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C#读取Excel技术概览

时间:2016-08-08 22:32:32      阅读:560      评论:0      收藏:0      [点我收藏+]

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参考文章 C#读取Excel的五种方式体会

1、 OleDb

用这种方法读取Excel速度还是非常的快的,但这种方式读取数据的时候不太灵活。不过可以在 DataTable 中对数据进行一些删减、修改。这种方式将Excel作为一个数据源,直接用Sql语句获取数据了。所以读取之前要知道此次要读取的Sheet(当然也可以用序号,类似dt.Row[0][0]。这样倒是不需要知道Sheet).

if (fileType == ".xls")  
   connStr = "Provider=Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0;" + "Data Source=" + fileName + ";" + ";Extended Properties=\"Excel 8.0;HDR=YES;IMEX=1\"";  
else 
   connStr = "Provider=Microsoft.ACE.OLEDB.12.0;" + "Data Source=" + fileName + ";" + ";Extended Properties=\"Excel 12.0;HDR=YES;IMEX=1\"";  

OleDbConnection conn = new OleDbConnection(connStr);  
DataTable dtSheetName = conn.GetOleDbSchemaTable(OleDbSchemaGuid.Tables, new object[] { null, null, null, "TABLE" });

以上是读取Excel的Sheet名,xls和xlsx的连接字符串也不一样的,可以根据文件的后缀来区别。这里需要注意的一点,Excel里面只有一个Sheet,但通过这种方式读取Sheet可能会大于一个。

在使用过程中发现取出的Sheet和实际excel不一致, 会多出不少。目前总结后有两种情况:

1. 取出的名称中,包括了XL命名管理器中的名称(参见XL2007的公式的命名管理器,【Crtl+F3】);

2. 取出的名称中,包括了FilterDatabase后缀。这是XL用来记录Filter范围的;

对于第一点比较简单, 删除已有命名管理器中的内容即可;第二点处理起来比较麻烦, Filter删除后这些名称依然保留着,简单的做法是新增sheet;然后将原sheet Copy进去。但实际情况并不能为每个Excel做以上检查。下面给出了过滤的方案,当时还是有点问题,本来补充了一点。总之先看代码吧:

技术分享
for (int i = 0; i < dtSheetName.Rows.Count; i++)  
{
    SheetName = (string)dtSheetName.Rows[i]["TABLE_NAME"]; 
    if (SheetName .Contains("$") && !SheetName .Replace("", "").EndsWith("$"))
    continue; //过滤无效SheetName完毕....
 
    da.SelectCommand = new OleDbCommand(String.Format(sql_F, tblName), conn);  
    DataSet dsItem = new DataSet();  
    da.Fill(dsItem, tblName);  
}
View Code

因为读取出来无效SheetName一般情况最后一个字符都不会是$。如果SheetName有一些特殊符号,读取出来的SheetName会自动加上单引号,比如在Excel中将SheetName编辑成:MySheet(1),此时读取出来的SheetName就 为:‘MySheet(1)$‘,所以判断最后一个字符是不是$之前最好过滤一下单引号。

优点:读取方式简单、读取速度快

缺点:除了读取过程不太灵活之外,这种读取方式还有个弊端就是,当Excel数据量很大时。会非常占用内存,当内存不够时会抛出内存溢出的异常。

不过一般情况下还是非常不错的,以下是完整代码。

技术分享
        /// <summary>  
        /// 读取Excel文件到DataSet中  
        /// </summary>  
        /// <param name="filePath">文件路径</param>  
        /// <returns></returns>  
        public static DataSet ToDataTable(string filePath)  
        {  
            string connStr = "";             
            string fileType = System.IO.Path.GetExtension(fileName);  
            if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(fileType)) return null;  
   
            if (fileType == ".xls")  
                connStr = "Provider=Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0;" + "Data Source=" + filePath+ ";" + ";Extended Properties=\"Excel 8.0;HDR=YES;IMEX=1\"";  
            else 
                connStr = "Provider=Microsoft.ACE.OLEDB.12.0;" + "Data Source=" + filePath+ ";" + ";Extended Properties=\"Excel 12.0;HDR=YES;IMEX=1\"";  
            string sql_F = "Select * FROM [{0}]";  
   
            OleDbConnection conn = null;  
            OleDbDataAdapter da = null;  
            DataTable dtSheetName= null;  
   
            DataSet ds = new DataSet();  
            try 
            {  
                // 初始化连接,并打开  
                conn = new OleDbConnection(connStr);  
                conn.Open();  
   
                // 获取数据源的表定义元数据                         
                string SheetName = "";  
                dtSheetName= conn.GetOleDbSchemaTable(OleDbSchemaGuid.Tables, new object[] { null, null, null, "TABLE" });  
   
                // 初始化适配器  
                da = new OleDbDataAdapter();  
                for (int i = 0; i < dtSheetName.Rows.Count; i++)  
                {  
                    SheetName = (string)dtSheetName.Rows[i]["TABLE_NAME"];  
   
                    if (SheetName .Contains("$") && !SheetName .Replace("", "").EndsWith("$"))  
                    {  
                        continue;  
                    }  
   
                    da.SelectCommand = new OleDbCommand(String.Format(sql_F, SheetName ), conn);  
                    DataSet dsItem = new DataSet();  
                    da.Fill(dsItem, tblName);  
   
                    ds.Tables.Add(dsItem.Tables[0].Copy());  
                }  
            }  
            catch (Exception ex)  
            {  
            }  
            finally 
            {  
                // 关闭连接  
                if (conn.State == ConnectionState.Open)  
                {  
                    conn.Close();  
                    da.Dispose();  
                    conn.Dispose();  
                }  
            }  
            return ds;  
        } 
     
读取Excel完整代码

 

2、Com组件的方式读取Excel

这种方式需要先引用 Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel 。首选说下这种方式的优缺点:

优点:可以非常灵活的读取Excel中的数据

缺点:如果是Web站点部署在IIS上时,还需要服务器机子已安装了Excel,有时候还需要为配置IIS权限。最重要的一点因为是基于单元格方式 读取的,所以数据很慢(曾做过试验,直接读取千行、200多列的文件,直接读取耗时15分钟。即使采用多线程分段读取来提高CPU的利用率也需要8分钟。 PS:CPU I3)

需要读取大文件的的童鞋们慎重。。。

技术分享
public class ExcelOptions  
    {  
        private Stopwatch wath = new Stopwatch();  
   
        /// <summary>  
        /// 使用COM读取Excel  
        /// </summary>  
        /// <param name="excelFilePath">路径</param>  
        /// <returns>DataTabel</returns>  
        public System.Data.DataTable GetExcelData(string excelFilePath)  
        {  
            Excel.Application app = new Excel.Application();  
            Excel.Sheets sheets;  
            Excel.Workbook workbook = null;  
            object oMissiong = System.Reflection.Missing.Value;  
            System.Data.DataTable dt = new System.Data.DataTable();  
   
            wath.Start();  
   
            try 
            {  
                if (app == null)  
                {  
                    return null;  
                }  
   
                workbook = app.Workbooks.Open(excelFilePath, oMissiong, oMissiong, oMissiong, oMissiong, oMissiong, oMissiong, oMissiong, oMissiong, oMissiong, oMissiong, oMissiong, oMissiong, oMissiong, oMissiong);  
   
                //将数据读入到DataTable中——Start    
   
                sheets = workbook.Worksheets;  
                Excel.Worksheet worksheet = (Excel.Worksheet)sheets.get_Item(1);//读取第一张表  
                if (worksheet == null)  
                    return null;  
   
                string cellContent;  
                int iRowCount = worksheet.UsedRange.Rows.Count;  
                int iColCount = worksheet.UsedRange.Columns.Count;  
                Excel.Range range;  
   
                //负责列头Start  
                DataColumn dc;  
                int ColumnID = 1;  
                range = (Excel.Range)worksheet.Cells[1, 1];  
                while (range.Text.ToString().Trim() != "")  
                {  
                    dc = new DataColumn();  
                    dc.DataType = System.Type.GetType("System.String");  
                    dc.ColumnName = range.Text.ToString().Trim();  
                    dt.Columns.Add(dc);  
   
                    range = (Excel.Range)worksheet.Cells[1, ++ColumnID];  
                }  
                //End  
   
                for (int iRow = 2; iRow <= iRowCount; iRow++)  
                {  
                    DataRow dr = dt.NewRow();  
   
                    for (int iCol = 1; iCol <= iColCount; iCol++)  
                    {  
                        range = (Excel.Range)worksheet.Cells[iRow, iCol];  
   
                        cellContent = (range.Value2 == null) ? "" : range.Text.ToString();  
   
                        //if (iRow == 1)  
                        //{  
                        //    dt.Columns.Add(cellContent);  
                        //}  
                        //else  
                        //{  
                            dr[iCol - 1] = cellContent;  
                        //}  
                    }  
   
                    //if (iRow != 1)  
                    dt.Rows.Add(dr);  
                }  
   
                wath.Stop();  
                TimeSpan ts = wath.Elapsed;  
   
                //将数据读入到DataTable中——End  
                return dt;  
            }  
            catch 
            {  
                   
                return null;  
            }  
            finally 
            {  
                workbook.Close(false, oMissiong, oMissiong);  
                System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal.ReleaseComObject(workbook);  
                workbook = null;  
                app.Workbooks.Close();  
                app.Quit();  
                System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal.ReleaseComObject(app);  
                app = null;  
                GC.Collect();  
                GC.WaitForPendingFinalizers();  
            }  
        }  
   
   
        /// <summary>  
        /// 使用COM,多线程读取Excel(1 主线程、4 副线程)  
        /// </summary>  
        /// <param name="excelFilePath">路径</param>  
        /// <returns>DataTabel</returns>  
        public System.Data.DataTable ThreadReadExcel(string excelFilePath)  
        {  
            Excel.Application app = new Excel.Application();  
            Excel.Sheets sheets = null;  
            Excel.Workbook workbook = null;  
            object oMissiong = System.Reflection.Missing.Value;  
            System.Data.DataTable dt = new System.Data.DataTable();  
   
            wath.Start();  
   
            try 
            {  
                if (app == null)  
                {  
                    return null;  
                }  
   
                workbook = app.Workbooks.Open(excelFilePath, oMissiong, oMissiong, oMissiong, oMissiong, oMissiong, oMissiong, oMissiong, oMissiong, oMissiong, oMissiong, oMissiong, oMissiong, oMissiong, oMissiong);  
   
                //将数据读入到DataTable中——Start    
                sheets = workbook.Worksheets;  
                Excel.Worksheet worksheet = (Excel.Worksheet)sheets.get_Item(1);//读取第一张表  
                if (worksheet == null)  
                    return null;  
   
                string cellContent;  
                int iRowCount = worksheet.UsedRange.Rows.Count;  
                int iColCount = worksheet.UsedRange.Columns.Count;  
                Excel.Range range;  
   
                //负责列头Start  
                DataColumn dc;  
                int ColumnID = 1;  
                range = (Excel.Range)worksheet.Cells[1, 1];  
                //while (range.Text.ToString().Trim() != "")  
                while (iColCount >= ColumnID)  
                {  
                    dc = new DataColumn();  
                    dc.DataType = System.Type.GetType("System.String");  
   
                    string strNewColumnName = range.Text.ToString().Trim();  
                    if (strNewColumnName.Length == 0) strNewColumnName = "_1";  
                    //判断列名是否重复  
                    for (int i = 1; i < ColumnID; i++)  
                    {  
                        if (dt.Columns[i - 1].ColumnName == strNewColumnName)  
                            strNewColumnName = strNewColumnName + "_1";  
                    }  
   
                    dc.ColumnName = strNewColumnName;  
                    dt.Columns.Add(dc);  
   
                    range = (Excel.Range)worksheet.Cells[1, ++ColumnID];  
                }  
                //End  
   
                //数据大于500条,使用多进程进行读取数据  
                if (iRowCount - 1 > 500)  
                {  
                    //开始多线程读取数据  
                    //新建线程  
                    int b2 = (iRowCount - 1) / 10;  
                    DataTable dt1 = new DataTable("dt1");  
                    dt1 = dt.Clone();  
                    SheetOptions sheet1thread = new SheetOptions(worksheet, iColCount, 2, b2 + 1, dt1);  
                    Thread othread1 = new Thread(new ThreadStart(sheet1thread.SheetToDataTable));  
                    othread1.Start();  
   
                    //阻塞 1 毫秒,保证第一个读取 dt1  
                    Thread.Sleep(1);  
   
                    DataTable dt2 = new DataTable("dt2");  
                    dt2 = dt.Clone();  
                    SheetOptions sheet2thread = new SheetOptions(worksheet, iColCount, b2 + 2, b2 * 2 + 1, dt2);  
                    Thread othread2 = new Thread(new ThreadStart(sheet2thread.SheetToDataTable));  
                    othread2.Start();  
   
                    DataTable dt3 = new DataTable("dt3");  
                    dt3 = dt.Clone();  
                    SheetOptions sheet3thread = new SheetOptions(worksheet, iColCount, b2 * 2 + 2, b2 * 3 + 1, dt3);  
                    Thread othread3 = new Thread(new ThreadStart(sheet3thread.SheetToDataTable));  
                    othread3.Start();  
   
                    DataTable dt4 = new DataTable("dt4");  
                    dt4 = dt.Clone();  
                    SheetOptions sheet4thread = new SheetOptions(worksheet, iColCount, b2 * 3 + 2, b2 * 4 + 1, dt4);  
                    Thread othread4 = new Thread(new ThreadStart(sheet4thread.SheetToDataTable));  
                    othread4.Start();  
   
                    //主线程读取剩余数据  
                    for (int iRow = b2 * 4 + 2; iRow <= iRowCount; iRow++)  
                    {  
                        DataRow dr = dt.NewRow();  
                        for (int iCol = 1; iCol <= iColCount; iCol++)  
                        {  
                            range = (Excel.Range)worksheet.Cells[iRow, iCol];  
                            cellContent = (range.Value2 == null) ? "" : range.Text.ToString();  
                            dr[iCol - 1] = cellContent;  
                        }  
                        dt.Rows.Add(dr);  
                    }  
   
                    othread1.Join();  
                    othread2.Join();  
                    othread3.Join();  
                    othread4.Join();  
   
                    //将多个线程读取出来的数据追加至 dt1 后面  
                    foreach (DataRow dr in dt.Rows)  
                        dt1.Rows.Add(dr.ItemArray);  
                    dt.Clear();  
                    dt.Dispose();  
   
                    foreach (DataRow dr in dt2.Rows)  
                        dt1.Rows.Add(dr.ItemArray);  
                    dt2.Clear();  
                    dt2.Dispose();  
   
                    foreach (DataRow dr in dt3.Rows)  
                        dt1.Rows.Add(dr.ItemArray);  
                    dt3.Clear();  
                    dt3.Dispose();  
   
                    foreach (DataRow dr in dt4.Rows)  
                        dt1.Rows.Add(dr.ItemArray);  
                    dt4.Clear();  
                    dt4.Dispose();  
   
                    return dt1;  
                }  
                else 
                {  
                    for (int iRow = 2; iRow <= iRowCount; iRow++)  
                    {  
                        DataRow dr = dt.NewRow();  
                        for (int iCol = 1; iCol <= iColCount; iCol++)  
                        {  
                            range = (Excel.Range)worksheet.Cells[iRow, iCol];  
                            cellContent = (range.Value2 == null) ? "" : range.Text.ToString();  
                            dr[iCol - 1] = cellContent;  
                        }  
                        dt.Rows.Add(dr);  
                    }  
                }  
   
                wath.Stop();  
                TimeSpan ts = wath.Elapsed;  
                //将数据读入到DataTable中——End  
                return dt;  
            }  
            catch 
            {  
   
                return null;  
            }  
            finally 
            {  
                workbook.Close(false, oMissiong, oMissiong);  
                System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal.ReleaseComObject(workbook);  
                System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal.ReleaseComObject(sheets);  
                workbook = null;  
                app.Workbooks.Close();  
                app.Quit();  
                System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal.ReleaseComObject(app);  
                app = null;  
                GC.Collect();  
                GC.WaitForPendingFinalizers();  
                   
                /*  
                object objmissing = System.Reflection.Missing.Value;  
   
Excel.ApplicationClass application = new ApplicationClass();  
Excel.Workbook book = application.Workbooks.Add(objmissing);  
Excel.Worksheet sheet = (Excel.Worksheet)book.Worksheets.Add(objmissing,objmissing,objmissing,objmissing);  
   
//操作过程 ^&%&×&……&%&&……  
   
//释放  
sheet.SaveAs(path,objmissing,objmissing,objmissing,objmissing,objmissing,objmissing,objmissing,objmissing);  
System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal.ReleaseComObject((object)sheet);  
System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal.ReleaseComObject((object)book);  
application.Quit();  
System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal.ReleaseComObject((object)application);  
System.GC.Collect();  
                 */ 
            }  
        }  
   
   
        /// <summary>  
        /// 删除Excel行  
        /// </summary>  
        /// <param name="excelFilePath">Excel路径</param>  
        /// <param name="rowStart">开始行</param>  
        /// <param name="rowEnd">结束行</param>  
        /// <param name="designationRow">指定行</param>  
        /// <returns></returns>  
        public string DeleteRows(string excelFilePath, int rowStart, int rowEnd, int designationRow)  
        {  
            string result = "";  
            Excel.Application app = new Excel.Application();  
            Excel.Sheets sheets;  
            Excel.Workbook workbook = null;  
            object oMissiong = System.Reflection.Missing.Value;  
            try 
            {  
                if (app == null)  
                {  
                    return "分段读取Excel失败";  
                }  
   
                workbook = app.Workbooks.Open(excelFilePath, oMissiong, oMissiong, oMissiong, oMissiong, oMissiong, oMissiong, oMissiong, oMissiong, oMissiong, oMissiong, oMissiong, oMissiong, oMissiong, oMissiong);  
                sheets = workbook.Worksheets;  
                Excel.Worksheet worksheet = (Excel.Worksheet)sheets.get_Item(1);//读取第一张表  
                if (worksheet == null)  
                    return result;  
                Excel.Range range;  
   
                //先删除指定行,一般为列描述  
                if (designationRow != -1)  
                {  
                    range = (Excel.Range)worksheet.Rows[designationRow, oMissiong];  
                    range.Delete(Excel.XlDeleteShiftDirection.xlShiftUp);  
                }  
                Stopwatch sw = new Stopwatch();  
                sw.Start();  
   
                int i = rowStart;  
                for (int iRow = rowStart; iRow <= rowEnd; iRow++, i++)  
                {  
                    range = (Excel.Range)worksheet.Rows[rowStart, oMissiong];  
                    range.Delete(Excel.XlDeleteShiftDirection.xlShiftUp);  
                }  
   
                sw.Stop();  
                TimeSpan ts = sw.Elapsed;  
                workbook.Save();  
   
                //将数据读入到DataTable中——End  
                return result;  
            }  
            catch 
            {  
   
                return "分段读取Excel失败";  
            }  
            finally 
            {  
                workbook.Close(false, oMissiong, oMissiong);  
                System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal.ReleaseComObject(workbook);  
                workbook = null;  
                app.Workbooks.Close();  
                app.Quit();  
                System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal.ReleaseComObject(app);  
                app = null;  
                GC.Collect();  
                GC.WaitForPendingFinalizers();  
            }  
        }  
   
        public void ToExcelSheet(DataSet ds, string fileName)  
        {  
            Excel.Application appExcel = new Excel.Application();  
            Excel.Workbook workbookData = null;  
            Excel.Worksheet worksheetData;  
            Excel.Range range;  
            try 
            {  
                workbookData = appExcel.Workbooks.Add(System.Reflection.Missing.Value);  
                appExcel.DisplayAlerts = false;//不显示警告  
                //xlApp.Visible = true;//excel是否可见  
                //  
                //for (int i = workbookData.Worksheets.Count; i > 0; i--)  
                //{  
                //    Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Worksheet oWorksheet = (Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Worksheet)workbookData.Worksheets.get_Item(i);  
                //    oWorksheet.Select();  
                //    oWorksheet.Delete();  
                //}  
   
                for (int k = 0; k < ds.Tables.Count; k++)  
                {  
                    worksheetData = (Excel.Worksheet)workbookData.Worksheets.Add(System.Reflection.Missing.Value, System.Reflection.Missing.Value, System.Reflection.Missing.Value, System.Reflection.Missing.Value);  
                    // testnum--;  
                    if (ds.Tables[k] != null)  
                    {  
                        worksheetData.Name = ds.Tables[k].TableName;  
                        //写入标题  
                        for (int i = 0; i < ds.Tables[k].Columns.Count; i++)  
                        {  
                            worksheetData.Cells[1, i + 1] = ds.Tables[k].Columns[i].ColumnName;  
                            range = (Excel.Range)worksheetData.Cells[1, i + 1];  
                            //range.Interior.ColorIndex = 15;  
                            range.Font.Bold = true;  
                            range.NumberFormatLocal = "@";//文本格式  
                            range.EntireColumn.AutoFit();//自动调整列宽  
                            // range.WrapText = true; //文本自动换行    
                            range.ColumnWidth = 15;  
                        }  
                        //写入数值  
                        for (int r = 0; r < ds.Tables[k].Rows.Count; r++)  
                        {  
                            for (int i = 0; i < ds.Tables[k].Columns.Count; i++)  
                            {  
                                worksheetData.Cells[r + 2, i + 1] = ds.Tables[k].Rows[r][i];  
                                //Range myrange = worksheetData.get_Range(worksheetData.Cells[r + 2, i + 1], worksheetData.Cells[r + 3, i + 2]);  
                                //myrange.NumberFormatLocal = "@";//文本格式  
                                //// myrange.EntireColumn.AutoFit();//自动调整列宽  
                                ////   myrange.WrapText = true; //文本自动换行    
                                //myrange.ColumnWidth = 15;  
                            }  
                            //  rowRead++;  
                            //System.Windows.Forms.Application.DoEvents();  
                        }  
                    }  
                    worksheetData.Columns.EntireColumn.AutoFit();  
                    workbookData.Saved = true;  
                }  
            }  
            catch (Exception ex) { }  
            finally 
            {  
                workbookData.SaveCopyAs(fileName);  
                workbookData.Close(false, System.Reflection.Missing.Value, System.Reflection.Missing.Value);  
                appExcel.Quit();  
                GC.Collect();  
            }  
        }  
       
    }
单线程和多线程读取类

 

3、NPOI方式读取Excel

NPOI是一组开源的组件,类似Java的 POI。包括:NPOI、NPOI.HPSF、NPOI.HSSF、NPOI.HSSF.UserModel、NPOI.POIFS、NPOI.Util,下载的时候别只下一个噢

优点:读取Excel速度较快,读取方式操作灵活性

缺点:只支持03的Excel,xlsx的无法读取。由于这点,使用这种方式的人不多啊,没理由要求客户使用03版Excel吧,再说03版Excel对于行数还有限制,只支持65536行。

(听他们的开发人员说会在2012年底推出新版,支持xlsx的读取。但一直很忙没时间去关注这个事情,有兴趣的同学可以瞧瞧去)

技术分享
using System;  
using System.Data;  
using System.IO;  
using System.Web;  
using NPOI;  
using NPOI.HPSF;  
using NPOI.HSSF;  
using NPOI.HSSF.UserModel;  
using NPOI.POIFS;  
using NPOI.Util;  
using System.Text;  
using System.Configuration;  
   
public class NPOIHelper  
{  
    private static int ExcelMaxRow = Convert.ToInt32(ConfigurationManager.AppSettings["ExcelMaxRow"]);  
    /// <summary>  
    /// 由DataSet导出Excel  
    /// </summary>  
    /// <param name="sourceTable">要导出数据的DataTable</param>     
    /// <param name="sheetName">工作表名称</param>  
    /// <returns>Excel工作表</returns>     
    private static Stream ExportDataSetToExcel(DataSet sourceDs)  
    {  
        HSSFWorkbook workbook = new HSSFWorkbook();  
        MemoryStream ms = new MemoryStream();  
   
        for (int i = 0; i < sourceDs.Tables.Count; i++)  
        {  
            HSSFSheet sheet = (HSSFSheet)workbook.CreateSheet(sourceDs.Tables[i].TableName);  
            HSSFRow headerRow = (HSSFRow)sheet.CreateRow(0);  
            // handling header.             
            foreach (DataColumn column in sourceDs.Tables[i].Columns)  
                headerRow.CreateCell(column.Ordinal).SetCellValue(column.ColumnName);  
            // handling value.             
            int rowIndex = 1;  
            foreach (DataRow row in sourceDs.Tables[i].Rows)  
            {  
                HSSFRow dataRow = (HSSFRow)sheet.CreateRow(rowIndex);  
                foreach (DataColumn column in sourceDs.Tables[i].Columns)  
                {  
                    dataRow.CreateCell(column.Ordinal).SetCellValue(row[column].ToString());  
                }  
                rowIndex++;  
            }  
        }  
        workbook.Write(ms);  
        ms.Flush();  
        ms.Position = 0;  
        workbook = null;  
        return ms;  
    }  
    /// <summary>  
    /// 由DataSet导出Excel  
    /// </summary>    
    /// <param name="sourceTable">要导出数据的DataTable</param>  
    /// <param name="fileName">指定Excel工作表名称</param>  
    /// <returns>Excel工作表</returns>     
    public static void ExportDataSetToExcel(DataSet sourceDs, string fileName)  
    {  
        //检查是否有Table数量超过65325  
        for (int t = 0; t < sourceDs.Tables.Count; t++)  
        {  
            if (sourceDs.Tables[t].Rows.Count > ExcelMaxRow)  
            {  
                DataSet ds = GetdtGroup(sourceDs.Tables[t].Copy());  
                sourceDs.Tables.RemoveAt(t);  
                //将得到的ds插入 sourceDs中  
                for (int g = 0; g < ds.Tables.Count; g++)  
                {  
                    DataTable dt = ds.Tables[g].Copy();  
                    sourceDs.Tables.Add(dt);  
                }  
                t--;  
            }  
        }  
   
        MemoryStream ms = ExportDataSetToExcel(sourceDs) as MemoryStream;  
        HttpContext.Current.Response.AppendHeader("Content-Disposition", "attachment;filename=" + fileName);  
        HttpContext.Current.Response.BinaryWrite(ms.ToArray());  
        HttpContext.Current.ApplicationInstance.CompleteRequest();  
        //HttpContext.Current.Response.End();  
        ms.Close();  
        ms = null;  
    }  
    /// <summary>  
    /// 由DataTable导出Excel  
    /// </summary>  
    /// <param name="sourceTable">要导出数据的DataTable</param>  
    /// <returns>Excel工作表</returns>     
    private static Stream ExportDataTableToExcel(DataTable sourceTable)  
    {  
        HSSFWorkbook workbook = new HSSFWorkbook();  
        MemoryStream ms = new MemoryStream();  
        HSSFSheet sheet = (HSSFSheet)workbook.CreateSheet(sourceTable.TableName);  
        HSSFRow headerRow = (HSSFRow)sheet.CreateRow(0);  
        // handling header.       
        foreach (DataColumn column in sourceTable.Columns)  
            headerRow.CreateCell(column.Ordinal).SetCellValue(column.ColumnName);  
        // handling value.       
        int rowIndex = 1;  
        foreach (DataRow row in sourceTable.Rows)  
        {  
            HSSFRow dataRow = (HSSFRow)sheet.CreateRow(rowIndex);  
            foreach (DataColumn column in sourceTable.Columns)  
            {  
                dataRow.CreateCell(column.Ordinal).SetCellValue(row[column].ToString());  
            }  
            rowIndex++;  
        }  
        workbook.Write(ms);  
        ms.Flush();  
        ms.Position = 0;  
        sheet = null;  
        headerRow = null;  
        workbook = null;  
        return ms;  
    }  
    /// <summary>  
    /// 由DataTable导出Excel  
    /// </summary>  
    /// <param name="sourceTable">要导出数据的DataTable</param>  
    /// <param name="fileName">指定Excel工作表名称</param>  
    /// <returns>Excel工作表</returns>  
    public static void ExportDataTableToExcel(DataTable sourceTable, string fileName)  
    {  
        //如数据超过65325则分成多个Table导出  
        if (sourceTable.Rows.Count > ExcelMaxRow)  
        {  
            DataSet ds = GetdtGroup(sourceTable);  
            //导出DataSet  
            ExportDataSetToExcel(ds, fileName);  
        }  
        else 
        {  
            MemoryStream ms = ExportDataTableToExcel(sourceTable) as MemoryStream;  
            HttpContext.Current.Response.AppendHeader("Content-Disposition", "attachment;filename=" + fileName);  
            HttpContext.Current.Response.BinaryWrite(ms.ToArray());  
            HttpContext.Current.ApplicationInstance.CompleteRequest();  
            //HttpContext.Current.Response.End();  
            ms.Close();  
            ms = null;  
        }  
    }  
   
    /// <summary>  
    /// 传入行数超过65325的Table,返回DataSet  
    /// </summary>  
    /// <param name="dt"></param>  
    /// <returns></returns>  
    public static DataSet GetdtGroup(DataTable dt)  
    {  
        string tablename = dt.TableName;  
   
        DataSet ds = new DataSet();  
        ds.Tables.Add(dt);  
   
        double n = dt.Rows.Count / Convert.ToDouble(ExcelMaxRow);  
   
        //创建表  
        for (int i = 1; i < n; i++)  
        {  
            DataTable dtAdd = dt.Clone();  
            dtAdd.TableName = tablename + "_" + i.ToString();  
            ds.Tables.Add(dtAdd);  
        }  
   
        //分解数据  
        for (int i = 1; i < ds.Tables.Count; i++)  
        {  
            //新表行数达到最大 或 基表数量不足  
            while (ds.Tables[i].Rows.Count != ExcelMaxRow && ds.Tables[0].Rows.Count != ExcelMaxRow)  
            {  
                ds.Tables[i].Rows.Add(ds.Tables[0].Rows[ExcelMaxRow].ItemArray);  
                ds.Tables[0].Rows.RemoveAt(ExcelMaxRow);  
   
            }  
        }  
   
        return ds;  
    }  
   
    /// <summary>  
    /// 由DataTable导出Excel  
    /// </summary>  
    /// <param name="sourceTable">要导出数据的DataTable</param>  
    /// <param name="fileName">指定Excel工作表名称</param>  
    /// <returns>Excel工作表</returns>  
    public static void ExportDataTableToExcelModel(DataTable sourceTable, string modelpath, string modelName, string fileName, string sheetName)  
    {  
        int rowIndex = 2;//从第二行开始,因为前两行是模板里面的内容  
        int colIndex = 0;  
        FileStream file = new FileStream(modelpath + modelName + ".xls", FileMode.Open, FileAccess.Read);//读入excel模板  
        HSSFWorkbook hssfworkbook = new HSSFWorkbook(file);  
        HSSFSheet sheet1 = (HSSFSheet)hssfworkbook.GetSheet("Sheet1");  
        sheet1.GetRow(0).GetCell(0).SetCellValue("excelTitle");      //设置表头  
        foreach (DataRow row in sourceTable.Rows)  
        {   //双循环写入sourceTable中的数据  
            rowIndex++;  
            colIndex = 0;  
            HSSFRow xlsrow = (HSSFRow)sheet1.CreateRow(rowIndex);  
            foreach (DataColumn col in sourceTable.Columns)  
            {  
                xlsrow.CreateCell(colIndex).SetCellValue(row[col.ColumnName].ToString());  
                colIndex++;  
            }  
        }  
        sheet1.ForceFormulaRecalculation = true;  
        FileStream fileS = new FileStream(modelpath + fileName + ".xls", FileMode.Create);//保存  
        hssfworkbook.Write(fileS);  
        fileS.Close();  
        file.Close();  
    }  
} 
NPOI读取Excel类

 

4、一种最新的方式来处理Excel ---- open xml

这种方式在Msdn上有详细的解释,可参考msdn sdk。这种方式只能处理2007以上的版本,不支持2003。

项目中发现使用OleDb(using System.Data.OleDb)相关对象处理Excel导入功能,不是很稳定经常出问题,需要把这个问题解决掉。项目组提出使用OpenXML来处 理Excel的导入、导出问题,出于兴趣对OpenXML了解一下,做了简单Demo。 

4.1 Open XML准备

使用Open XML操作Excel需要安装Open XML Format SDK 2.0及其以上版本,其相关对象和接口建立在Open XML SDK CTP 2基础上的,使用前先下载Open XML Format SDK 2.0及其以上版本。SDK默认会安装在C:\Program Files (x86)\Open XML Format SDK\V2.0 (64bit)目录下,lib子目录下的DocumentFormat.OpenXml.dll必须被引用到项目中。Open XML支持Office 2007及其以上版本,Open XML好像升级到2.5版本了,对于Open XML 2.0和2.5其对象和API接口有所不同,请查阅相关文档。把这个小Demo整出来,花了一些时间,主要是对其中的相关对象和API接口使用的不了解。

4.2 简单Excel zip包介绍

大家应该知道Office 2007都是一些XML文件的压缩包,可以创建一个Office 2007的Excel文件,简单录入几条数据,保存一下。复制一下,做个副本,修改其后缀为zip格式,这样就可以看到Excel的一些相关文件。因需要 测试功能,做了简单的Office 2007的文件,修改为zip解压查看相关文件如下图:

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其中需要注意的几个文件styles.xml、sharedStrings.xml、workbook.xml、worksheets中各个sheet。 

styles.xml:主要用来存放Excel中样式的(包括格式化的数据格式,如日期、货币等等); 

sharedStrings.xml:主要存放共享的String数据的,在没有对Excel中相关单元格和数据格式化都可以通过这个文件读取; 

workbook.xml:主要存放工作簿中各个工作表的命名和命名空间,在获取各个工作表的名称可以通过寻址找到节点,获取各表名称; 

worksheets中各个sheet:主要存放各个工作表的相关数据库 可以通过下面这个图了解各个对象的关系,这个是Open XML 2.5开发的相关对象(http://msdn.microsoft.com/zh-cn/library/office/gg278316.aspx):

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4.3 简单功能介绍

使用OpenXML操作Excel,将Excel中的数据正确读取出来,保持到数据库。但是碰到一些问题,就是如何读取格式化的数据,把日期、时间、货币 进行数据格式化,就不能正确的读取数据,由于不是很了解,花了些时间,在网上查了查相关资料解决了一下。估计不是最优解,如果对这方面了解的大牛,希望能 指导一下,提供一些更好的方法。 

这里测试了两块,一块把Excel的所有数据按Excel定义的格式转换成DataTable和DataSet;另一块把Excel中数据对照相关数据库实体对象,使用反射进行实体属性赋值,转换失败,则Excel中的数据就有问题。

一块是将Excel的数据全部搬到DataTable或DataSet,不考虑这些数据是来自数据库的几个表,如果业务需要可以对这个DataTable或DataSet操作;

另一块是进行数据库实体对象校验,必须Excel中单元格的数据格式和数据库中字段的存储格式一致,当然也可以根据业务的需要继续添加各种验证,你可以继续丰富、优化代码。

稍加改进了一下,可以支持泛型对象的转换,可以将符合规格的Excel的数据转换成对应的实体对象,即可以映射任何实体对象。那么就可以根据需要转换成DataTable或DataSet,或者对多表数据的转换,可以在此基础上优化,希望对你有帮助。

4.4 简单实现介绍

实现就是建一个WinForm程序,一个导入按钮,一个DataView呈现数据,一个OpenFileDialog选择文件。两个辅助解析Excel的 类,ExcelOper和ExcelOperMatch,一个是不进行校验之间转化为DataTable\DataSet的;一个是需要数据校验的,其中 ExcelOperMatch调用ExcelOper写好的两个方法:GetWorkBookPartRows(获取WorkBookPart中所有的行 数据)和GetCellValue(获取单元格的值)。其中对于格式化样式不太好处理,测试数据2的样式:

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4.5 简单实现效果

1).测试数据1

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2).实现数据1

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3).测试数据2

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4).实现数据2

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5).测试数据3

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6).实现数据3

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4.6 示例Demo代码:

1) ExcelOper.cs文件代码

(注意DLL和命名空间的引入:using DocumentFormat.OpenXml.Packaging和using DocumentFormat.OpenXml.Spreadsheet和using System.Diagnostics;)

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using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Data;
using System.IO;
using DocumentFormat.OpenXml.Packaging;
using DocumentFormat.OpenXml.Spreadsheet;
using System.Xml;
using System.Diagnostics;
using DocumentFormat.OpenXml;
using System.Reflection;

namespace OpenXMLTest
{
    /// <summary>
    /// 思考问题:
    /// 1.对于Excel中所有不进行任何验证,直接转化为Table(有列头和无列头)
    /// 2.对于Excel中数据匹配某一指定表的列头及其数据(有列头)
    /// 3.对于Excel中数据不是处理在一张表中(有列头和无列头)
    /// 4.对于Excel中数据多表处理和单表处理
    /// 5.对于Excel中一个Sheet的数据来自多张数据库表
    /// </summary>
    public class ExcelOper
    {
        /// <summary>
        /// 将DataTable转化为XML输出
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="dataTable">DataTable</param>
        /// <param name="fileName">文件名称</param>
        public void DataTableToXML(DataTable dataTable, string fileName)
        {
            //指定程序安装目录
            string filePath = AppDomain.CurrentDomain.SetupInformation.ApplicationBase + fileName;
            using (FileStream fs = new FileStream(filePath, FileMode.OpenOrCreate, FileAccess.Write))
            {
                using (XmlWriter xmlWriter = XmlWriter.Create(fs))
                {
                    dataTable.WriteXml(xmlWriter, XmlWriteMode.IgnoreSchema);
                }
            }
            Process.Start(filePath);
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 将Excel多单一表转化为DataSet数据集对象
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="filePath">Excel文件路径</param>
        /// <returns>转化的数据集</returns>
        public DataSet ExcelToDataSet(string filePath)
        {
            DataSet dataSet = new DataSet();
            try
            {
                using (SpreadsheetDocument spreadDocument = SpreadsheetDocument.Open(filePath, false))
                {
                    //指定WorkbookPart对象
                    WorkbookPart workBookPart = spreadDocument.WorkbookPart;
                    //获取Excel中SheetName集合
                    List<string> sheetNames = GetSheetNames(workBookPart);

                    foreach (string sheetName in sheetNames)
                    {
                        DataTable dataTable = WorkSheetToTable(workBookPart, sheetName);
                        if (dataTable != null)
                        {
                            dataSet.Tables.Add(dataTable);//将表添加到数据集
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
            catch (Exception exp)
            {
                //throw new Exception("可能Excel正在打开中,请关闭重新操作!");
            }
            return dataSet;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 将Excel单一表转化为DataTable对象
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="sheetName">SheetName</param>
        /// <param name="stream">Excel文件路径</param>
        /// <returns>DataTable对象</returns>
        public DataTable ExcelToDataTable(string sheetName, string filePath)
        {
            DataTable dataTable = new DataTable();
            try
            {
                //根据Excel流转换为spreadDocument对象
                using (SpreadsheetDocument spreadDocument = SpreadsheetDocument.Open(filePath, false))//Excel文档包
                {
                    //Workbook workBook = spreadDocument.WorkbookPart.Workbook;//主文档部件的根元素
                    //Sheets sheeets = workBook.Sheets;//块级结构(如工作表、文件版本等)的容器
                    WorkbookPart workBookPart = spreadDocument.WorkbookPart;
                    //获取Excel中SheetName集合
                    List<string> sheetNames = GetSheetNames(workBookPart);

                    if (sheetNames.Contains(sheetName))
                    {
                        //根据WorkSheet转化为Table
                        dataTable = WorkSheetToTable(workBookPart, sheetName);
                    }
                }
            }
            catch (Exception exp)
            {
                //throw new Exception("可能Excel正在打开中,请关闭重新操作!");
            }
            return dataTable;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 根据WorkbookPart获取所有SheetName
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="workBookPart"></param>
        /// <returns>SheetName集合</returns>
        private List<string> GetSheetNames(WorkbookPart workBookPart)
        {
            List<string> sheetNames = new List<string>();
            Sheets sheets = workBookPart.Workbook.Sheets;
            foreach (Sheet sheet in sheets)
            {
                string sheetName = sheet.Name;
                if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(sheetName))
                {
                    sheetNames.Add(sheetName);
                }
            }
            return sheetNames;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 根据WorkbookPart和sheetName获取该Sheet下所有Row数据
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="workBookPart">WorkbookPart对象</param>
        /// <param name="sheetName">SheetName</param>
        /// <returns>该SheetName下的所有Row数据</returns>
        public IEnumerable<Row> GetWorkBookPartRows(WorkbookPart workBookPart, string sheetName)
        {
            IEnumerable<Row> sheetRows = null;
            //根据表名在WorkbookPart中获取Sheet集合
            IEnumerable<Sheet> sheets = workBookPart.Workbook.Descendants<Sheet>().Where(s => s.Name == sheetName);
            if (sheets.Count() == 0)
            {
                return null;//没有数据
            }

            WorksheetPart workSheetPart = workBookPart.GetPartById(sheets.First().Id) as WorksheetPart;
            //获取Excel中得到的行
            sheetRows = workSheetPart.Worksheet.Descendants<Row>();

            return sheetRows;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 根据WorkbookPart和表名创建DataTable对象
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="workBookPart">WorkbookPart对象</param>
        /// <param name="tableName">表名</param>
        /// <returns>转化后的DataTable</returns>
        private DataTable WorkSheetToTable(WorkbookPart workBookPart, string sheetName)
        {
            //创建Table
            DataTable dataTable = new DataTable(sheetName);

            //根据WorkbookPart和sheetName获取该Sheet下所有行数据
            IEnumerable<Row> sheetRows = GetWorkBookPartRows(workBookPart, sheetName);
            if (sheetRows == null || sheetRows.Count() <= 0)
            {
                return null;
            }

            //将数据导入DataTable,假定第一行为列名,第二行以后为数据
            foreach (Row row in sheetRows)
            {
                //获取Excel中的列头
                if (row.RowIndex == 1)
                {
                    List<DataColumn> listCols = GetDataColumn(row, workBookPart);
                    dataTable.Columns.AddRange(listCols.ToArray());
                }
                else
                {
                    //Excel第二行同时为DataTable的第一行数据
                    DataRow dataRow = GetDataRow(row, dataTable, workBookPart);
                    if (dataRow != null)
                    {
                        dataTable.Rows.Add(dataRow);
                    }
                }
            }
            return dataTable;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 根据WorkbookPart获取NumberingFormats样式集合
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="workBookPart">WorkbookPart对象</param>
        /// <returns>NumberingFormats样式集合</returns>
        private List<string> GetNumberFormatsStyle(WorkbookPart workBookPart)
        {
            List<string> dicStyle = new List<string>();
            Stylesheet styleSheet = workBookPart.WorkbookStylesPart.Stylesheet;
            OpenXmlElementList list = styleSheet.NumberingFormats.ChildElements;//获取NumberingFormats样式集合

            foreach (var element in list)//格式化节点
            {
                if (element.HasAttributes)
                {
                    using (OpenXmlReader reader = OpenXmlReader.Create(element))
                    {
                        if (reader.Read())
                        {
                            if (reader.Attributes.Count > 0)
                            {
                                string numFmtId = reader.Attributes[0].Value;//格式化ID
                                string formatCode = reader.Attributes[1].Value;//格式化Code
                                dicStyle.Add(formatCode);//将格式化Code写入List集合
                            }
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
            return dicStyle;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 根据行对象和WorkbookPart对象获取DataColumn集合
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="row">Excel中行记录</param>
        /// <param name="workBookPart">WorkbookPart对象</param>
        /// <returns>返回DataColumn对象集合</returns>
        private List<DataColumn> GetDataColumn(Row row, WorkbookPart workBookPart)
        {
            List<DataColumn> listCols = new List<DataColumn>();
            foreach (Cell cell in row)
            {
                string cellValue = GetCellValue(cell, workBookPart);
                DataColumn col = new DataColumn(cellValue);
                listCols.Add(col);
            }
            return listCols;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 根据Excel行\数据库表\WorkbookPart对象获取数据DataRow
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="row">Excel中行对象</param>
        /// <param name="dateTable">数据表</param>
        /// <param name="workBookPart">WorkbookPart对象</param>
        /// <returns>返回一条数据记录</returns>
        private DataRow GetDataRow(Row row, DataTable dateTable, WorkbookPart workBookPart)
        {
            //读取Excel中数据,一一读取单元格,若整行为空则忽视该行
            DataRow dataRow = dateTable.NewRow();
            IEnumerable<Cell> cells = row.Elements<Cell>();

            int cellIndex = 0;//单元格索引
            int nullCellCount = cellIndex;//空行索引
            foreach (Cell cell in row)
            {
                string cellVlue = GetCellValue(cell, workBookPart);
                if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(cellVlue))
                {
                    nullCellCount++;
                }

                dataRow[cellIndex] = cellVlue;
                cellIndex++;
            }
            if (nullCellCount == cellIndex)//剔除空行
            {
                dataRow = null;//一行中单元格索引和空行索引一样
            }
            return dataRow;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 根据Excel单元格和WorkbookPart对象获取单元格的值
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="cell">Excel单元格对象</param>
        /// <param name="workBookPart">Excel WorkbookPart对象</param>
        /// <returns>单元格的值</returns>
        public string GetCellValue(Cell cell, WorkbookPart workBookPart)
        {
            string cellValue = string.Empty;
            if (cell.ChildElements.Count == 0)//Cell节点下没有子节点
            {
                return cellValue;
            }
            string cellRefId = cell.CellReference.InnerText;//获取引用相对位置
            string cellInnerText = cell.CellValue.InnerText;//获取Cell的InnerText
            cellValue = cellInnerText;//指定默认值(其实用来处理Excel中的数字)

            //获取WorkbookPart中NumberingFormats样式集合
            List<string> dicStyles = GetNumberFormatsStyle(workBookPart);
            //获取WorkbookPart中共享String数据
            SharedStringTable sharedTable = workBookPart.SharedStringTablePart.SharedStringTable;

            try
            {
                EnumValue<CellValues> cellType = cell.DataType;//获取Cell数据类型
                if (cellType != null)//Excel对象数据
                {
                    switch (cellType.Value)
                    {
                        case CellValues.SharedString://字符串
                            //获取该Cell的所在的索引
                            int cellIndex = int.Parse(cellInnerText);
                            cellValue = sharedTable.ChildElements[cellIndex].InnerText;
                            break;
                        case CellValues.Boolean://布尔
                            cellValue = (cellInnerText == "1") ? "TRUE" : "FALSE";
                            break;
                        case CellValues.Date://日期
                            cellValue = Convert.ToDateTime(cellInnerText).ToString();
                            break;
                        case CellValues.Number://数字
                            cellValue = Convert.ToDecimal(cellInnerText).ToString();
                            break;
                        default: cellValue = cellInnerText; break;
                    }
                }
                else//格式化数据
                {
                    if (dicStyles.Count > 0 && cell.StyleIndex != null)//对于数字,cell.StyleIndex==null
                    {
                        int styleIndex = Convert.ToInt32(cell.StyleIndex.Value);
                        string cellStyle = dicStyles[styleIndex - 1];//获取该索引的样式
                        if (cellStyle.Contains("yyyy") || cellStyle.Contains("h")
                            || cellStyle.Contains("dd") || cellStyle.Contains("ss"))
                        {
                            //如果为日期或时间进行格式处理,去掉“;@”
                            cellStyle = cellStyle.Replace(";@", "");
                            while (cellStyle.Contains("[") && cellStyle.Contains("]"))
                            {
                                int otherStart = cellStyle.IndexOf([);
                                int otherEnd = cellStyle.IndexOf("]");

                                cellStyle = cellStyle.Remove(otherStart, otherEnd - otherStart + 1);
                            }
                            double doubleDateTime = double.Parse(cellInnerText);
                            DateTime dateTime = DateTime.FromOADate(doubleDateTime);//将Double日期数字转为日期格式
                            if (cellStyle.Contains("m")) { cellStyle = cellStyle.Replace("m", "M"); }
                            if (cellStyle.Contains("AM/PM")) { cellStyle = cellStyle.Replace("AM/PM", ""); }
                            cellValue = dateTime.ToString(cellStyle);//不知道为什么Excel 2007中格式日期为yyyy/m/d
                        }
                        else//其他的货币、数值
                        {
                            cellStyle = cellStyle.Substring(cellStyle.LastIndexOf(.) - 1).Replace("\\", "");
                            decimal decimalNum = decimal.Parse(cellInnerText);
                            cellValue = decimal.Parse(decimalNum.ToString(cellStyle)).ToString();
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
            catch (Exception exp)
            {
                //string expMessage = string.Format("Excel中{0}位置数据有误,请确认填写正确!", cellRefId);
                //throw new Exception(expMessage);
                cellValue = "N/A";
            }
            return cellValue;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 获取Excel中多表的表名
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="filePath"></param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        private List<string> GetExcelSheetNames(string filePath)
        {
            string sheetName = string.Empty;
            List<string> sheetNames = new List<string>();//所有Sheet表名
            using (SpreadsheetDocument spreadDocument = SpreadsheetDocument.Open(filePath, false))
            {
                WorkbookPart workBook = spreadDocument.WorkbookPart;
                Stream stream = workBook.GetStream(FileMode.Open);
                XmlDocument xmlDocument = new XmlDocument();
                xmlDocument.Load(stream);

                XmlNamespaceManager xmlNSManager = new XmlNamespaceManager(xmlDocument.NameTable);
                xmlNSManager.AddNamespace("default", xmlDocument.DocumentElement.NamespaceURI);
                XmlNodeList nodeList = xmlDocument.SelectNodes("//default:sheets/default:sheet", xmlNSManager);

                foreach (XmlNode node in nodeList)
                {
                    sheetName = node.Attributes["name"].Value;
                    sheetNames.Add(sheetName);
                }
            }
            return sheetNames;
        }


        #region SaveCell
        private void InsertTextCellValue(Worksheet worksheet, string column, uint row, string value)
        {
            Cell cell = ReturnCell(worksheet, column, row);
            CellValue v = new CellValue();
            v.Text = value;
            cell.AppendChild(v);
            cell.DataType = new EnumValue<CellValues>(CellValues.String);
            worksheet.Save();
        }
        private void InsertNumberCellValue(Worksheet worksheet, string column, uint row, string value)
        {
            Cell cell = ReturnCell(worksheet, column, row);
            CellValue v = new CellValue();
            v.Text = value;
            cell.AppendChild(v);
            cell.DataType = new EnumValue<CellValues>(CellValues.Number);
            worksheet.Save();
        }
        private static Cell ReturnCell(Worksheet worksheet, string columnName, uint row)
        {
            Row targetRow = ReturnRow(worksheet, row);

            if (targetRow == null)
                return null;

            return targetRow.Elements<Cell>().Where(c =>
               string.Compare(c.CellReference.Value, columnName + row,
               true) == 0).First();
        }
        private static Row ReturnRow(Worksheet worksheet, uint row)
        {
            return worksheet.GetFirstChild<SheetData>().
            Elements<Row>().Where(r => r.RowIndex == row).First();
        }
        #endregion
    }
}
ExcelOper

2) ExcelOperMatch.cs代码

(注意命名空间的引入:using System.Reflection;[稍作改进添加反射实体泛型支持方法,这样就可以将符合规则的Excel数据转换成对应的数据表])

技术分享
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using DocumentFormat.OpenXml.Packaging;
using DocumentFormat.OpenXml.Spreadsheet;
using System.Reflection;
using System.Globalization;
                
namespace OpenXMLTest
{
    public class ExcelOperMatch
    {
        /// <summary>
        /// 根据SheetName和文件路径转换实体对象
        /// 将Excel中的数据映射实体对象集合
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="sheetName">操作SheetName</param>
        /// <param name="filePath">文件路径</param>
        /// <returns>实体对象集合</returns>
        public  List<TestPerson> ExcelToPersons(string sheetName, string filePath)
        {
            List<TestPerson> listTestPersons = new List<TestPerson>();
            try
            {
                using (SpreadsheetDocument spreadDocument = SpreadsheetDocument.Open(filePath, false))//Excel文档包
                {
                    WorkbookPart workBookPart = spreadDocument.WorkbookPart;
                    listTestPersons = ExtcelToObjects(workBookPart, sheetName);
                }
            }
            catch(Exception exp)
            {
               // throw new Exception("可能Excel正在打开中,请关闭重新操作!");
            }
            return listTestPersons;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 根据WorkbookPart和SheetName获取实体对象集合
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="workBookPart">WorkbookPart对象</param>
        /// <param name="sheetName">sheetName</param>
        /// <returns>实体对象集合</returns>
        private List<TestPerson> ExtcelToObjects(WorkbookPart workBookPart, string sheetName)
        {
            List<TestPerson> listPersons = new List<TestPerson>();
            List<string> columnValues = new List<string>();//列头值集合
            List<string> rowCellValues = null;//行数据集合

            //获取WorkbookPart下名为sheetName的Sheet的所有行数据
            IEnumerable<Row> sheetRows = new ExcelOper().GetWorkBookPartRows(workBookPart, sheetName);
            if (sheetRows == null || sheetRows.Count() <= 0)
            {
                return null;
            }

            //将数据导入DataTable,假定第一行为列名,第二行以后为数据
            foreach (Row row in sheetRows)
            {
                rowCellValues = new List<string>();//新行数据
                foreach (Cell cell in row)
                {
                    //获取单元格的值
                    string cellValue = new ExcelOper().GetCellValue(cell, workBookPart);
                    if (row.RowIndex == 1)
                    {
                        columnValues.Add(cellValue);
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        rowCellValues.Add(cellValue);
                    }
                }
                if (row.RowIndex > 1)
                {
                    int rowIndex = Convert.ToInt32(row.RowIndex.ToString());

                    //使用强类型处理
                    TestPerson singlePerson = ConvertToTestPerson(rowIndex, columnValues, rowCellValues);
                    
                    //使用泛型处理,可以转换任意实体
                    //TestPerson singlePerson = ConvertToObject<TestPerson>(rowIndex, columnValues, rowCellValues);
                   
                    listPersons.Add(singlePerson);
                }
            }
            return listPersons;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 根据行号\列集合\行集合转换实体对象
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="rowIndex">行索引</param>
        /// <param name="columnValues">列头集合</param>
        /// <param name="rowCellValues">一行数据集合</param>
        /// <returns>映射的实体对象</returns>
        private TestPerson ConvertToTestPerson(int rowIndex, List<string> columnValues, List<string> rowCellValues)
        {
            TestPerson singlePerson = new TestPerson();//TestPerson对象
            foreach (PropertyInfo pi in singlePerson.GetType().GetProperties())
            {
                for (int index = 0; index < columnValues.Count; index++)
                {
                    try
                    {
                        if (pi.Name.Equals(columnValues[index], StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase))
                        {
                            String propertyType = pi.PropertyType.Name;
                            switch (propertyType)
                            {
                                case "Int32":
                                    pi.SetValue(singlePerson, int.Parse(rowCellValues[index]), null);
                                    break;
                                case "DateTime":
                                    pi.SetValue(singlePerson, DateTime.Parse(rowCellValues[index]), null);
                                    break;
                                case "Decimal":
                                    pi.SetValue(singlePerson, Decimal.Parse(rowCellValues[index]), null);
                                    break;
                                case "Double":
                                    pi.SetValue(singlePerson, Double.Parse(rowCellValues[index]), null);
                                    break;
                                case "String":
                                    pi.SetValue(singlePerson, rowCellValues[index], null);
                                    break;
                                case "Boolean":
                                    pi.SetValue(singlePerson, Boolean.Parse(rowCellValues[index]), null);
                                    break;
                            }
                            break;
                        }
                    }
                    catch (Exception exp)
                    {
                        index = (index - 1) % 26;
                        string cellRef = Convert.ToChar(65 + index).ToString() +rowIndex;
                        string expMessage = string.Format("请确认Excel中{0}位置数据填写正确!", cellRef);
                        throw new Exception(expMessage);
                    }
                }
            }
            return singlePerson;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 使用泛型,这样可以针对任何实体对象进行映射参照
        /// </summary>
        /// <typeparam name="T">映射实体对象</typeparam>
        /// <param name="rowIndex">行号</param>
        /// <param name="columnValues">列集合</param>
        /// <param name="rowCellValues">行单元格集合</param>
        /// <returns>实体对象</returns>
        private T ConvertToObject<T>(int rowIndex, List<string> columnValues, List<string> rowCellValues)
        {
            T singleT = Activator.CreateInstance<T>();//创建实体对象T
            foreach (PropertyInfo pi in singleT.GetType().GetProperties())
            {
                for (int index = 0; index < columnValues.Count; index++)
                {
                    try
                    {
                        if (pi.Name.Equals(columnValues[index], StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase))
                        {
                            String propertyType = pi.PropertyType.Name;
                            switch (propertyType)
                            {
                                case "Int32":
                                    pi.SetValue(singleT, int.Parse(rowCellValues[index]), null);
                                    break;
                                case "DateTime":
                                    pi.SetValue(singleT, DateTime.Parse(rowCellValues[index]), null);
                                    break;
                                case "Decimal":
                                    pi.SetValue(singleT, Decimal.Parse(rowCellValues[index]), null);
                                    break;
                                case "Double":
                                    pi.SetValue(singleT, Double.Parse(rowCellValues[index]), null);
                                    break;
                                case "String":
                                    pi.SetValue(singleT, rowCellValues[index], null);
                                    break;
                                case "Boolean":
                                    pi.SetValue(singleT, Boolean.Parse(rowCellValues[index]), null);
                                    break;
                            }
                            break;
                        }
                    }
                    catch (Exception exp)
                    {
                        index = (index - 1) % 26;
                        string cellRef = Convert.ToChar(65 + index).ToString() + rowIndex;
                        string expMessage = string.Format("请确认Excel中{0}位置数据填写正确!", cellRef);
                        throw new Exception(expMessage);

                        //singleT = default(T);
                    }
                }
            }
            return singleT;
        }

    }

    /// <summary>
    /// 辅助测试类
    /// </summary>
    public class TestPerson
    {
        #region 公共属性
        //int类型测试
        public int PersonID { get; set; }
        //bool类型测试
        public bool PersonSex { get; set; }
        //string类型测试
        public string PersonName { get; set; }
        //DateTime 日期测试
        public DateTime PersonBirth { get; set; }
        //DateTime 时间测试
        public DateTime PersonLogTime { get; set; }
        //decimal类型测试
        public decimal PersonAmountMoney { get; set; }
        #endregion
    }
}
ExcelOperMatch

3) WinForm的Button事件代码

技术分享
private void btnOperExcel_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            openFileDialog1.Filter = "Text Documents (*.xlsx)|*.xlsx|All Files|*.*";
            if (openFileDialog1.ShowDialog() == DialogResult.OK)
            {
                string filePath = openFileDialog1.FileName;

                ExcelOper excelOperation = new ExcelOper();

                //DataTable dataTable = excelOperation.ExcelToDataTable("Sheet1", filePath);
                //excelOperation.DataTableToXML(dataTable,"Excel.xml");
                //this.dataGridView1.DataSource = dataTable;

                //DataSet dataSet = excelOperation.ExcelToDataSet(filePath);
                //this.dataGridView1.DataSource=dataSet.Tables[0];

                //ExcelOperMatch excelMatch = new ExcelOperMatch();
                //List<TestPerson> listTestPersons = excelMatch.ExcelToPersons("Sheet1", filePath);
                //this.dataGridView1.DataSource = listTestPersons;
            }
        }
Buttton事件

4) ExcelOperMatchObject.cs

([新增泛型处理Excel的数据,这样可以轻松将Excel的数据转换成数据库表])

技术分享
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using DocumentFormat.OpenXml.Packaging;
using DocumentFormat.OpenXml.Spreadsheet;
using System.Reflection;
using System.Globalization;

namespace OpenXMLTest
{
    public class ExcelOperMatchObject<T>
    {

        /// <summary>
        /// 根据SheetName和文件路径转换实体对象
        /// 将Excel中的数据映射实体对象集合
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="sheetName">操作SheetName</param>
        /// <param name="filePath">文件路径</param>
        /// <returns>实体对象集合</returns>
        public List<T> ExcelToObjects(string sheetName, string filePath)
        {
            List<T> listTestPersons = new List<T>();
            try
            {
                using (SpreadsheetDocument spreadDocument = SpreadsheetDocument.Open(filePath, false))//Excel文档包
                {
                    WorkbookPart workBookPart = spreadDocument.WorkbookPart;
                    listTestPersons = ExtcelToObjects(workBookPart, sheetName);
                }
            }
            catch (Exception exp)
            {
                // throw new Exception("可能Excel正在打开中,请关闭重新操作!");
            }
            return listTestPersons;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 根据WorkbookPart和SheetName获取实体对象集合
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="workBookPart">WorkbookPart对象</param>
        /// <param name="sheetName">sheetName</param>
        /// <returns>实体对象集合</returns>
        private List<T> ExtcelToObjects(WorkbookPart workBookPart, string sheetName)
        {
            List<T> listPersons = new List<T>();
            List<string> columnValues = new List<string>();//列头值集合
            List<string> rowCellValues = null;//行数据集合

            //获取WorkbookPart下名为sheetName的Sheet的所有行数据
            IEnumerable<Row> sheetRows = new ExcelOper().GetWorkBookPartRows(workBookPart, sheetName);
            if (sheetRows == null || sheetRows.Count() <= 0)
            {
                return null;
            }

            //将数据导入DataTable,假定第一行为列名,第二行以后为数据
            foreach (Row row in sheetRows)
            {
                rowCellValues = new List<string>();//新行数据
                foreach (Cell cell in row)
                {
                    //获取单元格的值
                    string cellValue = new ExcelOper().GetCellValue(cell, workBookPart);
                    if (row.RowIndex == 1)
                    {
                        columnValues.Add(cellValue);
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        rowCellValues.Add(cellValue);
                    }
                }
                if (row.RowIndex > 1)
                {
                    int rowIndex = Convert.ToInt32(row.RowIndex.ToString());

                    T singlePerson = ConvertToObject<T>(rowIndex, columnValues, rowCellValues);
                    listPersons.Add(singlePerson);
                }
            }
            return listPersons;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 根据行号\列头集合\行数据集合,转换数据实体对象 
        /// </summary>
        /// <typeparam name="T">映射实体对象</typeparam>
        /// <param name="rowIndex">行号</param>
        /// <param name="columnValues">列头集合</param>
        /// <param name="rowCellValues">行数据集合</param>
        /// <returns>实体对象</returns>
        private T ConvertToObject<T>(int rowIndex, List<string> columnValues, List<string> rowCellValues)
        {
            //T singlePerson = default(T);
            T singlePerson = Activator.CreateInstance<T>();
            //Type singlePerson = typeof(T);
            foreach (PropertyInfo pi in singlePerson.GetType().GetProperties())
            {
                for (int index = 0; index < columnValues.Count; index++)
                {

                    if (pi.Name.Equals(columnValues[index], StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase))
                    {
                        String propertyType = pi.PropertyType.Name;
                        switch (propertyType)
                        {
                            case "Int32":
                                pi.SetValue(singlePerson, int.Parse(rowCellValues[index]), null);
                                break;
                            case "DateTime":
                                pi.SetValue(singlePerson, DateTime.Parse(rowCellValues[index]), null);
                                break;
                            case "Decimal":
                                pi.SetValue(singlePerson, Decimal.Parse(rowCellValues[index]), null);
                                break;
                            case "Double":
                                pi.SetValue(singlePerson, Double.Parse(rowCellValues[index]), null);
                                break;
                            case "String":
                                pi.SetValue(singlePerson, rowCellValues[index], null);
                                break;
                            case "Boolean":
                                pi.SetValue(singlePerson, Boolean.Parse(rowCellValues[index]), null);
                                break;
                        }
                        break;
                    }

                }
            }
            return singlePerson;
        }
    }
}
数据的泛型处理

5)ExcelOperMatchObject类的调用

(还是在WinForm的Button事件中调用)。

//Excel数据导入,泛型支持与任意实体对象匹配
//这里使用TestPerson实体对象做测试对象,你也可以用多个对象,转换成DataTable或DataSet
ExcelOperMatchObject<TestPerson> execelOperObject = new ExcelOperMatchObject<TestPerson>();
List<TestPerson> listTestPersons = execelOperObject.ExcelToObjects("Sheet1", filePath);
this.dataGridView1.DataSource = listTestPersons;

 4.7 代码结构

1) ExcelOper.cs文件代码

技术分享

技术分享

2) ExcelOperMatch.cs代码

技术分享

C#读取Excel技术概览

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原文地址:http://www.cnblogs.com/arxive/p/5750069.html

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