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netty源码分析之服务端启动

时间:2018-11-05 00:00:33      阅读:250      评论:0      收藏:0      [点我收藏+]

标签:const   provider   parent   proc   hose   tab   last   HERE   factory   

ServerBootstrap与Bootstrap分别是netty中服务端与客户端的引导类,主要负责服务端与客户端初始化、配置及启动引导等工作,接下来我们就通过netty源码中的示例对ServerBootstrap与Bootstrap的源码进行一个简单的分析。首先我们知道这两个类都继承自AbstractBootstrap类
技术分享图片

接下来我们就通过netty源码中ServerBootstrap的实例入手对其进行一个简单的分析。

// Configure the server.
EventLoopGroup bossGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup(1);
EventLoopGroup workerGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup();
final EchoServerHandler serverHandler = new EchoServerHandler();
try {
//初始化一个服务端引导类
ServerBootstrap b = new ServerBootstrap();
b.group(bossGroup, workerGroup) //设置线程组
.channel(NioServerSocketChannel.class)//设置ServerSocketChannel的IO模型 分为epoll与Nio
.option(ChannelOption.SO_BACKLOG, 100)//设置option参数,保存成一个LinkedHashMap<ChannelOption<?>, Object>()
.handler(new LoggingHandler(LogLevel.INFO))//这个hanlder 只专属于 ServerSocketChannel 而不是 SocketChannel。
.childHandler(new ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel>() { //这个handler 将会在每个客户端连接的时候调用。供 SocketChannel 使用。br/>@Override
public void initChannel(SocketChannel ch) throws Exception {
ChannelPipeline p = ch.pipeline();
if (sslCtx != null) {
p.addLast(sslCtx.newHandler(ch.alloc()));
}
//p.addLast(new LoggingHandler(LogLevel.INFO));
p.addLast(serverHandler);
}
});

        // Start the server. 启动服务
        ChannelFuture f = b.bind(PORT).sync();

        // Wait until the server socket is closed.
        f.channel().closeFuture().sync();
    } finally {
        // Shut down all event loops to terminate all threads.
        bossGroup.shutdownGracefully();
        workerGroup.shutdownGracefully();
    }

            接下来我们主要从服务端的socket在哪里初始化与哪里accept连接这两个问题入手对netty服务端启动的流程进行分析;

我们首先要知道,netty服务的启动其实可以分为以下四步:

创建服务端Channel
初始化服务端Channel
注册Selector
端口绑定
一、创建服务端Channel

1、服务端Channel的创建,主要为以下流程
技术分享图片
我们通过跟踪代码能够看到

final ChannelFuture regFuture = initAndRegister();// 初始化并创建 NioServerSocketChannel

我们在initAndRegister()中可以看到channel的初始化。

channel = channelFactory.newChannel(); // 通过 反射工厂创建一个 NioServerSocketChannel

我进一步看newChannel()中的源码,在ReflectiveChannelFactory这个反射工厂中,通过clazz这个类的反射创建了一个服务端的channel。

@Override
public T newChannel() {
try {
return clazz.getConstructor().newInstance();//反射创建
} catch (Throwable t) {
throw new ChannelException("Unable to create Channel from class " + clazz, t);
}
}

    既然通过反射,我们就要知道clazz类是什么,那么我我们来看下channelFactory这个工厂类是在哪里初始化的,初始化的时候我们传入了哪个channel。

这里我们需要看下demo实例中初始化ServerBootstrap时.channel(NioServerSocketChannel.class)这里的具体实现,我们看下源码

public B channel(Class<? extends C> channelClass) {
if (channelClass == null) {
throw new NullPointerException("channelClass");
}
return channelFactory(new ReflectiveChannelFactory<C>(channelClass));
}

    通过上面的代码我可以直观的看出正是在这里我们通过NioServerSocketChannel这个类构造了一个反射工厂。

那么到这里就很清楚了,我们创建的Channel就是一个NioServerSocketChannel,那么具体的创建我们就需要看下这个类的构造函数。首先我们看下一个NioServerSocketChannel创建的具体流程
技术分享图片
首先是newsocket(),我们先看下具体的代码,在NioServerSocketChannel的构造函数中我们创建了一个jdk原生的ServerSocketChannel

/**

  • Create a new instance
    */
    public NioServerSocketChannel() {
    this(newSocket(DEFAULT_SELECTOR_PROVIDER));//传入默认的SelectorProvider
    }
private static ServerSocketChannel newSocket(SelectorProvider provider) {
    try {
        /**
         *  Use the {@link SelectorProvider} to open {@link SocketChannel} and so remove condition in
         *  {@link SelectorProvider#provider()} which is called by each ServerSocketChannel.open() otherwise.
         *
         *  See <a href="https://github.com/netty/netty/issues/2308">#2308</a>.
         */
        return provider.openServerSocketChannel();//可以看到创建的是jdk底层的ServerSocketChannel 
    } catch (IOException e) {
        throw new ChannelException(
                "Failed to open a server socket.", e);
    }
}

    第二步是通过NioServerSocketChannelConfig配置服务端Channel的构造函数,在代码中我们可以看到我们把NioServerSocketChannel这个类传入到了NioServerSocketChannelConfig的构造函数中进行配置

/**

  • Create a new instance using the given {@link ServerSocketChannel}.
    */
    public NioServerSocketChannel(ServerSocketChannel channel) {
    super(null, channel, SelectionKey.OP_ACCEPT);//调用父类构造函数,传入创建的channel
    config = new NioServerSocketChannelConfig(this, javaChannel().socket());
    }
    第三步在父类AbstractNioChannel的构造函数中把创建服务端的Channel设置为非阻塞模式
  /**
  • Create a new instance
  • @param parent the parent {@link Channel} by which this instance was created. May be {@code null}
  • @param ch the underlying {@link SelectableChannel} on which it operates
  • @param readInterestOp the ops to set to receive data from the {@link SelectableChannel}
    */
    protected AbstractNioChannel(Channel parent, SelectableChannel ch, int readInterestOp) {
    super(parent);
    this.ch = ch;//这个ch就是传入的通过jdk创建的Channel
    this.readInterestOp = readInterestOp;
    try {
    ch.configureBlocking(false);//设置为非阻塞
    } catch (IOException e) {
    try {
    ch.close();
    } catch (IOException e2) {
    if (logger.isWarnEnabled()) {
    logger.warn(
    "Failed to close a partially initialized socket.", e2);
    }
    }
        throw new ChannelException("Failed to enter non-blocking mode.", e);
    }
}

    第四步调用AbstractChannel这个抽象类的构造函数设置Channel的id(每个Channel都有一个id,唯一标识),unsafe(tcp相关底层操作),pipeline(逻辑链)等,而不管是服务的Channel还是客户端的Channel都继承自这个抽象类,他们也都会有上述相应的属性。我们看下AbstractChannel的构造函数
  /**
  • Creates a new instance.
  • @param parent
  • the parent of this channel. {@code null} if there‘s no parent.
    */
    protected AbstractChannel(Channel parent) {
    this.parent = parent;
    id = newId();//创建Channel唯一标识
    unsafe = newUnsafe();//netty封装的TCP 相关操作类
    pipeline = newChannelPipeline();//逻辑链
    }
     2、初始化服务端创建的Channel
   init(channel);// 初始化这个 NioServerSocketChannel

我们首先列举下init(channel)中具体都做了哪了些功能:

设置ChannelOptions、ChannelAttrs ,配置服务端Channel的相关属性;
设置ChildOptions、ChildAttrs,配置每个新连接的Channel的相关属性;
Config handler,配置服务端pipeline;
add ServerBootstrapAcceptor,添加连接器,对accpet接受到的新连接进行处理,添加一个nio线程;
那么接下来我们通过代码,对每一步设置进行一下分析:

首先是在SeverBootstrap的init()方法中对ChannelOptions、ChannelAttrs 的配置的关键代码

final Map<ChannelOption<?>, Object> options = options0();//拿到你设置的option
synchronized (options) {
setChannelOptions(channel, options, logger);//设置NioServerSocketChannel相应的TCP参数,其实这一步就是把options设置到channel的config中
}

    final Map<AttributeKey<?>, Object> attrs = attrs0();
    synchronized (attrs) {
        for (Entry<AttributeKey<?>, Object> e: attrs.entrySet()) {
            @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
            AttributeKey<Object> key = (AttributeKey<Object>) e.getKey();
            channel.attr(key).set(e.getValue());
        }
    }

            然后是对ChildOptions、ChildAttrs配置的关键代码
          //可以看到两个都是局部变量,会在下面设置pipeline时用到

final Entry<ChannelOption<?>, Object>[] currentChildOptions;
final Entry<AttributeKey<?>, Object>[] currentChildAttrs;
synchronized (childOptions) {
currentChildOptions = childOptions.entrySet().toArray(newOptionArray(0));
}
synchronized (childAttrs) {
currentChildAttrs = childAttrs.entrySet().toArray(newAttrArray(0));
}

            第三步对服务端Channel的handler进行配置

p.addLast(new ChannelInitializer<Channel>() {br/>@Override
public void initChannel(final Channel ch) throws Exception {
final ChannelPipeline pipeline = ch.pipeline();
ChannelHandler handler = config.handler();//拿到我们自定义的hanler
if (handler != null) {
pipeline.addLast(handler);
}

            ch.eventLoop().execute(new Runnable() {
                @Override
                public void run() {
                    pipeline.addLast(new ServerBootstrapAcceptor(
                            ch, currentChildGroup, currentChildHandler, currentChildOptions, currentChildAttrs));
                }
            });
        }
    });

            第四步添加ServerBootstrapAcceptor连接器,这个是netty向服务端Channel自定义添加的一个handler,用来处理新连接的添加与属性配置,我们来看下关键代码
          ch.eventLoop().execute(new Runnable() {

@Override
public void run() {
//在这里会把我们自定义的ChildGroup、ChildHandler、ChildOptions、ChildAttrs相关配置传入到ServerBootstrapAcceptor构造函数中,并绑定到新的连接上
pipeline.addLast(new ServerBootstrapAcceptor(
ch, currentChildGroup, currentChildHandler, currentChildOptions, currentChildAttrs));
}
});

三、注册Selector

一个服务端的Channel创建完毕后,下一步就是要把它注册到一个事件轮询器Selector上,在initAndRegister()中我们把上面初始化的Channel进行注册

ChannelFuture regFuture = config().group().register(channel);//注册我们已经初始化过的Channel
而这个register具体实现是在AbstractChannel中的AbstractUnsafe抽象类中的
/**

        AbstractChannel.this.eventLoop = eventLoop;//绑定线程

        if (eventLoop.inEventLoop()) {
            register0(promise);//实际的注册过程
        } else {
            try {
                eventLoop.execute(new Runnable() {
                    @Override
                    public void run() {
                        register0(promise);
                    }
                });
            } catch (Throwable t) {
                logger.warn(
                        "Force-closing a channel whose registration task was not accepted by an event loop: {}",
                        AbstractChannel.this, t);
                closeForcibly();
                closeFuture.setClosed();
                safeSetFailure(promise, t);
            }
        }
    }

首先我们对整个注册的流程做一个梳理
技术分享图片
接下来我们进入register0()方法看下注册过程的具体实现

private void register0(ChannelPromise promise) {
try {
// check if the channel is still open as it could be closed in the mean time when the register
// call was outside of the eventLoop
if (!promise.setUncancellable() || !ensureOpen(promise)) {
return;
}
boolean firstRegistration = neverRegistered;
doRegister();//jdk channel的底层注册
neverRegistered = false;
registered = true;

            // 触发绑定的handler事件
            // Ensure we call handlerAdded(...) before we actually notify the promise. This is needed as the
            // user may already fire events through the pipeline in the ChannelFutureListener.
            pipeline.invokeHandlerAddedIfNeeded();

            safeSetSuccess(promise);
            pipeline.fireChannelRegistered();
            // Only fire a channelActive if the channel has never been registered. This prevents firing
            // multiple channel actives if the channel is deregistered and re-registered.
            if (isActive()) {
                if (firstRegistration) {
                    pipeline.fireChannelActive();
                } else if (config().isAutoRead()) {
                    // This channel was registered before and autoRead() is set. This means we need to begin read
                    // again so that we process inbound data.
                    //
                    // See https://github.com/netty/netty/issues/4805
                    beginRead();
                }
            }
        } catch (Throwable t) {
            // Close the channel directly to avoid FD leak.
            closeForcibly();
            closeFuture.setClosed();
            safeSetFailure(promise, t);
        }
    }
AbstractNioChannel中doRegister()的具体实现就是把jdk底层的channel绑定到eventLoop的selecor上

@Override
protected void doRegister() throws Exception {
boolean selected = false;
for (;;) {
try {
//把channel注册到eventLoop上的selector上
selectionKey = javaChannel().register(eventLoop().unwrappedSelector(), 0, this);
return;
} catch (CancelledKeyException e) {
if (!selected) {
// Force the Selector to select now as the "canceled" SelectionKey may still be
// cached and not removed because no Select.select(..) operation was called yet.
eventLoop().selectNow();
selected = true;
} else {
// We forced a select operation on the selector before but the SelectionKey is still cached
// for whatever reason. JDK bug ?
throw e;
}
}
}
}

    到这里netty就把服务端的channel注册到了指定的selector上,下面就是服务端口的邦迪

三、端口绑定

首先我们梳理下netty中服务端口绑定的流程
技术分享图片
我们来看下AbstarctUnsafe中bind()方法的具体实现

@Override
public final void bind(final SocketAddress localAddress, final ChannelPromise promise) {
assertEventLoop();

        if (!promise.setUncancellable() || !ensureOpen(promise)) {
            return;
        }

        // See: https://github.com/netty/netty/issues/576
        if (Boolean.TRUE.equals(config().getOption(ChannelOption.SO_BROADCAST)) &&
            localAddress instanceof InetSocketAddress &&
            !((InetSocketAddress) localAddress).getAddress().isAnyLocalAddress() &&
            !PlatformDependent.isWindows() && !PlatformDependent.maybeSuperUser()) {
            // Warn a user about the fact that a non-root user can‘t receive a
            // broadcast packet on *nix if the socket is bound on non-wildcard address.
            logger.warn(
                    "A non-root user can‘t receive a broadcast packet if the socket " +
                    "is not bound to a wildcard address; binding to a non-wildcard " +
                    "address (" + localAddress + ") anyway as requested.");
        }

        boolean wasActive = isActive();//判断绑定是否完成
        try {
            doBind(localAddress);//底层jdk绑定端口
        } catch (Throwable t) {
            safeSetFailure(promise, t);
            closeIfClosed();
            return;
        }

        if (!wasActive && isActive()) {
            invokeLater(new Runnable() {
                @Override
                public void run() {
                    pipeline.fireChannelActive();//触发ChannelActive事件
                }
            });
        }

        safeSetSuccess(promise);
    }

            在doBind(localAddress)中netty实现了jdk底层端口的绑定
          @Override

protected void doBind(SocketAddress localAddress) throws Exception {
if (PlatformDependent.javaVersion() >= 7) {
javaChannel().bind(localAddress, config.getBacklog());
} else {
javaChannel().socket().bind(localAddress, config.getBacklog());
}
}

在 pipeline.fireChannelActive()中会触发pipeline中的channelActive()方法

@Override
public void channelActive(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception {
ctx.fireChannelActive();

        readIfIsAutoRead();
    }

在channelActive中首先会把ChannelActive事件往下传播,然后调用readIfIsAutoRead()方法出触发channel的read事件,而它最终调用AbstractNioChannel中的doBeginRead()方法

@Override
protected void doBeginRead() throws Exception {
// Channel.read() or ChannelHandlerContext.read() was called
final SelectionKey selectionKey = this.selectionKey;
if (!selectionKey.isValid()) {
return;
}

    readPending = true;

    final int interestOps = selectionKey.interestOps();
    if ((interestOps & readInterestOp) == 0) {
        selectionKey.interestOps(interestOps | readInterestOp);//readInterestOp为  SelectionKey.OP_ACCEPT
    }
}

在doBeginRead()方法,netty会把accept事件注册到Selector上。

到此我们对netty服务端的启动流程有了一个大致的了解,整体可以概括为下面四步:

1、channelFactory.newChannel(),其实就是创建jdk底层channel,并初始化id、piepline等属性;

2、init(channel),添加option、attr等属性,并添加ServerBootstrapAcceptor连接器;

3、config().group().register(channel),把jdk底层的channel注册到eventLoop上的selector上;

4、doBind0(regFuture, channel, localAddress, promise),完成服务端端口的监听,并把accept事件注册到selector上;

以上就是对netty服务端启动流程进行的一个简单分析,有很多细节没有关注与深入,其中如有不足与不正确的地方还望指出与海涵。

netty源码分析之服务端启动

标签:const   provider   parent   proc   hose   tab   last   HERE   factory   

原文地址:http://blog.51cto.com/13842645/2312710

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