标签：toc ota for method scores text print 注释 def
并集：union |
交集：intersection &
差集：difference -
对称差集: symmetric_difference ^
实例如下：
a={1,2,3,4,5}
b={2,3,5,7,9}
print(a | b)
print(a - b)
print(a ^ b)
print(a & b)
print("*"*50)
print("*"*50)
print(a.union(b))
print(a.difference(b))
print(a.symmetric_difference(b))
print(a.intersection(b))
######
{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 9}
{1, 4}
{1, 4, 7, 9}
{2, 3, 5}
**************************************************
**************************************************
{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 9}
{1, 4}
{1, 4, 7, 9}
{2, 3, 5}
定义函数时可对函数的参数以及返回值的类型进行注释
注意：
1）函数注释仅仅提到提示作用，并不会对输入的参数或或返回值进行类型检查和限制
2）函数注释可通过Function.__annotations__进行查看
def foo(x: int, y: float) -> str: return str(x + y) print(foo(3, 4)) print(foo(‘a‘, ‘b‘)) print(foo.__annotations__) 7 ab {‘x‘: <class ‘int‘>, ‘y‘: <class ‘float‘>, ‘return‘: <class ‘str‘>} def f(ham: str, eggs: str = ‘eggs‘) -> str: print("Annotations:", f.__annotations__) print("Arguments:", ham, eggs) return ham + ‘ and ‘ + eggs f(‘spam‘) Annotations: {‘ham‘: <class ‘str‘>, ‘return‘: <class ‘str‘>, ‘eggs‘: <class ‘str‘>} Arguments: spam eggs ‘spam and eggs‘
django中接收requests模块提交的数据，需添加自定义的请求头需遵循一定的规则
1) 字典headers定义请求头的键值对，键中的单词之间以-分割（_分割不会被识别）
2）请求头到达服务端后解析后存在于字典中requests.META
3）客户端请求头的键在服务端发生了改变
1. 客户端的键之前添加http_
2. 将上述处理的键转化为大写
3. 将-替换为_
auth-api ====> request.META.get("HTTP_AUTH_API")
import requests
response=requests.get("http://127.0.0.1:8000/test.html",headers={‘auth-api‘:auth_header_val})
print(response.text)
部分源码如下（需进一步整理）
#django.core.servers.basehttp.py
class WSGIRequestHandler(simple_server.WSGIRequestHandler, object): ...... def get_environ(self): # Strip all headers with underscores in the name before constructing # the WSGI environ. This prevents header-spoofing based on ambiguity # between underscores and dashes both normalized to underscores in WSGI # env vars. Nginx and Apache 2.4+ both do this as well. for k, v in self.headers.items(): if ‘_‘ in k: del self.headers[k] return super(WSGIRequestHandler, self).get_environ()
#wsgiref.simpleserver.py
class WSGIRequestHandler(BaseHTTPRequestHandler): server_version = "WSGIServer/" + __version__ def get_environ(self): env = self.server.base_environ.copy() env[‘SERVER_PROTOCOL‘] = self.request_version env[‘SERVER_SOFTWARE‘] = self.server_version env[‘REQUEST_METHOD‘] = self.command if ‘?‘ in self.path: path,query = self.path.split(‘?‘,1) else: path,query = self.path,‘‘ env[‘PATH_INFO‘] = urllib.parse.unquote(path, ‘iso-8859-1‘) env[‘QUERY_STRING‘] = query host = self.address_string() if host != self.client_address[0]: env[‘REMOTE_HOST‘] = host env[‘REMOTE_ADDR‘] = self.client_address[0] if self.headers.get(‘content-type‘) is None: env[‘CONTENT_TYPE‘] = self.headers.get_content_type() else: env[‘CONTENT_TYPE‘] = self.headers[‘content-type‘] length = self.headers.get(‘content-length‘) if length: env[‘CONTENT_LENGTH‘] = length for k, v in self.headers.items(): k=k.replace(‘-‘,‘_‘).upper(); v=v.strip() if k in env: continue # skip content length, type,etc. if ‘HTTP_‘+k in env: env[‘HTTP_‘+k] += ‘,‘+v # comma-separate multiple headers else: env[‘HTTP_‘+k] = v return env
标签：toc ota for method scores text print 注释 def
原文地址：http://www.cnblogs.com/NewTaul/p/7618021.html
