码迷,mamicode.com
首页 > 编程语言 > 详细

python3 新特性

时间:2019-05-28 22:35:30      阅读:166      评论:0      收藏:0      [点我收藏+]

标签:body   ret   ace   des   ice   str   mes   word   selectors   

1、格式化字符串f-string

user = "Mike"
log_message = fUser{user} has logged in

 

2、路径管理库Pathlib

 

3、类型提示Type hinting

def sentence_has_animal(sentence:str) -> bool:
    return  "animal" in sentence

 

4、枚举类enum

from enum import Enum, auto, unique
@unique #装饰器去重复
class monster(Enum):
    zombie = auto()
    warrior = auto()
    bear = auto()

 

5、itertools模块

无限迭代器代码如下:

1
2
3
4
迭代器         参数         结果                                                例子
count()     start, [step]   start, start+step, start+2*step, ...                count(10--10 11 12 13 14 ...
cycle()     p               p0, p1, ... plast, p0, p1, ...                      cycle(‘ABCD‘--> A B C D A B C D ...
repeat()    elem [,n]       elem, elem, elem, ... endlessly or up to n times    repeat(103--10 10 10

 

处理输入序列迭代器代码如下:

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
迭代器          参数            结果                                        例子
chain()     p, q, ...           p0, p1, ... plast, q0, q1, ...              chain(‘ABC‘‘DEF‘--> A B C D E F
compress()  data, selectors     (d[0if s[0]), (d[1if s[1]), ...         compress(‘ABCDEF‘, [1,0,1,0,1,1]) --> A C E F
dropwhile() pred, seq           seq[n], seq[n+1], starting when pred fails  dropwhile(lambda x: x<5, [1,4,6,4,1]) --6 4 1
groupby()   iterable[, keyfunc] sub-iterators grouped by value of keyfunc(v)
ifilter()   pred, seq           elements of seq where pred(elem) is True    ifilter(lambda x: x%2range(10)) --1 3 5 7 9
ifilterfalse()  pred, seq       elements of seq where pred(elem) is False   ifilterfalse(lambda x: x%2range(10)) --0 2 4 6 8
islice()    seq, [start,] stop [, step] elements from seq[start:stop:step]  islice(‘ABCDEFG‘2None--> C D E F G
imap()      func, p, q, ...     func(p0, q0), func(p1, q1), ...             imap(pow, (2,3,10), (5,2,3)) --32 9 1000
starmap()   func, seq           func(*seq[0]), func(*seq[1]), ...           starmap(pow, [(2,5), (3,2), (10,3)]) --32 9 1000
tee()       it, n               it1, it2 , ... itn splits one iterator into n
takewhile() pred, seq           seq[0], seq[1], until pred fails            takewhile(lambda x: x<5, [1,4,6,4,1]) --1 4
izip()      p, q, ...           (p[0], q[0]), (p[1], q[1]), ...             izip(‘ABCD‘‘xy‘--> Ax By
izip_longest()  p, q, ...       (p[0], q[0]), (p[1], q[1]), ...             izip_longest(‘ABCD‘‘xy‘, fillvalue=‘-‘--> Ax By C- D-

 

组合生成器代码如下:

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
迭代器          参数                        结果
product()       p, q, ... [repeat=1]        cartesian product, equivalent to a nested for-loop
permutations()  p[, r]                      r-length tuples, all possible orderings, no repeated elements
combinations()  p, r                        r-length tuples, in sorted order, no repeated elements
combinations_with_replacement() p, r        r-length tuples, in sorted order, with repeated elements
product(‘ABCD‘, repeat=2)                   AA AB AC AD BA BB BC BD CA CB CC CD DA DB DC DD
permutations(‘ABCD‘2)                     AB AC AD BA BC BD CA CB CD DA DB DC
combinations(‘ABCD‘2)                     AB AC AD BC BD CD
combinations_with_replacement(‘ABCD‘2)    AA AB AC AD BB BC BD CC CD DD

  

6、LRU缓存,memoization技术

from functools import lru_cache
@lru_cache(maxsize=512)
def fib_memoization(number:int) -> int:
    if number ==0 : return 0
    if number ==1 : return 1
    return fib_memoization(number - 1)
start = time.time()
fib_memoization(40)
print(fDuration:{time.time() - start}s)

 

7、可扩展的可迭代对象解包

head, *bodey, tail = range(5) # 0, [1,2,3], 4

 

8、Data class装饰器,用来减少对样板代码的使用,该装饰器会自动生成__init()__和__repr()__方法。

class Armor:
    def __init__(self, armor:float, description:str, level:int = 1):
        self.armor = armor
        self.level = level
        self.description = description
    
    def power(self) -> float:
        return self.armor * self.level

armor = Armor(5.2, "common armor.", 2)
armor.power() #10.4


###使用Data Class实现相同的Armor类
from dataclasses import dataclass
@dataclass
class Armor:
    armor : float
    description : str
    level : int = 1

    def power(self) -> float:
        return self.armor *self.level

armor = Armor(5.2, "common armor.", 2)
armor.power()

 

9、bisect模块保持列表排序:

这是一个免费的二分查找实现和快速插入有序序列的工具。也就是说,你可以使用:

import bisect
bisect.insort(list, element)

 

python3 新特性

标签:body   ret   ace   des   ice   str   mes   word   selectors   

原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/hotsnow/p/10940685.html

(0)
(0)
   
举报
评论 一句话评论(0
登录后才能评论!
© 2014 mamicode.com 版权所有  联系我们:gaon5@hotmail.com
迷上了代码!