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JAVA静态&动态代理

时间:2017-08-17 00:32:04      阅读:243      评论:0      收藏:0      [点我收藏+]

标签:方法调用   style   his   nts   declared   cto   hellip   ror   引用   

具体场景

  • 为了使代理类和被代理类对第三方有相同的函数,代理类和被代理类一般实现一个公共的interface,该interface定义如下
    public interface Calculator {
        public Integer add(Integer num1, Integer num2);
        public Integer minus(Integer num1, Integer num2);
    }
  • 被代理类定义如下
    public class CalculatorImpl implements Calculator {
    
        @Override
        public Integer add(Integer num1, Integer num2) {
            int ret = num1 + num2;
            System.out.println("in calculatorImpl, res: " + ret);
            return ret;
        }
        
        @Override
        public Integer minus(Integer num1, Integer num2) {
            int ret = num1 - num2;
            System.out.println("int calculatorImpl, res: " + ret);
            return ret;
        }
    
    }
  • 代理需求:在add函数和minus函数调用前后分别输出before invocation和after invocation字样

静态代理解决方案

  • 代码如下:简单直接,无需赘言,如果calculator里边不仅有add和minus,还有divide,product,log,sin…呢,呵呵哒
    public class StaticCalculatorProxy implements Calculator {
        Calculator obj;
        
        public StaticCalculatorProxy(Calculator obj) {
            this.obj = obj;    
        }
    
        @Override
        public Integer add(Integer num1, Integer num2) {
            System.out.println("in StaticCalculatorProxy, before invocation");
            Integer ret = obj.add(num1, num2);
            System.out.println("in StaticCalculatorProxy, after invocation");
            return ret;
        }
    
        @Override
        public Integer minus(Integer num1, Integer num2) {
            System.out.println("in StaticCalculatorProxy, before invocation");
            Integer ret = obj.minus(num1, num2);
            System.out.println("in StaticCalculatorProxy, after invocation");
            return ret;
        }
    
    }

动态代理解决方案

  • 首先编写实现InvocationHandler接口的类,用于请求转发,实现如下
    public class CalculatorHandler implements InvocationHandler {
        
        private Object obj; //被代理类
        
        public CalculatorHandler(Object obj) {
            this.obj = obj;
        }
    
        @Override
        public Object invoke(Object proxy, Method method, Object[] args) throws Throwable {
            System.out.println("in calculatorhandler, before invocation");
            
            Object ret = method.invoke(obj, args);  //执行被代理类方法
            
            System.out.println("in calculationhandler, after invocation");
            return ret;
        }
    
    }
  • 生成动态代理
    CalculatorImpl calculatorImpl = new CalculatorImpl();//被代理类
    CalculatorHandler calculatorHandler = new CalculatorHandler(calculatorImpl);
    Calculator calculator = (Calculator) Proxy.newProxyInstance(calculatorImpl.getClass().getClassLoader(), calculatorImpl.getClass().getInterfaces(), calculatorHandler);
    System.out.println(calculator.add(1,2));
    System.out.println(calculator.minus(1, 2));

    无论calculator中包含多少函数,动态代理只需实现一次,实际工程中,System.out.println(“in calculatorhandler, before invocation”)可能是加缓存,打日志等操作

动态代理工作原理

  • 为了搞清楚动态代理如何工作,首先看看生成的动态代理的代码是什么,借助[1]中ProxyUtil代码
    public class ProxyUtils {
    
        /**
         * Save proxy class to path
         * 
         * @param path path to save proxy class
         * @param proxyClassName name of proxy class
         * @param interfaces interfaces of proxy class
         * @return
         */
        public static boolean saveProxyClass(String path, String proxyClassName, Class[] interfaces) {
            if (proxyClassName == null || path == null) {
                return false;
            }
    
            // get byte of proxy class
            byte[] classFile = ProxyGenerator.generateProxyClass(proxyClassName, interfaces);
            FileOutputStream out = null;
            try {
                out = new FileOutputStream(path);
                out.write(classFile);
                out.flush();
                return true;
            } catch (Exception e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            } finally {
                try {
                    out.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
            return false;
        }
    }
  • 得到了生成的动态代理代码如下:
    public final class $Proxy0 extends Proxy
        implements Calculator
    {
    
        public $Proxy0(InvocationHandler invocationhandler)
        {
            super(invocationhandler);
        }
    
        public final boolean equals(Object obj)
        {
            try
            {
                return ((Boolean)super.h.invoke(this, m1, new Object[] {
                    obj
                })).booleanValue();
            }
            catch(Error _ex) { }
            catch(Throwable throwable)
            {
                throw new UndeclaredThrowableException(throwable);
            }
        }
    
        public final String toString()
        {
            try
            {
                return (String)super.h.invoke(this, m2, null);
            }
            catch(Error _ex) { }
            catch(Throwable throwable)
            {
                throw new UndeclaredThrowableException(throwable);
            }
        }
    
        public final Integer minus(Integer integer, Integer integer1)
        {
            try
            {
                return (Integer)super.h.invoke(this, m4, new Object[] {
                    integer, integer1
                });
            }
            catch(Error _ex) { }
            catch(Throwable throwable)
            {
                throw new UndeclaredThrowableException(throwable);
            }
        }
    
        public final Integer add(Integer integer, Integer integer1)
        {
            try
            {
                return (Integer)super.h.invoke(this, m3, new Object[] {
                    integer, integer1
                });
            }
            catch(Error _ex) { }
            catch(Throwable throwable)
            {
                throw new UndeclaredThrowableException(throwable);
            }
        }
    
        public final int hashCode()
        {
            try
            {
                return ((Integer)super.h.invoke(this, m0, null)).intValue();
            }
            catch(Error _ex) { }
            catch(Throwable throwable)
            {
                throw new UndeclaredThrowableException(throwable);
            }
        }
    
        private static Method m1;
        private static Method m2;
        private static Method m4;
        private static Method m3;
        private static Method m0;
    
        static 
        {
            try
            {
                m1 = Class.forName("java.lang.Object").getMethod("equals", new Class[] {
                    Class.forName("java.lang.Object")
                });
                m2 = Class.forName("java.lang.Object").getMethod("toString", new Class[0]);
                m4 = Class.forName("com.langrx.mq.Calculator").getMethod("minus", new Class[] {
                    Class.forName("java.lang.Integer"), Class.forName("java.lang.Integer")
                });
                m3 = Class.forName("com.langrx.mq.Calculator").getMethod("add", new Class[] {
                    Class.forName("java.lang.Integer"), Class.forName("java.lang.Integer")
                });
                m0 = Class.forName("java.lang.Object").getMethod("hashCode", new Class[0]);
            }
            catch(NoSuchMethodException nosuchmethodexception)
            {
                throw new NoSuchMethodError(nosuchmethodexception.getMessage());
            }
            catch(ClassNotFoundException classnotfoundexception)
            {
                throw new NoClassDefFoundError(classnotfoundexception.getMessage());
            }
        }
    }
  • 有点长,按照初始化顺序慢慢来分析,首先分析静态代码块:
    m1 = Class.forName("java.lang.Object").getMethod("equals", new Class[] {
                        Class.forName("java.lang.Object")
                    });
    m2 = Class.forName("java.lang.Object").getMethod("toString", new Class[0]);
    m4 = Class.forName("com.langrx.mq.Calculator").getMethod("minus", new Class[] {
                        Class.forName("java.lang.Integer"), Class.forName("java.lang.Integer")
                    });
    m3 = Class.forName("com.langrx.mq.Calculator").getMethod("add", new Class[] {
                        Class.forName("java.lang.Integer"), Class.forName("java.lang.Integer")
                    });
    m0 = Class.forName("java.lang.Object").getMethod("hashCode", new Class[0]);

    得到公共interface中的add函数和minus函数对应的Method方法,同事也得到了equals,toString,hashCode三个函数的Method,所以调用代理类的equals,toString,hashCode也是要执行被代理类的方法的,知道这点很有必要

  • 构造函数
    public $Proxy0(InvocationHandler invocationhandler)
    {
            super(invocationhandler);
    }

    初始化了内部的InvocationHandler变量,也就是下文的super.h

  • 以add为例看一下请求的转发
    public final Integer add(Integer integer, Integer integer1)
    {
        try
        {
            return (Integer)super.h.invoke(this, m3, new Object[] {
                integer, integer1
            });
        }
        catch(Error _ex) { }
        catch(Throwable throwable)
        {
            throw new UndeclaredThrowableException(throwable);
        }
    }

    super.h.invoke就是invocationhandler.invoke就是传入的CalculatorHandler中实现的

    @Override
    public Object invoke(Object proxy, Method method, Object[] args) throws Throwable {
        System.out.println("in calculatorhandler, before invocation");
        
        Object ret = method.invoke(obj, args);  //执行被代理类方法
        
        System.out.println("in calculationhandler, after invocation");
        return ret;
    }

    最终执行的就是CalculatorHandler对应的invoke函数

总结

Calculator calculator = (Calculator) Proxy.newProxyInstance(calculatorImpl.getClass().getClassLoader(), calculatorImpl.getClass().getInterfaces(), calculatorHandler);

生成动态代理的过程步骤如下[2]:

// InvocationHandlerImpl 实现了 InvocationHandler 接口,并能实现方法调用从代理类到委托类的分派转发
// 其内部通常包含指向委托类实例的引用,用于真正执行分派转发过来的方法调用
InvocationHandler handler = new InvocationHandlerImpl(..); 
 
// 通过 Proxy 为包括 Interface 接口在内的一组接口动态创建代理类的类对象
Class clazz = Proxy.getProxyClass(classLoader, new Class[] { Interface.class, ... }); 
 
// 通过反射从生成的类对象获得构造函数对象
Constructor constructor = clazz.getConstructor(new Class[] { InvocationHandler.class }); 
 
// 通过构造函数对象创建动态代理类实例
Interface Proxy = (Interface)constructor.newInstance(new Object[] { handler });

Proxy.newProxyInstance帮我们做了2,3,4步,直接返回给我们一个动态代理对象,代理对象最终执行InvocationHandler中invoke函数。顺便强推文章[2]

References

  1. https://github.com/android-cn/android-open-project-demo/tree/master/java-dynamic-proxy
  2. https://www.ibm.com/developerworks/cn/java/j-lo-proxy1/index.html

JAVA静态&动态代理

标签:方法调用   style   his   nts   declared   cto   hellip   ror   引用   

原文地址:http://www.cnblogs.com/cb0327/p/7376607.html

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