mysql外键

标签：外键

https://stackoverflow.com/questions/1905470/cannot-delete-or-update-a-parent-row-a-foreign-key-constraint-fails

CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `advertisers` (

  `advertiser_id` int(11) unsigned NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,

  `name` varchar(255) NOT NULL,

  `password` char(32) NOT NULL,

  `email` varchar(128) NOT NULL,

  `address` varchar(255) NOT NULL,

  `phone` varchar(255) NOT NULL,

  `fax` varchar(255) NOT NULL,

  `session_token` char(30) NOT NULL,

  PRIMARY KEY (`advertiser_id`),

  UNIQUE KEY `email` (`email`)

) ENGINE=InnoDB  DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 AUTO_INCREMENT=2 ;

INSERT INTO `advertisers` (`advertiser_id`, `name`, `password`, `email`, `address`, `phone`, `fax`, `session_token`) VALUES

(1, ‘TEST COMPANY‘, ‘‘, ‘‘, ‘‘, ‘‘, ‘‘, ‘‘);

CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `jobs` (

  `job_id` int(11) unsigned NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,

  `advertiser_id` int(11) unsigned NOT NULL,

  `name` varchar(255) NOT NULL,

  `shortdesc` varchar(255) NOT NULL,

  `longdesc` text NOT NULL,

  `address` varchar(255) NOT NULL,

  `time_added` int(11) NOT NULL,

  `active` tinyint(1) NOT NULL,

  `moderated` tinyint(1) NOT NULL,

  PRIMARY KEY (`job_id`),

  KEY `advertiser_id` (`advertiser_id`,`active`,`moderated`)

) ENGINE=InnoDB  DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 AUTO_INCREMENT=2 ;

INSERT INTO `jobs` (`job_id`, `advertiser_id`, `name`, `shortdesc`, `longdesc`, `address`, `active`, `moderated`) VALUES

(1, 1, ‘TEST‘, ‘TESTTEST‘, ‘TESTTESTES‘, ‘‘, 0, 0);

ALTER TABLE `advertisers`

  ADD CONSTRAINT `advertisers_ibfk_1` FOREIGN KEY (`advertiser_id`) REFERENCES `jobs` (`advertiser_id`);

1.第一种情况

advertisers 设置外键

advertisers_ibfk_1 advertiser_id db03 jobs advertiser_id CASCADE RESTRICT

那么

删除的话，父和字表都可以删除，如果RESTRICT，父表不能删除

更新和插入的话，必须先插入字表，然后在插入父表，而且advertiser_id必须一致

比如

INSERT INTO `jobs` (`job_id`, `advertiser_id`, `name`, `shortdesc`, `longdesc`, `address`, `active`, `moderated`) VALUES

(1, 2, ‘TEST‘, ‘TESTTEST‘, ‘TESTTESTES‘, ‘‘, 0, 0);

INSERT INTO `advertisers` (`advertiser_id`, `name`, `password`, `email`, `address`, `phone`, `fax`, `session_token`) VALUES

(2, ‘TEST COMPANY‘, ‘‘, ‘‘, ‘‘, ‘‘, ‘‘, ‘‘);

2.第二种情况

如果两个表都设置了外键

ALTER TABLE `jobs`

ADD FOREIGN KEY (`advertiser_id`) REFERENCES `advertisers` (`advertiser_id`);

advertiser

advertisers_ibfk_1 advertiser_id db03 jobs advertiser_id CASCADE RESTRICT

jobs

jobs_ibfk_1 advertiser_id db03 advertisers advertiser_id RESTRICT RESTRICT

delete from advertisers where advertiser_id=‘2‘; 无法删除

INSERT INTO `advertisers` (`advertiser_id`, `name`, `password`, `email`, `address`, `phone`, `fax`, `session_token`) VALUES

(3, ‘TEST COMPANY‘, ‘‘, ‘‘, ‘‘, ‘‘, ‘‘, ‘‘);

INSERT INTO `jobs` (`job_id`, `advertiser_id`, `name`, `shortdesc`, `longdesc`, `address`, `active`, `moderated`) VALUES

(2, 3, ‘TEST‘, ‘TESTTEST‘, ‘TESTTESTES‘, ‘‘, 0, 0);

执行两个insert全部报错

[SQL]INSERT INTO `jobs` (`job_id`, `advertiser_id`, `name`, `shortdesc`, `longdesc`, `address`, `active`, `moderated`) VALUES

(2, 3, ‘TEST‘, ‘TESTTEST‘, ‘TESTTESTES‘, ‘‘, 0, 0);

[Err] 1452 - Cannot add or update a child row: a foreign key constraint fails (`db03`.`jobs`, CONSTRAINT `jobs_ibfk_1` FOREIGN KEY (`advertiser_id`) REFERENCES `advertisers` (`advertiser_id`))

外键总结

1.CASCADE RESTRICT的区别

2.如果是RESTRICT，insert必须先插入字表，就是没有外键的表

3.如果是RESTRICT，delete必须先删父表，然后再删除子表

4.如果是整个drop 父表，还是会报错的，只能先禁用外键

本文出自 “要有梦想，万一实现了呢” 博客，请务必保留此出处http://szgb17.blog.51cto.com/340201/1971646

mysql外键

标签：外键

原文地址：http://szgb17.blog.51cto.com/340201/1971646