(dic2)
fil.close()

dic = {‘k1‘:123,‘k2‘:‘jidjfis‘}
s = pickle.dumps(dic)
print(s,type(s))  #字节
dict2 = pickle.loads(s)
print(dict2)

with open(‘k.txt‘,‘wb‘) as f:  #由于pickle是将数据转化为字节类型，所以打开文件要用字节方式打开
    pickle.dump(dic,f)

with open(‘k.txt‘,‘rb‘) as f:
    da = pickle.load(f)
    print(da)

#xml是实现不同语言或程序之间进行数据交换的协议


from xml.etree import ElementTree as ET
#解析方式一：字符串
#打开文件读取xml内容
str_xml = open(‘xo.xml‘,‘r‘).read()
print(type(str_xml))

#将字符串解析成xml特殊对象，root代指xml文件的根节点
root = ET.XML(str_xml)   #XML注意这里是大写
print(type(root))

#解析方式二：
#直接解析xml文件
tree = ET.parse(‘xo.xml‘)

#获取xml文件的根节点
root = tree.getroot()

#++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++

#操作xml
#xml格式类型是节点嵌套节点，对于每一个节点均有以下功能，以便对当前节点进行操作

from xml.etree import ElementTree as ET

str_xml = open(‘xo.xml‘,‘r‘).read()
root = ET.XML(str_xml)
print(root.tag)  #root.tag  获取根节点的标签
#遍历xml文档的第二层
for child in root:
    #第二层节点的标签名称和标签属性
    print(child.tag,child.attrib)  #节点.attrib获取标签属性--对象为字典
    #遍历xml文档的第三层
    for grandson in child:
        #第三层节点的标签名和内容
        print(grandson.grandson.text)  #grandson.text获取标签的内容，没有返回None

#遍历xml中指定的节点

from xml.etree import ElementTree as ET
tree = ET.parse(‘xo.xml‘)
root = tree.getroot()
print(root.tag)

#可以直接获取儿子也可以获取孙子
for node in root.iter(‘year‘):
    print(node.tag,node.text)

#修改节点内容
#由于修改节点时，均是在内存中进行，是不会影响文件的内容，
# 所以，如果想要修改，则需要重新将内存中的内容写到文件

#以字符串读出的方式来修改文件
from xml.etree import ElementTree as ET

str_xml = open(‘xo.xml‘,‘r‘).read()
root = ET.XML(str_xml)
print(‘字符串解析后是什么类型呢？——‘,type(root))

# for node in root.iter(‘year‘):
    #将year节点中的内容自增1000
    new_year = int(node.text) + 1000
    node.text = str(new_year)

    #设置属性
    node.set(‘gengxin‘,‘yes‘)

# 保存文件
tree = ET.ElementTree(root)
print(‘这什么类型：‘,type(tree))
tree.write(‘new.xml‘,encoding=‘utf-8‘)


#以解析文件的方式来修改文件

from xml.etree import ElementTree as et

tree = et.parse(‘xo.xml‘)
root = tree.getroot()

for node in root.iter(‘year‘):
    new_year = int(node.text) + 1000
    node.text = str(new_year)

    node.set(‘gengxin‘,‘yes‘)
    node.set(‘jijfaj‘,‘luanma‘)

    #删除属性
    del node.attrib[‘jijfaj‘]

tree.write(‘new2.xml‘,encoding=‘utf-8‘)

#删除节点
from xml.etree import ElementTree as et

str_xml = open(‘xo.xml‘,‘r‘).read()
root = et.XML(str_xml)

for country in root.findall(‘country‘):  #node_name.findall返回列表
    #获取每一个country节点下rank节点的内容
    rank = int(country.find(‘rank‘).text)
    if rank > 50:
        #删除指定的country节点
        root.remove(country)

tree = et.ElementTree(root)
tree.write(‘new3.xml‘,encoding=‘utf-8‘)

#==============================================

#创建xml文档

from xml.etree import ElementTree as et

#创建根节点
root = et.Element(‘family‘)

#创建节点大儿子和二儿子
da_son = et.Element(‘son‘,{‘name‘:‘er1‘})
er_son = et.Element(‘son‘,{‘name‘:‘er2‘})

#在大儿子中创建两个孙子
grandson1 = et.Element(‘grandson‘,{‘name‘:‘sun1‘})
grandson2 = et.Element(‘grandson‘,{‘name‘:‘sun2‘})
da_son.append(grandson1)
da_son.append(grandson2)

#把儿子添加到老子那-根节点
root.append(da_son)
root.append(er_son)

tree = et.ElementTree(root)
tree.write(‘new4.xml‘,encoding=‘utf-8‘,short_empty_elements=False)  #默认为Ture,节点与节点间省代码

#创建方式二

from xml.etree import ElementTree as et

#创建根节点
root = et.Element(‘family‘)
#创建大儿子
son1 = root.makeelement(‘son‘,{‘name‘:‘er1‘})  #这种创建方式  根节点和这儿子没有关系，还是要添加操作

#给大儿子创建孙子
sun = son1.makeelement(‘grandson‘,{‘name‘:‘sun1‘})

root.append(son1)
son1.append(sun)

tree = et.ElementTree(root)
tree.write(‘new5.xml‘,encoding=‘utf-8‘)

#方法三：
from xml.etree import ElementTree as et

#创建根节点
root = et.Element(‘famliy‘)

#创建儿子
son = et.SubElement(root,‘son‘,{‘name‘:‘er1‘})  #sub 首字母是大写

#创建孙子
sun = et.SubElement(son,‘sun‘,{‘name‘:‘sun1‘})

tree = et.ElementTree(root)
tree.write(‘new6.xml‘,encoding=‘utf-8‘,xml_declaration=True)

#configparser用于处理特定格式的文件，其本质上是利用open来操作文件

import configparser

#读取文件内容
config = configparser.ConfigParser()
config.read(‘peizhi.txt‘,encoding=‘utf-8‘)

#获取所有的节点
ret = config.sections()
print(ret)

#获得指定节点下所有的键值对
ret = config.items(‘section1‘)
print(ret)  #返回列表，每个键值组合成元组作为列表的元素

#获得指定节点下所有的键
ret = config.options(‘section2‘)
print(ret)  #列表

#获得指定节点下指定key的值
v = config.get(‘section1‘,‘k2‘)
print(v)

#==================================

import configparser

config = configparser.ConfigParser()
config.read(‘peizhi.txt‘,encoding=‘utf-8‘)

#检查——查看文件中是否有某个节点
has_sec = config.has_section(‘section1‘)
print(has_sec)  #逻辑值

#添加节点
# config.add_section(‘meihao‘)  #在内存中操作
# config.write(open(‘peizhi.txt‘,‘w‘))

#删除节点
config.remove_section(‘meihao‘)  #不可以有重名的节点
config.write(open(‘peizhi.txt‘,‘w‘))
#========================================

#对键值对的操作
import configparser

config = configparser.ConfigParser()
config.read(‘peizhi.txt‘,encoding=‘utf-8‘)

#检查——查看是否有某个键值对
has_op = config.has_option(‘section1‘,‘k1‘)
print(has_op)

#删除指定键值对
config.remove_option(‘section2‘,‘jia‘)
config.write(open(‘peizhi.txt‘,‘w‘))

#设置
config.set(‘section2‘,‘jiaj‘,‘jiie‘)
config.write(open(‘peizhi.txt‘,‘w‘))

import logging
 
logging.warning("user [alex] attempted wrong password more than 3 times")
logging.critical("server is down")
 
#输出
WARNING:root:user [alex] attempted wrong password more than 3 times
CRITICAL:root:server is down

import logging
 
logging.basicConfig(filename=‘example.log‘,level=logging.INFO)
logging.debug(‘This message should go to the log file‘)
logging.info(‘So should this‘)
logging.warning(‘And this, too‘)

mport logging
logging.basicConfig(format=‘%(asctime)s %(message)s‘, datefmt=‘%m/%d/%Y %I:%M:%S %p‘)
logging.warning(‘is when this event was logged.‘)
 
#输出
12/12/2010 11:46:36 AM is when this event was logged.

import urllib.request

f = urllib.request.urlopen(‘http://www.webxml.com.cn//webservices/qqOnlineWebService.asmx/qqCheckOnline?qqCode=424662508‘)
result = f.read().decode(‘utf-8‘)
print(result)

import requests

response = requests.get(‘http://www.1234567.com.cn/‘)
response.encoding = ‘utf-8‘
result = response.text

print(result)

#有参数实例
 
import requests
 
payload = {‘key1‘: ‘value1‘, ‘key2‘: ‘value2‘}
ret = requests.get("http://httpbin.org/get", params=payload)
 
print(ret.url)
print(ret.text)

import urllib
import requests
from xml.etree import ElementTree as et

#使用第三方模块requests发送http请求
r = requests.get(‘http://www.webxml.com.cn/WebServices/TrainTimeWebService.asmx/getDetailInfoByTrainCode?TrainCode=G666&UserID=‘)
result = r.text
# print(result)

#解析xml格式内容
root = et.XML(result)
for node in root.iter(‘TrainDetailInfo‘):
    print(node.find(‘TrainStation‘).text,node.find(‘StartTime‘).text,)

import shutil
 
shutil.copyfileobj(open(‘old.xml‘,‘r‘), open(‘new.xml‘, ‘w‘))

shutil.copyfile(‘f1.log‘, ‘f2.log‘)

shutil.copymode(‘f1.log‘, ‘f2.log‘)

shutil.copystat(‘f1.log‘, ‘f2.log‘)

import shutil
 
shutil.copy(‘f1.log‘, ‘f2.log‘)

import shutil
 
shutil.copy2(‘f1.log‘, ‘f2.log‘)

import shutil
 
shutil.copytree(‘folder1‘, ‘folder2‘, ignore=shutil.ignore_patterns(‘*.pyc‘, ‘tmp*‘))

import shutil
 
shutil.rmtree(‘folder1‘)

import shutil
 
shutil.move(‘folder1‘, ‘folder3‘)

#将 /Users/wupeiqi/Downloads/test 下的文件打包放置当前程序目录
import shutil
ret = shutil.make_archive("wwwwwwwwww", ‘gztar‘, root_dir=‘/Users/wupeiqi/Downloads/test‘)
  
  
#将 /Users/wupeiqi/Downloads/test 下的文件打包放置 /Users/wupeiqi/目录
import shutil
ret = shutil.make_archive("/Users/wupeiqi/wwwwwwwwww", ‘gztar‘, root_dir=‘/Users/wupeiqi/Downloads/test‘)