Web服务之LNMMP架构及动静分离实现

时间：2016-08-14 10:23:06 阅读：361 评论：0 收藏：0 [点我收藏+]

标签：

原文链接：http://hoolee.blog.51cto.com/7934938/1413346

讲的非常详细，尽管我只看动静分离，可是看了一下其他的部署，也是非常不错，适合新手

一、LNMMP

LNMMP环境是Linux + Nginx + Memcached + MySQL + PhP，即LNMP + memcached。

Memcached 是一个高性能的分布式内存对象缓存系统，用于动态Web应用以减轻数据库负载。它通过在内存中缓存数据和对象来减少读取数据库的次数，从而提供动态、数据库驱动网站的速度。Memcached基于一个存储键/值对的hashmap。其守护进程（daemon ）是用C写的，但是客户端可以用任何语言来编写，并通过memcached协议与守护进程通信。

二、工程拓扑

三、安装nginx服务器

1）部署开发环境
# yum -y install "Development tools" "Server Platform Development"
2）解决依赖 pcre-devel openssl-devel
# yum -y install pcre-devel openssl-devel
3) 设置用户
# groupadd -r nginx
# useradd -r -g nginx nginx
4）编译安装nginx-1.4.7
# tar xf nginx-1.4.7.tar.gz
# cd nginx-1.4.7
# ./configure --prefix=/usr --sbin-path=/usr/sbin/nginx \
--conf-path=/etc/nginx/nginx.conf --error-log-path=\ /var/log/nginx/error.log --http-log-path=/var/log/nginx/access.log \
--pid-path=/var/run/nginx/nginx.pid --lock-path=/var/lock/nginx.lock \--user=nginx --group=nginx --with-http_ssl_module \
--with-http_flv_module --with-http_stub_status_module \
--with-http_gzip_static_module --http-client-body-temp-path=\ /var/tmp/nginx/client/ --http-proxy-temp-path=/var/tmp/nginx/proxy/ \ --http-fastcgi-temp-path=/var/tmp/nginx/fcgi/ \
--http-uwsgi-temp-path=/var/tmp/nginx/uwsgi --http-scgi-temp-path=\
/var/tmp/nginx/scgi --with-pcre
# make && make install
5）检测配置文件语法
# /usr/sbin/nginx -t
6) 提供启动脚本
# vim /etc/rc.d/init.d/nginx
内容如下
# nginx - this script starts and stops the nginx daemon
#
# chkconfig: - 85 15
# description: Nginx is an HTTP(S) server, HTTP(S) reverse \
# proxy and IMAP/POP3 proxy server
# processname: nginx
# config: /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
# config: /etc/sysconfig/nginx
# pidfile: /var/run/nginx.pid
# Source function library.
. /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions
# Source networking configuration.
. /etc/sysconfig/network
# Check that networking is up.
[ "$NETWORKING" = "no" ] && exit 0
nginx="/usr/sbin/nginx"
prog=$(basename $nginx)
NGINX_CONF_FILE="/etc/nginx/nginx.conf"
[ -f /etc/sysconfig/nginx ] && . /etc/sysconfig/nginx
lockfile=/var/lock/subsys/nginx
make_dirs() {
# make required directories
user=`nginx -V 2>&1 | grep "configure arguments:" | sed ‘s/[^*]*--user=$[^ ]*$.*/\1/g‘ -`
options=`$nginx -V 2>&1 | grep ‘configure arguments:‘`
for opt in $options; do
if [ `echo $opt | grep ‘.*-temp-path‘` ]; then
value=`echo $opt | cut -d "=" -f 2`
if [ ! -d "$value" ]; then
# echo "creating" $value
mkdir -p $value && chown -R $user $value
fi
fi
done
}
start() {
[ -x $nginx ] || exit 5
[ -f $NGINX_CONF_FILE ] || exit 6
make_dirs
echo -n $"Starting $prog: "
daemon $nginx -c $NGINX_CONF_FILE
retval=$?
echo
[ $retval -eq 0 ] && touch $lockfile
return $retval
}
stop() {
echo -n $"Stopping $prog: "
killproc $prog -QUIT
retval=$?
echo
[ $retval -eq 0 ] && rm -f $lockfile
return $retval
}
restart() {
configtest || return $?
stop
sleep 1
start
}
reload() {
configtest || return $?
echo -n $"Reloading $prog: "
killproc $nginx -HUP
RETVAL=$?
echo
}
force_reload() {
restart
}
configtest() {
$nginx -t -c $NGINX_CONF_FILE
}
rh_status() {
status $prog
}
rh_status_q() {
rh_status >/dev/null 2>&1
}
case "$1" in
start)
rh_status_q && exit 0
$1
;;
stop)
rh_status_q || exit 0
$1
;;
restart|configtest)
$1
;;
reload)
rh_status_q || exit 7
$1
;;
force-reload)
force_reload
;;
status)
rh_status
;;
condrestart|try-restart)
rh_status_q || exit 0
;;
*)
echo $"Usage: $0 {start|stop|status|restart|condrestart|try-restart|reload|force-reload|configtest}"
exit 2
esac
7)为服务脚本赋予执行权限
# chmod +x /etc/rc.d/init.d/nginx
8）添加到系统服务并开机启动
# chkconfig --add nginx
# chkconfig nginx on
# chkconfig --list nigx
9) 设置nginx配置文件的语法高亮
# mkdir ./vim/syntax -pv
# cd .vim/syntax
# wget http://www.vim.org/scripts/download_script.php?src_id=19394
# cd .vim
# vim filetype.vim 内容如下
au BufRead,BufNewFile /etc/nginx/*,/usr/local/nginx/conf/* if &ft == ‘‘ | setfiletype nginx | endif
10）启动服务
# service nginx start
# ss -tnalp | grep nginx

四、安装MySQL服务器

1.安装

# tar xf mysql-5.5.33-linux2.6-x86_64.tar.gz -C /usr/local
# ln -sv /usr/local/mysql-5.5.33-linux2.6-x86_64 mysql 创建软连接，易于操作

2.为数据库创建数据目录

#mkdri -pv /mydata/data

3.新建用户以安全方式运行进程

#groupadd -r mysql //创建系统组mysql
#useradd -r -s /sbin/nologin -g mysql mysql -M -D /mydata/data mysql
//创建系统用户mysql
#chown -R mysql:mysql /mydata/data
//设置目录属主属组

4.初始化mysql

# cd /usr/local/mysql
# scripts/mysql_install_db --datadir=/mydata/data --user=mysql
//初始化数据库
# chown -R root .
//设置当前目录所有文件属主为root

5.提供脚本

#cd /usr/local/mysql
#cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld
//设置脚本mysqld
#chmod +x /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld
//给脚本执行权限
# chkconfig --add mysqld
//添加开机启动
# chkconfig mysqld on

6.提供配文件

#cd /usr/local/mysql
#cp support-files/my-large.cnf /etc/my.cnf
#vim /etc/my.cnf
thread_concurrency = 2
//修改，并发线程数，bithread_concurrency的值为CPU个数乘以2
datadir = /mydata/data
#添加,mysql数据文件的存放路径：

7.其他配置

# vim /etc/profile.d/mysqld.sh
exportPATH=/usr/local/mysql/bin:$PATH
# source /etc/profile.d/mysqld.sh
#vim /etc/man.config
MANPATH /usr/local/mysql/man//添加此行
# ln -sv /usr/local/mysql/include /usr/include/mysql
//输出mysql的头文件至系统头文件路径/usr/include
# echo ‘/usr/local/mysql/lib‘ > /etc/ld.so.conf.d/mysql.conf
//输出mysql的库文件给系统库
#ldconfig //重载系统库：

8.启动服务

# service mysqld start
# ss -tnl | grep 3306

9.用户初始化

#mysql
mysql> use mysql
mysql> selecthost,user,password from user;
mysql> DELETE FROM user WHERE user = ‘‘; //删除空用户
mysql> DELETE FROM user WHERE user = ‘::1‘; //删除ipv6用户
mysql> UPDATE user SET password = PASSWORD(‘Hoolee‘) WHERE password = ‘‘;
//为root用户设置密码
mysql> FLUSH PRIVILEGES;

五、安装php服务器

1.解决开发环境和依赖关系

# yum -y install bzip2-devel
# yum -y install libmcrypt-devel
# yum -y groupinstall "Desktop Platform Development"

2.安装php

# tar xf php-5.4.26.tar.bz2
# cd /usr/src/php-5.4.26/
# ./configure--prefix=/usr/local/php --with-openssl
--with-mysql=mysqlnd --with-mysqli=mysqlnd --with-pdo-mysql=mysqlnd
--enable-mbstring --with-freetype-dir --with-jpeg-dir
--with-png-dir --with-zlib--with-libxml-dir=/usr --enable-xml
--enable-sockets --with-apxs2=/usr/local/apache2/bin/apxs
--with-mcrypt --with-config-file-path=/etc --with-config-file-scan-dir=/etc/php.d
--with-bz2 --enable-maintainer-zts
# make && make install

3.提供配置文件

# cp php.ini-production /etc/php.ini

4.为php-fpm提供脚本，并将其添加到服务列表

# cp sapi/fpm/init.d.php-fpm /etc/rc.d/init.d/php-fpm
# chmod +x /etc/rc.d/init.d/php-fpm
# chkconfig --add php-fpm
# chkconfig php-fpm on

5.为php-fpm提供配置文件

# cp /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.conf.default /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.conf

6.编辑php-fpm配置文件

# vim /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.conf
pm.max_children = 150
pm.start_servers = 8
pm.min_spare_servers = 5
pm.max_spare_servers = 10
pid = /usr/local/php/var/run/php-fpm.pid
listen = 172.16.1.11:9000

7.启动php-fpm

# service php-fpm start
# ps -aux | grep php-fpm

六、安装php加速器xcache

1.安装xcache

# tar xf xcache-3.0.3.tar.gz
# cd xcache-3.0.3
# /usr/local/php/bin/phpize
//phpize是用来安装php扩展模块的，通过phpize可以建立php的
外挂模块，若你想在原来编译好的php中加入memcached或者
ImageMagick等扩展模块，就需要使用phpize
# # ./configure --enable=xcache --with-php-config=/usr/local/php/bin/
php-config
# make && make install
//显示xcache模块路径：/usr/local/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-zts-20100525/

2.编辑配置文件，整合php + xcache

# vim xcache.ini
//添加模块路径
extension = /usr/local/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-zts-20100525/xcache.so
# cp xcache.ini /etc/php.d/

3.重启php-fpm

# service php-fpm restart

七、配置nginx

1.编辑/etc/nginx/nginx.conf,实现动静分离

worker_processes 2; #worker进程的个数
error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log notice; #错误日志路径及级别
events {
worker_connections 1024; #每个worker能够并发响应的最大请求数
}
http {
include mime.types; #支持多媒体类型
default_type application/octet-stream;
sendfile on; #由内核直接转发
#keepalive_timeout 0;
keepalive_timeout 5; #持久连接5s
gzip on; #开启压缩功能
server {
listen 80;
server_name www.hoo.com;
add_header X-via $server_addr; #让客户端能够看到代理服务器的IP
location / {
root html;
index index.php index.html index.htm;
}
location ~* \.(jpg|jpeg|png|gif|js|css)$ { #匹配静态内容
root html; #默认目录在/usr/local/nginx/html
}
location ~ \.php$ { #匹配动态php文件
root html;
fastcgi_pass 172.16.7.11:9000; #代理到的服务器
fastcgi_index index.php;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME scripts$fastcgi_script_name;
include fastcgi_params;
}
}
}

2.编辑/etc/nginx/fastcgi_params

fastcgi_param GATEWAY_INTERFACE CGI/1.1;
fastcgi_param SERVER_SOFTWARE nginx;
fastcgi_param QUERY_STRING $query_string;
fastcgi_param REQUEST_METHOD $request_method;
fastcgi_param CONTENT_TYPE $content_type;
fastcgi_param CONTENT_LENGTH $content_length;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_NAME $fastcgi_script_name;
fastcgi_param REQUEST_URI $request_uri;
fastcgi_param DOCUMENT_URI $document_uri;
fastcgi_param DOCUMENT_ROOT $document_root;
fastcgi_param SERVER_PROTOCOL $server_protocol;
fastcgi_param REMOTE_ADDR $remote_addr;
fastcgi_param REMOTE_PORT $remote_port;
fastcgi_param SERVER_ADDR $server_addr;
fastcgi_param SERVER_PORT $server_port;
fastcgi_param SERVER_NAME $server_name;

3.重载nginx

# service nginx reload

八、安装Memcached服务器

1.memcached特性

Memcached是一款开发工具，它既不是一个代码加速器，也不是数据库中间件。其设计哲学思想主要反映在如下方面：

（1）简单key/value存储：服务器不关心数据本身的意义及结构，只要是可序列化数据即可。存储项由“键、过期时间、可选的标志及数据”四个部分组成；

（2）功能的实现一半依赖于客户端，一半基于服务器端：客户负责发送存储项至服务器端、从服务端获取数据以及无法连接至服务器时采用相应的动作；服务端负责接收、存储数据，并负责数据项的超时过期；

（3）各服务器间彼此无视：不在服务器间进行数据同步；

（4）O(1)的执行效率

（5）清理超期数据：默认情况下，Memcached是一个LRU缓存，同时，它按事先预订的时长清理超期数据；但事实上，memcached不会删除任何已缓存数据，只是在其过期之后不再为客户所见；而且，memcached也不会真正按期限清理缓存，而仅是当get命令到达时检查其时长；

2.安装memcached

a).部署开发环境，解决依赖关系

# yum groupinstall "Development Tools" "Server Platform Deveopment" -y
# yum install -y libevent-devel

b).编译安装memcached

# tar xf memcached-1.4.15.tar.gz
# cd memcached-1.4.15
# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/memcached --with-libevent=/usr/local/libevent
# make && make install

c).为memcached提供启动脚本

#!/bin/bash
#
# Init file for memcached
#
# chkconfig: - 86 14
# description: Distributed memory caching daemon
#
# processname: memcached
# config: /etc/sysconfig/memcached
. /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions
## Default variables
PORT="11211"
USER="nobody"
MAXCONN="1024"
CACHESIZE="64"
OPTIONS=""
RETVAL=0
prog="/usr/local/memcached/bin/memcached"
desc="Distributed memory caching"
lockfile="/var/lock/subsys/memcached"
start() {
echo -n $"Starting $desc (memcached): "
daemon $prog -d -p $PORT -u $USER -c $MAXCONN -m $CACHESIZE -o "$OPTIONS"
RETVAL=$?
[ $RETVAL -eq 0 ] && success && touch $lockfile || failure
echo
return $RETVAL
}
stop() {
echo -n $"Shutting down $desc (memcached): "
killproc $prog
RETVAL=$?
[ $RETVAL -eq 0 ] && success && rm -f $lockfile || failure
echo
return $RETVAL
}
restart() {
stop
start
}
reload() {
echo -n $"Reloading $desc ($prog): "
killproc $prog -HUP
RETVAL=$?
[ $RETVAL -eq 0 ] && success || failure
echo
return $RETVAL
}
case "$1" in
start)
start
;;
stop)
stop
;;
restart)
restart
;;
condrestart)
[ -e $lockfile ] && restart
RETVAL=$?
;;
reload)
reload
;;
status)
status $prog
RETVAL=$?
;;
*)
echo $"Usage: $0 {start|stop|restart|condrestart|status}"
RETVAL=1
esac
exit $RETVAL

d).添加memcached至服务列表

# chmod +x /etc/init.d/memcached
# chkconfig --add memcached
# service memcached start

e).检查是否运行

# ss -tnlp | grep 11211

九、安装php的memcached扩展

1.安装memcached扩展

# tar xf memcache-2.2.7.tgz
# cd memcache-2.2.7
# /usr/local/php/bin/phpize
# ./configure --with-php-config=/usr/local/php/bin/php-config --enable-memcache
# make && make install

2.编辑配置文件，整合php + memcached

# vim xcache.ini
//添加模块路径
extension = /usr/local/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-zts-20100525/memcache.so

3.重启php-fpm

# service php-fpm restart

4.对memcached功能进行测试，在网站目录中建立测试页面test.php

//php服务器
# vim test.php
<?php
$mem = new Memcache;
$mem->connect("172.16.1.13", 11211) or die("Could not connect");
$version = $mem->getVersion();
echo "Server‘s version: ".$version."<br/>\n";
$mem->set(‘hellokey‘, ‘Hello World‘, 0, 600) or die("Failed to save data at the memcached server");
echo "Store data in the cache (data will expire in 600 seconds)<br/>\n";
$get_result = $mem->get(‘hellokey‘);
echo "$get_result is from memcached server.";
?>
~