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我们将创建一个包含一个学生注册表格的简单应用，用户输入表单提交验证通过 JSR303 的验证注释验证，通过覆盖属性文件可使用国际验证消息的默认消息，还访问静态资源(如应用引导CSS到网页中)。
请注意，JSR303是一种规范，hibernate-validator是我们在这篇文章中使用的一种实现，它也提供了几个不包含在规范中自己的验证注释。
使用以下技术：
我们现在开始！
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<project xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"
xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>com.yiibai.springmvc</groupId>
<artifactId>Spring4MVCFormValidationExample</artifactId>
<packaging>war</packaging>
<version>1.0.0</version>
<name>Spring4MVCFormValidationExample</name>
<properties>
<springframework.version>4.0.6.RELEASE</springframework.version>
<hibernate.validator.version>5.1.2.Final</hibernate.validator.version>
<javax.validation.version>1.1.0.Final</javax.validation.version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<!-- Spring dependencies -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>
<version>${springframework.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
<version>${springframework.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
<version>${springframework.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!-- jsr303 validation dependencies-->
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.validation</groupId>
<artifactId>validation-api</artifactId>
<version>${javax.validation.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
<artifactId>hibernate-validator</artifactId>
<version>${hibernate.validator.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!-- Servlet dependencies -->
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
<artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
<version>3.1.0</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet.jsp</groupId>
<artifactId>javax.servlet.jsp-api</artifactId>
<version>2.3.1</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
<artifactId>jstl</artifactId>
<version>1.2</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<build>
<pluginManagement>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-war-plugin</artifactId>
<version>2.4</version>
<configuration>
<warSourceDirectory>src/main/webapp</warSourceDirectory>
<warName>Spring4MVCFormValidationExample</warName>
<failOnMissingWebXml>false</failOnMissingWebXml>
</configuration>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</pluginManagement>
<finalName>Spring4MVCFormValidationExample</finalName>
</build>
</project>
首先要注意这里是 maven-war-plugin 插件声明。由于我们使用的是全注解配置，我们甚至不包括在 web.xml 中，所以我们需要配置这个插件，以避免Maven构建war包失败。在验证部分 validation-api 代表规范， 而hibernate-validator是本规范的一个实现。hibernate-validator还提供了一些它自己的注解(@Email，@NotEmpty等)不属于规范的一部分。
伴随着这一点，我们也包括JSP/Servlet/Jstl 的依赖关系，也将需要为使用 servlet API和JSTL视图在我们的代码中。在一般情况下，容器可能已经包含了这些库，从而在pom.xml中我们可以设置范围作为“provided”。
访问的对象将充当一个辅助bean的形式保存用户提供签证申请表提交的数据。我们将注释，以验证属性(使用验证注释)。
com.yiibai.springmvc.model.Student
package com.yiibai.springmvc.model;
import java.io.Serializable;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.List;
import javax.validation.constraints.NotNull;
import javax.validation.constraints.Past;
import javax.validation.constraints.Size;
import org.hibernate.validator.constraints.Email;
import org.hibernate.validator.constraints.NotEmpty;
import org.springframework.format.annotation.DateTimeFormat;
public class Student implements Serializable {
@Size(min=3, max=30)
private String firstName;
@Size(min=3, max=30)
private String lastName;
@NotEmpty
private String sex;
@DateTimeFormat(pattern="yyyy-MM-dd")
@Past @NotNull
private Date dob;
@Email @NotEmpty
private String email;
@NotEmpty
private String section;
@NotEmpty
private String country;
private boolean firstAttempt;
@NotEmpty
private List<String> subjects = new ArrayList<String>();
public String getFirstName() {
return firstName;
}
public void setFirstName(String firstName) {
this.firstName = firstName;
}
public String getLastName() {
return lastName;
}
public void setLastName(String lastName) {
this.lastName = lastName;
}
public String getSex() {
return sex;
}
public void setSex(String sex) {
this.sex = sex;
}
public Date getDob() {
return dob;
}
public void setDob(Date dob) {
this.dob = dob;
}
public String getEmail() {
return email;
}
public void setEmail(String email) {
this.email = email;
}
public String getSection() {
return section;
}
public void setSection(String section) {
this.section = section;
}
public String getCountry() {
return country;
}
public void setCountry(String country) {
this.country = country;
}
public boolean isFirstAttempt() {
return firstAttempt;
}
public void setFirstAttempt(boolean firstAttempt) {
this.firstAttempt = firstAttempt;
}
public List<String> getSubjects() {
return subjects;
}
public void setSubjects(List<String> subjects) {
this.subjects = subjects;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Student [firstName=" + firstName + ", lastName=" + lastName
+ ", sex=" + sex + ", dob=" + dob + ", email=" + email
+ ", section=" + section + ", country=" + country
+ ", firstAttempt=" + firstAttempt + ", subjects=" + subjects
+ "]";
}
}
在上面的代码中：@Size, @Past & @NotNull 是标准的标注，而@NotEmpty＆@Emailare是规范的一部分。
com.yiibai.springmvc.controller.HelloWorldController
package com.yiibai.springmvc.controller;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import javax.validation.Valid;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.ui.ModelMap;
import org.springframework.validation.BindingResult;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ModelAttribute;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;
import com.websystique.springmvc.model.Student;
@Controller
@RequestMapping("/")
public class HelloWorldController {
/*
* This method will serve as default GET handler.
*
*/
@RequestMapping(method = RequestMethod.GET)
public String newRegistration(ModelMap model) {
Student student = new Student();
model.addAttribute("student", student);
return "enroll";
}
/*
* This method will be called on form submission, handling POST request
* It also validates the user input
*/
@RequestMapping(method = RequestMethod.POST)
public String saveRegistration(@Valid Student student, BindingResult result, ModelMap model){
if(result.hasErrors()) {
return "enroll";
}
model.addAttribute("success", "Dear "+ student.getFirstName()+" , your Registration completed successfully");
return "success";
}
/*
* Method used to populate the Section list in view.
* Note that here you can call external systems to provide real data.
*/
@ModelAttribute("sections")
public List<String> initializeSections() {
List<String> sections = new ArrayList<String>();
sections.add("Graduate");
sections.add("Post Graduate");
sections.add("Research");
return sections;
}
/*
* Method used to populate the country list in view.
* Note that here you can call external systems to provide real data.
*/
@ModelAttribute("countries")
public List<String> initializeCountries() {
List<String> countries = new ArrayList<String>();
countries.add("USA");
countries.add("CHINA");
countries.add("FRANCE");
countries.add("GERMANY");
countries.add("ITALY");
countries.add("OTHER");
return countries;
}
/*
* Method used to populate the subjects list in view.
* Note that here you can call external systems to provide real data.
*/
@ModelAttribute("subjects")
public List<String> initializeSubjects() {
List<String> subjects = new ArrayList<String>();
subjects.add("Physics");
subjects.add("Chemistry");
subjects.add("Life Science");
subjects.add("Political Science");
subjects.add("Computer Science");
subjects.add("Mathmatics");
return subjects;
}
}
@Controller表明这个类是一个控制器在处理具有模式映射的@RequestMapping请求。这里使用 ‘/’, 它被作为默认的控制器。方法newRegistration是相当简单的，注解为@ RequestMethod.GET服务默认是GET请求，使用模型对象，以服务为形式的数据，并呈现包含空白表单的网页。
方法saveRegistration 标注有@ RequestMethod.POST，并将处理表单提交POST请求。注意本方法的参数和它们的顺序。
@Valid要求spring来验证相关的对象(学生)。 BindingResult包含此验证，并可能在此验证过程中发生(产生)任何错误的结果。请注意，BindingResult一定要在之后立即生效对象，否则spring将无法验证并且将一个异常抛出。
注意，在校验失败后，默认/广义错误消息显示在屏幕上这可能不是所期望的。相反，可以重写此行为提供具体到每个字段中国际化消息。为了做到这一点，我们需要配置 MessageSource 在应用程序配置类，并提供包含我们下一步将配置实际的信息属性文件。
com.yiibai.springmvc.configuration.HelloWorldConfiguration
package com.yiibai.springmvc.configuration;
import org.springframework.context.MessageSource;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.context.support.ResourceBundleMessageSource;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ViewResolver;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.EnableWebMvc;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.ResourceHandlerRegistry;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.WebMvcConfigurerAdapter;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.view.JstlView;
@Configuration
@EnableWebMvc
@ComponentScan(basePackages = "com.yiibai.springmvc")
public class HelloWorldConfiguration extends WebMvcConfigurerAdapter {
/*
* Configure View Resolver
*/
@Bean
public ViewResolver viewResolver() {
InternalResourceViewResolver viewResolver = new InternalResourceViewResolver();
viewResolver.setViewClass(JstlView.class);
viewResolver.setPrefix("/WEB-INF/views/");
viewResolver.setSuffix(".jsp");
return viewResolver;
}
/*
* Configure ResourceHandlers to serve static resources like CSS/ Javascript etc...
*
*/
@Override
public void addResourceHandlers(ResourceHandlerRegistry registry) {
registry.addResourceHandler("/static/**").addResourceLocations("/static/");
}
/*
* Configure MessageSource to provide internationalized messages
*
*/
@Bean
public MessageSource messageSource() {
ResourceBundleMessageSource messageSource = new ResourceBundleMessageSource();
messageSource.setBasename("messages");
return messageSource;
}
}
@Configuration指示该类包含注解为@Bean生产Bean管理是由Spring容器的一个或多个 bean 的方法。@EnableWebMvc 等效于 mvc:annotation-driven 在XML文件中。它能够为使用@RequestMapping 向特定的方法传入的请求映射@Controller-annotated类。 @ComponentScan 等效于 context:component-scan base-package="..." 提供具有到哪里查找管理Spring beans/类。
方法 ViewResolver 配置一个 ViewResolver 用来找出真正的视图。方法 addResourceHandlers 配置 ResourceHandler 静态资源。CSS, JavaScript, images 等都是静态的资源在你的页面里。上面的配置表示，所有的资源请求开始/static/，将从webapps文件夹下提供/static/。在这个例子中，我们把所有的css文件放在 Web应用程序的 /static/css 目录中。注意，此方法在 WebMvcConfigurerAdapter 中定义，因此我们需要扩展这个类来注册我们的静态资源覆盖此方法。
方法为 messageSource 配置消息包，以支持[国际化]消息属性文件。请注意方法 baseName 提供的参数(消息)。Spring 将搜索应用程序类路径中一个名为messages.properties文件。让我们添加的文件：
src/main/resources/messages.properties
Size.student.firstName=First Name must be between {2} and {1} characters long
Size.student.lastName=Last Name must be between {2} and {1} characters long
NotEmpty.student.sex=Please specify your gender
NotNull.student.dob=Date of birth can not be blank
Past.student.dob=Date of birth must be in the past
Email.student.email=Please provide a valid Email address
NotEmpty.student.email=Email can not be blank
NotEmpty.student.country=Please select your country
NotEmpty.student.section=Please select your section
NotEmpty.student.subjects=Please select at least one subject
typeMismatch=Invalid format
{ValidationAnnotationClass}.{modelObject}.{fieldName}
此外，根据具体的注释(如@Size)，也可以用传递参数给这些消息：{0},{1},..{i}
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.0.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-4.0.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.0.xsd">
<context:component-scan base-package="com.yiibai.springmvc" />
<mvc:annotation-driven/>
<mvc:resources mapping="/static/**" location="/static/" />
<mvc:default-servlet-handler />
<bean id="messageSource" class="org.springframework.context.support.ResourceBundleMessageSource">
<property name="basename">
<value>messages</value>
</property>
</bean>
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
<property name="prefix">
<value>/WEB-INF/views/</value>
</property>
<property name="suffix">
<value>.jsp</value>
</property>
</bean>
</beans>
我们将添加两个简单的JSP页面。第一个将包含一个表单，从用户接收输入， 而第二个在当表单输入验证成功时会显示成功消息给用户。
<link href="<c:url value=‘/static/css/bootstrap.css‘ />" rel="stylesheet"></link>
注意静态资源路径。既然我们已经在前面的步骤配置资源处理程序 /static/**, css文件将搜索 /static/文件夹。
WEB-INF/views/enroll.jsp
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=utf-8"
pageEncoding="utf-8"%>
<%@ taglib prefix="form" uri="http://www.springframework.org/tags/form"%>
<%@ taglib prefix="c" uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" %>
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">
<title>Student Enrollment Form</title>
<link href="<c:url value=‘/static/css/bootstrap.css‘ />" rel="stylesheet"></link>
<link href="<c:url value=‘/static/css/custom.css‘ />" rel="stylesheet"></link>
</head>
<body>
<div class="form-container">
<h1>Enrollment Form</h1>
<form:form method="POST" modelAttribute="student" class="form-horizontal">
<div class="row">
<div class="form-group col-md-12">
<label class="col-md-3 control-lable" for="firstName">First Name</label>
<div class="col-md-7">
<form:input type="text" path="firstName" id="firstName" class="form-control input-sm"/>
<div class="has-error">
<form:errors path="firstName" class="help-inline"/>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="form-group col-md-12">
<label class="col-md-3 control-lable" for="lastName">Last Name</label>
<div class="col-md-7">
<form:input type="text" path="lastName" id="lastName" class="form-control input-sm"/>
<div class="has-error">
<form:errors path="lastName" class="help-inline"/>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="form-group col-md-12">
<label class="col-md-3 control-lable" for="sex">Sex</label>
<div class="col-md-7" class="form-control input-sm">
<form:radiobutton path="sex" value="M" />Male
<form:radiobutton path="sex" value="F" />Female
<div class="has-error">
<form:errors path="sex" class="help-inline"/>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="form-group col-md-12">
<label class="col-md-3 control-lable" for="dob">Date of birth</label>
<div class="col-md-7">
<form:input type="text" path="dob" id="dob" class="form-control input-sm"/>
<div class="has-error">
<form:errors path="dob" class="help-inline"/>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="form-group col-md-12">
<label class="col-md-3 control-lable" for="email">Email</label>
<div class="col-md-7">
<form:input type="text" path="email" id="email" class="form-control input-sm"/>
<div class="has-error">
<form:errors path="email" class="help-inline"/>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="form-group col-md-12">
<label class="col-md-3 control-lable" for="section">Section</label>
<div class="col-md-7" class="form-control input-sm">
<form:radiobuttons path="section" items="${sections}" />
<div class="has-error">
<form:errors path="section" class="help-inline"/>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="form-group col-md-12">
<label class="col-md-3 control-lable" for="country">Country</label>
<div class="col-md-7">
<form:select path="country" id="country" class="form-control input-sm">
<form:option value="">Select Country</form:option>
<form:options items="${countries}" />
</form:select>
<div class="has-error">
<form:errors path="country" class="help-inline"/>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="form-group col-md-12">
<label class="col-md-3 control-lable" for="firstAttempt">First Attempt ?</label>
<div class="col-md-1">
<form:checkbox path="firstAttempt" class="form-control input-sm"/>
<div class="has-error">
<form:errors path="firstAttempt" class="help-inline"/>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="form-group col-md-12">
<label class="col-md-3 control-lable" for="subjects">Subjects</label>
<div class="col-md-7">
<form:select path="subjects" items="${subjects}" multiple="true" class="form-control input-sm"/>
<div class="has-error">
<form:errors path="subjects" class="help-inline"/>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="form-actions floatRight">
<input type="submit" value="Register" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">
</div>
</div>
</form:form>
</div>
</body>
</html>
WEB-INF/views/success.jsp
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1"
pageEncoding="ISO-8859-1"%>
<%@ taglib prefix="c" uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" %>
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1">
<title>Student Enrollment Detail Confirmation</title>
<link href="<c:url value=‘/static/css/custom.css‘ />" rel="stylesheet"></link>
</head>
<body>
<div class="success">
Confirmation message : ${success}
<br>
We have also sent you a confirmation mail to your email address : ${student.email}.
</div>
</body>
</html>
com.yiibai.springmvc.configuration.HelloWorldInitializer
package com.yiibai.springmvc.configuration;
import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.ServletRegistration;
import org.springframework.web.WebApplicationInitializer;
import org.springframework.web.context.support.AnnotationConfigWebApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet;
public class HelloWorldInitializer implements WebApplicationInitializer {
public void onStartup(ServletContext container) throws ServletException {
AnnotationConfigWebApplicationContext ctx = new AnnotationConfigWebApplicationContext();
ctx.register(HelloWorldConfiguration.class);
ctx.setServletContext(container);
ServletRegistration.Dynamic servlet = container.addServlet(
"dispatcher", new DispatcherServlet(ctx));
servlet.setLoadOnStartup(1);
servlet.addMapping("/");
}
}
内容上面类似之前教程的 web.xml 文件内容，因为我们使用的是前端控制器的DispatcherServlet，分配映射(URL模式的XML)和而不是提供给Spring配置文件(spring-servlet.xml)的路径，在这里，我们使用注册配置类。
更新：请注意，上面的类可以写成更加简洁[和这是最佳方法]，通过扩展 AbstractAnnotationConfigDispatcherServletInitializer 基类,如下所示：
package com.websystique.springmvc.configuration;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.support.AbstractAnnotationConfigDispatcherServletInitializer;
public class HelloWorldInitializer extends AbstractAnnotationConfigDispatcherServletInitializer {
@Override
protected Class<?>[] getRootConfigClasses() {
return new Class[] { HelloWorldConfiguration.class };
}
@Override
protected Class<?>[] getServletConfigClasses() {
return null;
}
@Override
protected String[] getServletMappings() {
return new String[] { "/" };
}
}
有一点要记住，如：WebApplicationInitializer，Spring 基于Java 配置API是依赖Servlet3.0容器的。所以一定要确保你没有使用 Servlet 声明任何在 web.xml 小于3.0。对于我们的情况，我们要从应用程序中删除 web.xml 文件。
现在构建war 或通过Maven 命令行(mvn clean install)。 部署 war 到Servlet3.0容器。
到这里，完成！
代码下载：http://pan.baidu.com/s/1nukn6HV
标签：
原文地址：http://www.cnblogs.com/hiberk/p/5721657.html
