现实中有很多场景需要用到多对一或者一对多，比如上面这两个类图所展现出来的，一般情况下，一个部门会有多名员工，一名员工只在一个部门任职。
多对一关联映射
在上面的场景中，对于Employee来说，它跟Department的关系就是多对一。
先写实体类
Employee.java
package entity; public class Employee { public int id; public String name; public Department department; public int getId() { return id; } public void setId(int id) { this.id = id; } public String getName() { return name; } public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; } public Department getDepartment() { return department; } public void setDepartment(Department department) { this.department = department; } }
Department.java
package entity; public class Department { public int id; public String name; public int getId() { return id; } public void setId(int id) { this.id = id; } public String getName() { return name; } public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; } }
配置多对一关系时，设计实体类时，除了写出最基本的属性（比如Employee的id、name），在对应“多”的那个类（比如Employee.java）中添加对应“一”那个类的引用（比如上面的department）。
映射文件
Employee.hbm.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
"http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">
<hibernate-mapping>
<class name="entity.Employee" table="t_employee">
<id name="id">
<generator class="native"/>
</id>
<property name="name"/>
<many-to-one name="department" column="departmentid"/>
</class>
</hibernate-mapping>
Department.hbm.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
"http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">
<<hibernate-mapping>
<class name="entity.Department" table="t_Department">
<id name="id">
<generator class="native"/>
</id>
<property name="name"></property>
</class>
</hibernate-mapping>
映射文件中的内容基本上跟它关联的类中的字段都是对应的。主键配置在<id></id>中，基本字段配置在<property/>中，对其他类的引用配置在<many-to-one/>中。
建表
drop table t_department
drop table if exists t_employee
--建表
create table t_department (id integer primary key , name varchar(255));
--建序列
CREATE SEQUENCE department_sequence
INCREMENT BY 1 -- 每次加几个
START WITH 1 -- 从1开始计数
NOMAXVALUE -- 不设置最大值
NOCYCLE -- 一直累加，不循环
NOCACHE -- 不建缓冲区
--建立触发器
create trigger t_department_trig before
insert on t_department for each row when (new.id is null)
begin
select department_sequence.nextval into:new.id from dual;
end;
创建表
create table t_employee (id integer primary key , name varchar(255), departmentid integer);
--建序列
CREATE SEQUENCE employee_sequence
INCREMENT BY 1 -- 每次加几个
START WITH 1 -- 从1开始计数
NOMAXVALUE -- 不设置最大值
NOCYCLE -- 一直累加，不循环
NOCACHE -- 不建缓冲区
NOCACHE -- 不建缓冲区
--建立触发器
create trigger t_employee_trig before
insert on t_employee for each row when (new.id is null)
begin
select employee_sequence.nextval into:new.id from dual;
end;
--创建外键关联
alter table t_employee add constraint fk_departmentid foreign key (departmentid) references t_department(id);
一执行,发现报错了:
org.hibernate.TransientObjectException: object references an unsaved transient instance - save the transient instance before flushing: entity.Department
一看错误就知道，这是因为department还在Transient状态时，session是不能对其操作的。所以可以在事务提交之前先save一下department：
session.beginTransaction(); Department department=new Department(); department.setName("信息部"); Employee employee1=new Employee(); employee1.setName("小胡"); employee1.setDepartment(department); Employee employee2=new Employee(); employee2.setName("小玉"); employee2.setDepartment(department); session.save(department); session.save(employee1); session.save(employee2); session.getTransaction().commit();
