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nose.tools模块提供了一系列的小工具，包括测试执行时间、异常输出及unittest框架中所有的assert功能。
为了使写用例更加容易，nose.tools提供了部分便利的功能函数，下面写几个常用的，如下：
标准的assert，例子如下：
from nose.tools import eq_ def test_lean_2(): print "test_learn_2" ok_(4==3,msg="Error")
运行结果如下：
E:\workspace\nosetest_lear\test_case>nosetests -v test_case_0001:test_lean_2 test_case_0001.test_lean_2 ... FAIL ====================================================================== FAIL: test_case_0001.test_lean_2 ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Traceback (most recent call last): File "c:\python27\lib\site-packages\nose\case.py", line 197, in runTest self.test(*self.arg) File "E:\workspace\nosetest_lear\test_case\test_case_0001.py", line 26, in tes t_lean_2 ok_(4==3,msg="xxx") AssertionError: xxx -------------------- >> begin captured stdout << --------------------- test_learn_2 --------------------- >> end captured stdout << ---------------------- ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Ran 1 test in 0.045s FAILED (failures=1) E:\workspace\nosetest_lear\test_case>
将参数a与b快速对比
from nose.tools import eq_ def test_learn_1(): eq_(5, 6, msg="Wrong")
运行结果如下：
====================================================================== FAIL: test_case_0001.test_learn_1 ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Traceback (most recent call last): File "c:\python27\lib\site-packages\nose\case.py", line 197, in runTest self.test(*self.arg) File "E:\workspace\nosetest_lear\test_case\test_case_0001.py", line 20, in tes t_learn_1 eq_(5, 6, msg="Wrong") AssertionError: Wrong
代码如下：
from nose.tools import assert_in def test_lean_5(): assert_in("aaa",‘bbb‘,msg="test in failed")
运行结果如下：
====================================================================== FAIL: test_case_0002.test_lean_5 ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Traceback (most recent call last): File "c:\python27\lib\site-packages\nose\case.py", line 197, in runTest self.test(*self.arg) File "E:\workspace\nosetest_lear\test_case\test_case_0002.py", line 24, in tes t_lean_5 assert_in("aaa",‘bbb‘,msg="test in failed") AssertionError: test in failed ----------------------------------------------------------------------
其它的assert这里就不说了，nose.tools包含很多内容，可以直接查询。
下面再介绍几个有用的nose.tools工具
-------------单步调试工具，在多个模块，大程序时这个功能好用。内部使用的是pdb.set_trace
代码如下：
from nose.tools import assert_in from nose.tools import set_trace def test_lean_5(): set_trace() assert_in("aaa",‘bbb‘,msg="test in failed")
结果如下：
test_case_0002.test_lean_5 ... > e:\workspace\nosetest_lear\test_case\test_case_ 0002.py(26)test_lean_5() -> assert_in("aaa",‘bbb‘,msg="test in failed") (Pdb) n AssertionError: Assertio...failed‘,) > e:\workspace\nosetest_lear\test_case\test_case_0002.py(26)test_lean_5() -> assert_in("aaa",‘bbb‘,msg="test in failed") (Pdb) n --Return-- > e:\workspace\nosetest_lear\test_case\test_case_0002.py(26)test_lean_5()->None -> assert_in("aaa",‘bbb‘,msg="test in failed") (Pdb) n AssertionError: Assertio...failed‘,) > c:\python27\lib\site-packages\nose\case.py(197)runTest() -> self.test(*self.arg) (Pdb) c FAIL 0002 test teardown ====================================================================== FAIL: test_case_0002.test_lean_5 ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Traceback (most recent call last): File "c:\python27\lib\site-packages\nose\case.py", line 197, in runTest self.test(*self.arg) File "E:\workspace\nosetest_lear\test_case\test_case_0002.py", line 26, in tes t_lean_5 assert_in("aaa",‘bbb‘,msg="test in failed") AssertionError: test in failed
具体的pdb调试手段可参见http://www.cnblogs.com/chencheng/archive/2013/07/07/3161778.html
测试必须在设定的时间内（以秒为单位）完成 ，否则测试失败；代码如下：
from nose.tools import timed import time @timed(1) def test_lean_5(): time.sleep(2) pass
测试结果如下：
test_case_0002.test_lean_5 ... FAIL ====================================================================== FAIL: test_case_0002.test_lean_5 ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Traceback (most recent call last): File "c:\python27\lib\site-packages\nose\case.py", line 197, in runTest self.test(*self.arg) File "c:\python27\lib\site-packages\nose\tools\nontrivial.py", line 100, in ne wfunc raise TimeExpired("Time limit (%s) exceeded" % limit) TimeExpired: Time limit (1) exceeded ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Ran 1 test in 2.006s FAILED (failures=1)
nose.tools中还有设置测试用例是否为要测及不测选项，这里就不介绍了。
下节将介绍nose的内置插件的使用
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原文地址：http://www.cnblogs.com/landhu/p/5664613.html
