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《数据结构与算法分析》课程设计——贪吃蛇问题

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中国矿业大学信控学院

 

 

/*文献参考*/

https://blog.csdn.net/Fdog_/article/details/102625969

https://blog.csdn.net/DY_1024/article/details/78841757


 

一、问题描述

 

以数据结构思想设计实现贪吃蛇小游戏。

 

二、需求分析

 

首先需要考虑如何设计一个win运行窗口来实时显示结果

然后考虑到蛇的身子是一节一节的,此时最容易联想到的数据结构就是顺序表,链表,如果把蛇比做顺序表或者链表,在之后吃到食物的时候,身子肯定会变长,这就涉及到插入的操作,所以为了更高的效率,我们用链表实现我们的蛇的部分,最初我们把蛇身子按照四个结点打印在屏幕。

对于蛇的移动,在屏幕上面蛇的移动看起来是整个身子向前方平移一个单位,但是其原理是我们在屏幕的另一个地方把蛇从新打印一遍,又把之前的蛇身子去除掉。

对于食物的产生,随机的在地图中产生一个节点,在蛇的头坐标和食物的坐标重复的时候,食物消失,蛇的身子加长,也就是蛇的节点数增加一个。

蛇在其中的几种状态,正常状态:蛇头节点的坐标没有和墙的坐标以及自己身子的坐标重合,

被自己杀死:蛇头的坐标和蛇身子的坐标重合,

撞墙:蛇头的坐标和墙的坐标重合。

 

三、算法设计

 

1.相关变量。

1 1.相关变量。
2 int JudgeSum = 0;            //判断是否加快
3 int Pause = 200000000;       //暂停速度(移动速度)
4 int * PJ = &JudgeDirection;  //用指针传值判断移动方向
5 nakebody *end = NULL;        //尾节点

 

2.创建链表 ,贪吃蛇的身体如何保存是游戏的核心,所以我们需要用到链表来保存蛇的身体,这样就可以随时知道蛇身数据。

1 typedef struct Snakebody
2 {
3     int x, y;          //蛇身的坐标
4     struct Snakebody *next;//保存下一个蛇身的地址
5 }Snakebody;           //通过typedef将 Snakebody 替代 struct Snakebody

 

3.记录食物出现的坐标。

1 typedef struct Snakexy
2 {
3     int x;
4     int y;
5 }Snakexy; //记录食物坐标

 

4.绘制初始界面和游戏地图,如图所示。

 1 #include<Windows.h>
 2 #define HEIGHT  20  //设置地图高度
 3 #define WIDTH   40  //设置地图宽度
 4 #define PRINTF  printf("■");
 5 #define LINE    printf("\n");
 6 #define EMPTY   printf("  "); //因为这三个语句经常用,所以我就定义成了宏
 7 void Front();       //绘制初始界面
 8 void DeawMap();     //绘制地图
 9 
10 void Front()
11 {
12     SetConsoleTextAttribute(GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE), FOREGROUND_INTENSITY | FOREGROUND_RED | FOREGROUND_BLUE);//设置红色和蓝色相加
13     MoveCursor(18, 15);
14     printf("请等待......");
15     for (int i = 0; i <= 3000000000; i++) {}
16     system("cls");//清屏处理
17 }
18 void DeawMap()
19 {
20     for (int i = 0; i < WIDTH; i++)PRINTF LINE  //打印上边框
21         for (int i = 1; i < HEIGHT - 1; i++)          //打印左右边框
22         {
23             for (int j = 0; j < WIDTH; j++)
24             {
25                 if (j == 0 || j == WIDTH - 1 || j == WIDTH - 10)
26                 {
27                     PRINTF
28                         if (j == WIDTH - 1)LINE
29                 }
30                 else EMPTY
31             }
32         }
33     for (int i = 0; i < WIDTH; i++)PRINTF LINE  //打印下边框
34 }

SetConsoleTextAttribute()函数是一个API设置字体颜色和背景色的函数。参数表中使用两个属性(属性之间用,隔开),不同于system(),SetConsoleTextAttribute()可以改变界面多种颜色,而system()只能修改为一种!。

 

5. 初始化蛇身,刚开始蛇不应该只要一个头,所以我们必须创建几个身体。

 1 Snakebody *Phead = NULL;    //存储着整个蛇身 不可更改
 2 Snakebody *Phead_1 = NULL;  //指向蛇身
 3 Snakebody *Pbady = NULL;    //创建节点
 4 void ISnake();             //初始化蛇身
 5 void ISnake()
 6 {
 7     for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++)//初始化蛇身拥有五个长度
 8     {
 9         Pbady = (Snakebody*)malloc(sizeof(Snakebody));//创建节点
10         Pbady->x = 5 - i;
11         Pbady->y = 5;
12         if (Phead == NULL)
13         {
14             Phead = Pbady;
15         }
16         else
17         {
18             end->next = Pbady;
19         }
20         Pbady->next = NULL;
21         end = Pbady;
22     }
23     Phead_1 = Phead;
24     while (Phead_1->next != NULL)//打印蛇身
25     {
26         MoveCursor(Phead_1->x, Phead_1->y);
27         PRINTF
28             Phead_1 = Phead_1->next;
29     }
30 }

 

6.产生食物,随机产生食物,如果和蛇身体重合则再次随机产生食物。

 1 #include<time.h>
 2 int sum = 0;     //计算得分
 3 Snakexy * Food = NULL;          //保存食物位置
 4 void FoodRand();    //生成食物
 5 void FoodRand()
 6 {
 7     srand((int)time(0));
 8     int x = rand() % 27 + 2;//生成随机数
 9     int y = rand() % 17 + 2;
10     Phead_1 = Phead;
11     for (int i = 0; i <= 200; i++)
12     {
13         if (Phead_1->x == x && Phead_1->y == y)
14         {
15             x = rand() % 27 + 2;
16             y = rand() % 17 + 2;
17         }
18         else
19         {
20             Phead_1 = Phead_1->next;
21         }
22         if (Phead_1->next == NULL)
23         {
24             break;
25         }
26     }
27     MoveCursor(x, y);
28     PRINTF
29         Food = (Snakexy*)malloc(sizeof(Snakexy));
30     Food->x = x;
31     Food->y = y;
32     MoveCursor(33, 5);
33     printf("  ");
34     Showf();
35     sum++;
36     SetConsoleTextAttribute(GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE), FOREGROUND_INTENSITY);//
37 }

rand函数功能为获取一个伪随机数,如要产生[m,n]范围内的随机数num,可用int num=rand()%(n-m+1)+m;

 

7.游戏刷新和暂停 ,按回车可暂停游戏。

 1 int JudgeDirection = 4;   //判断方向
 2 void ControlMove();    //控制移动和暂停
 3 void ControlMove()
 4 {
 5     if (GetAsyncKeyState(VK_UP) && 0x8000)
 6     {
 7         if (JudgeDirection == 2)
 8         {
 9         }
10         else
11         {
12             JudgeDirection = 1;
13         }
14     }
15     if (GetAsyncKeyState(VK_DOWN) && 0x8000)
16     {
17         if (JudgeDirection == 1)
18         {
19         }
20         else
21         {
22             JudgeDirection = 2;
23         }
24     }
25     if (GetAsyncKeyState(VK_RIGHT) && 0x8000)
26     {
27         if (JudgeDirection == 3)
28         {
29         }
30         else
31         {
32             JudgeDirection = 4;
33         }
34     }
35     if (GetAsyncKeyState(VK_LEFT) && 0x8000)
36     {
37         if (JudgeDirection == 4)
38         {
39         }
40         else
41         {
42             JudgeDirection = 3;
43         }
44     }
45     if (GetAsyncKeyState(VK_RETURN) && 0x0D)//判断回车
46     {
47         while (1)
48         {
49             if (GetAsyncKeyState(VK_RETURN) && 0x0D)//再次回车退出死循环
50             {
51                 break;
52             }
53         }
54     }
55 }

GetAsyncKeyState()确定用户当前是否按下了键盘上的一个键

 

8.显示分数和难度,更新分数和难度。

 1 int sum = 0;     //计算得分
 2 int Hard = 0;     //计算难度
 3 void Showf();                   //显分数以及难度
 4 void Showf()
 5 {
 6     SetConsoleTextAttribute(GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE), FOREGROUND_BLUE);//
 7     MoveCursor(33, 5);
 8     printf("得分:%d", sum);
 9     MoveCursor(33, 6);
10     printf("难度:%d", Hard);
11 }

 

9.移动光标 ,游戏不闪的原因就是我们只绘制一次地图 然后用光标定点刷新目标点。

1 void MoveCursor(int x, int y); //移动光标
2 void MoveCursor(int x, int y)//设置光标位置(就是输出显示的开始位置)
3 {
4     COORD pos = { x * 2,y };
5     HANDLE output = GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE);//获得标准输出的句柄   
6     SetConsoleCursorPosition(output, pos); //设置光标位置
7 }

COORD是Windows API中定义的一种结构体

 

10.检测,检测是否吃到食物,是否撞墙,是否撞到自己。

 1 void Jfood();     //检测是否吃到食物
 2 void Jwall();     //检测蛇头是否撞墙
 3 void Jsnake();     //检测蛇头是否撞到蛇身
 4 void Jfood()
 5 {
 6     Phead_1 = Phead;
 7     if (Phead_1->x == Food->x&&Phead_1->y == Food->y)
 8     {
 9         FoodRand();
10         JudgeSum += 1;
11         if (JudgeSum == 5)
12         {
13             JudgeSum = 0;//如果JudgeSum等于5则从新判断
14             Hard += 1;
15             Pause -= 20000000;//每成立一次循环减少20000000
16         }
17         while (Phead_1->next != NULL)
18         {
19             Phead_1 = Phead_1->next;
20         }
21         Snakebody *S = (Snakebody*)malloc(sizeof(Snakebody));
22         S->x = Food->x;
23         S->y = Food->y;
24         S->next = NULL;
25         Phead_1->next = S;
26         ControlMove();
27         MoveCursor(Phead_1->x, Phead_1->y);
28         PRINTF
29     }
30     //获取食物的坐标和蛇头做对比
31 }
32 void Jwall()
33 {
34     if (Phead->x == 0 || Phead->x == 29 || Phead->y == 0 || Phead->y == 19)
35     {
36         MoveCursor(10, 20);
37         SetConsoleTextAttribute(GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE), FOREGROUND_INTENSITY | FOREGROUND_RED);//设置红色
38         printf("抱歉,你撞到了自己,游戏结束!              ");
39         system("pause>nul");
40         exit(0);
41     }
42 }
43 void Jsnake()
44 {
45     Phead_1 = Phead->next;
46     while (Phead_1->next != NULL)
47     {
48         if ((Phead->x == Phead_1->x) && (Phead->y == Phead_1->y))
49         {
50             MoveCursor(10, 20);
51             SetConsoleTextAttribute(GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE), FOREGROUND_INTENSITY | FOREGROUND_RED);//设置红色
52             printf("抱歉,你撞到了自己,游戏结束!          ");
53             system("pause>nul");
54             exit(0);
55         }
56         Phead_1 = Phead_1->next;
57     }
58 }

 

11.游戏循环

 1 void Move();     //游戏运行
 2 void Move()
 3 {
 4     while (1)
 5     {
 6         Phead_1 = Phead;
 7         while (Phead_1->next->next != NULL)
 8         {
 9             Phead_1 = Phead_1->next;
10         }
11         Phead_1->next = NULL;
12         for (int i = 0; i < Pause; i++) {}
13         ControlMove();
14         MoveCursor(Phead_1->x, Phead_1->y);
15         EMPTY
16             //上面为消除尾部
17             Snakebody *Phead_2 = (Snakebody*)malloc(sizeof(Snakebody));
18         if (*PJ == 1)
19         {
20             Phead_2->x = Phead->x;
21             Phead_2->y = Phead->y - 1;
22         }
23         if (*PJ == 2)
24         {
25             Phead_2->x = Phead->x;
26             Phead_2->y = Phead->y + 1;
27         }
28         if (*PJ == 3)
29         {
30             Phead_2->x = Phead->x - 1;
31             Phead_2->y = Phead->y;
32         }
33         if (*PJ == 4)
34         {
35             Phead_2->x = Phead->x + 1;
36             Phead_2->y = Phead->y;
37         }
38         Phead_2->next = Phead;
39         Phead = Phead_2;
40         MoveCursor(Phead_2->x, Phead_2->y);
41         PRINTF
42             Jfood();
43         Jwall();
44         Jsnake();
45         MoveCursor(40, 20);
46     }
47 }

 

12.释放内存

 1 void Free();                    //释放内存
 2 void Free()
 3 {
 4     while (Phead->next != NULL)
 5     {
 6         Phead = Phead->next;
 7         free(Phead);
 8     }
 9     free(Phead);
10 }

 

附录:完整代码

  1 #include<stdio.h>
  2 #include<time.h>
  3 #include<Windows.h>
  4 #define HEIGHT  20  //设置地图高度
  5 #define WIDTH   40  //设置地图宽度
  6 #define PRINTF  printf("■");
  7 #define LINE    printf("\n");
  8 #define EMPTY   printf("  ");
  9 typedef struct Snakebody
 10 {
 11     int x, y;//身体的坐标
 12     struct Snakebody *next;//结构指针
 13 }Snakebody;//先来创建保持身体的链表,贪吃蛇的核心代码就是该如何保存蛇的身体
 14 typedef struct Snakexy
 15 {
 16     int x;
 17     int y;
 18 }Snakexy; //记录食物坐标
 19 int sum = 0;     //计算得分
 20 int JudgeSum = 0;    //判断是否加快
 21 int Hard = 0;     //计算难度
 22 int Pause = 200000000;   //暂停速度(移动速度)
 23 int JudgeDirection = 4;   //判断方向
 24 int * PJ = &JudgeDirection;  //用指针传值判断移动方向
 25 Snakebody *Phead = NULL;  //存储着整个蛇身 不可更改
 26 Snakebody *Phead_1 = NULL;  //指向蛇身
 27 Snakebody *Pbady = NULL;  //创建节点
 28 Snakebody *end = NULL;   //尾节点
 29 Snakexy * Food = NULL;          //保存食物位置
 30 void Front();                   //游戏开始页面1
 31 void Jfood();     //检测是否吃到食物1
 32 void Jwall();     //检测蛇头是否撞墙1
 33 void Jsnake();     //检测蛇头是否撞到蛇身1
 34 void ISnake();     //初始化蛇身1
 35 void DeawMap();     //绘制地图1
 36 void FoodRand();    //生成食物1
 37 void ControlMove();    //控制移动和暂停1
 38 void MoveCursor(int x, int y); //移动光标1
 39 void Move();     //游戏运行1
 40 void Showf();                   //显分数以及难度1
 41 void Free();                    //释放内存
 42 int main()
 43 {
 44     Front();
 45     SetConsoleTextAttribute(GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE), FOREGROUND_GREEN);//绿
 46     DeawMap();
 47     Showf();
 48     SetConsoleTextAttribute(GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE), FOREGROUND_INTENSITY);// 暗白
 49     MoveCursor(34, 10);
 50     printf("");
 51     MoveCursor(31, 11);
 52     printf("使用←↓→来控制");
 53     MoveCursor(31, 12);
 54     printf("蛇的移动,撞墙游");
 55     MoveCursor(31, 13);
 56     printf("戏结束,每5分增 ");
 57     MoveCursor(31, 14);
 58     printf("一个难度(速度)");
 59     ISnake();
 60     FoodRand();
 61     MoveCursor(40, 20);
 62     Move();
 63     return 0;
 64 }
 65 void Front()
 66 {
 67     SetConsoleTextAttribute(GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE), FOREGROUND_INTENSITY | FOREGROUND_RED | FOREGROUND_BLUE);//设置红色和蓝色相加
 68     MoveCursor(18, 15);
 69     printf("请等待......");
 70     for (int i = 0; i <= 3000000000; i++) {}
 71     system("cls");
 72 }
 73 void DeawMap()
 74 {
 75     for (int i = 0; i < WIDTH; i++)PRINTF LINE  //上边框
 76         for (int i = 1; i < HEIGHT - 1; i++)          //打印左右边框
 77         {
 78             for (int j = 0; j < WIDTH; j++)
 79             {
 80                 if (j == 0 || j == WIDTH - 1 || j == WIDTH - 10)
 81                 {
 82                     PRINTF
 83                         if (j == WIDTH - 1)LINE
 84                 }
 85                 else EMPTY
 86             }
 87         }
 88     for (int i = 0; i < WIDTH; i++)PRINTF LINE  //下边框
 89 }
 90 void MoveCursor(int x, int y)//设置光标位置(就是输出显示的开始位置)
 91 {
 92     /*  COORD是Windows API中定义的一种结构体
 93     * typedef struct _COORD
 94     * {
 95     * SHORT X;
 96     * SHORT Y;
 97     * } COORD;
 98     *  */
 99     COORD pos = { x * 2,y };
100     HANDLE output = GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE);//获得 标准输出的句柄   
101     SetConsoleCursorPosition(output, pos); //设置控制台光标位置
102 }
103 void FoodRand()
104 {
105     srand((int)time(0));
106     int x = rand() % 27 + 2;
107     int y = rand() % 17 + 2;
108     Phead_1 = Phead;
109     for (int i = 0; i <= 200; i++)
110     {
111         if (Phead_1->x == x && Phead_1->y == y)
112         {
113             x = rand() % 27 + 2;
114             y = rand() % 17 + 2;
115         }
116         else
117         {
118             Phead_1 = Phead_1->next;
119         }
120         if (Phead_1->next == NULL)
121         {
122             break;
123         }
124     }
125     MoveCursor(x, y);
126     PRINTF
127         Food = (Snakexy*)malloc(sizeof(Snakexy));
128     Food->x = x;
129     Food->y = y;
130     MoveCursor(33, 5);
131     printf("  ");
132     Showf();
133     sum++;
134     SetConsoleTextAttribute(GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE), FOREGROUND_INTENSITY);//
135 }
136 void ControlMove()
137 {
138     if (GetAsyncKeyState(VK_UP) && 0x8000)
139     {
140         if (JudgeDirection == 2)
141         {
142         }
143         else
144         {
145             JudgeDirection = 1;
146         }
147     }
148     if (GetAsyncKeyState(VK_DOWN) && 0x8000)
149     {
150         if (JudgeDirection == 1)
151         {
152         }
153         else
154         {
155             JudgeDirection = 2;
156         }
157     }
158     if (GetAsyncKeyState(VK_RIGHT) && 0x8000)
159     {
160         if (JudgeDirection == 3)
161         {
162         }
163         else
164         {
165             JudgeDirection = 4;
166         }
167     }
168     if (GetAsyncKeyState(VK_LEFT) && 0x8000)
169     {
170         if (JudgeDirection == 4)
171         {
172         }
173         else
174         {
175             JudgeDirection = 3;
176         }
177     }
178     if (GetAsyncKeyState(VK_RETURN) && 0x0D)
179     {
180         while (1)
181         {
182             if (GetAsyncKeyState(VK_RETURN) && 0x0D)
183             {
184                 break;
185             }
186         }
187     }
188 }
189 void ISnake()
190 {
191     for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++)
192     {
193         Pbady = (Snakebody*)malloc(sizeof(Snakebody));
194         Pbady->x = 5 - i;
195         Pbady->y = 5;
196         if (Phead == NULL)
197         {
198             Phead = Pbady;
199         }
200         else
201         {
202             end->next = Pbady;
203         }
204         Pbady->next = NULL;
205         end = Pbady;
206     }
207     Phead_1 = Phead;
208     while (Phead_1->next != NULL)
209     {
210         MoveCursor(Phead_1->x, Phead_1->y);
211         PRINTF
212             Phead_1 = Phead_1->next;
213     }
214 }
215 void Move()
216 {
217     while (1)
218     {
219         Phead_1 = Phead;
220         while (Phead_1->next->next != NULL)
221         {
222             Phead_1 = Phead_1->next;
223         }
224         Phead_1->next = NULL;
225         for (int i = 0; i < Pause; i++) {}
226         ControlMove();
227         MoveCursor(Phead_1->x, Phead_1->y);
228         EMPTY
229             //上面为消除尾部
230             Snakebody *Phead_2 = (Snakebody*)malloc(sizeof(Snakebody));
231         if (*PJ == 1)
232         {
233             Phead_2->x = Phead->x;
234             Phead_2->y = Phead->y - 1;
235         }
236         if (*PJ == 2)
237         {
238             Phead_2->x = Phead->x;
239             Phead_2->y = Phead->y + 1;
240         }
241         if (*PJ == 3)
242         {
243             Phead_2->x = Phead->x - 1;
244             Phead_2->y = Phead->y;
245         }
246         if (*PJ == 4)
247         {
248             Phead_2->x = Phead->x + 1;
249             Phead_2->y = Phead->y;
250         }
251         Phead_2->next = Phead;
252         Phead = Phead_2;
253         MoveCursor(Phead_2->x, Phead_2->y);
254         PRINTF
255             Jfood();
256         Jwall();
257         Jsnake();
258         MoveCursor(40, 20);
259     }
260 }
261 void Jfood()
262 {
263     Phead_1 = Phead;
264     if (Phead_1->x == Food->x&&Phead_1->y == Food->y)
265     {
266         FoodRand();
267         JudgeSum += 1;
268         if (JudgeSum == 5)
269         {
270             JudgeSum = 0;
271             Hard += 1;
272             Pause -= 20000000;
273         }
274         while (Phead_1->next != NULL)
275         {
276             Phead_1 = Phead_1->next;
277         }
278         Snakebody *S = (Snakebody*)malloc(sizeof(Snakebody));
279         S->x = Food->x;
280         S->y = Food->y;
281         S->next = NULL;
282         Phead_1->next = S;
283         ControlMove();
284         MoveCursor(Phead_1->x, Phead_1->y);
285         PRINTF
286     }
287     //获取食物的坐标和蛇头做对比
288 }
289 void Jwall()
290 {
291     if (Phead->x == 0 || Phead->x == 29 || Phead->y == 0 || Phead->y == 19)
292     {
293         MoveCursor(10, 20);
294         SetConsoleTextAttribute(GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE), FOREGROUND_INTENSITY | FOREGROUND_RED);//设置红色
295         printf("抱歉,你撞到了自己,游戏结束!              ");
296         system("pause>nul");
297         exit(0);
298     }
299 }
300 void Jsnake()
301 {
302     Phead_1 = Phead->next;
303     while (Phead_1->next != NULL)
304     {
305         if ((Phead->x == Phead_1->x) && (Phead->y == Phead_1->y))
306         {
307             MoveCursor(10, 20);
308             SetConsoleTextAttribute(GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE), FOREGROUND_INTENSITY | FOREGROUND_RED);//设置红色
309             printf("抱歉,你撞到了自己,游戏结束!          ");
310             system("pause>nul");
311             exit(0);
312         }
313         Phead_1 = Phead_1->next;
314     }
315 }
316 void Showf()
317 {
318     SetConsoleTextAttribute(GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE), FOREGROUND_BLUE);//
319     MoveCursor(33, 5);
320     printf("得分:%d", sum);
321     MoveCursor(33, 6);
322     printf("难度:%d", Hard);
323 }
324 void Free()
325 {
326     while (Phead->next != NULL)
327     {
328         Phead = Phead->next;
329         free(Phead);
330     }
331     free(Phead);
332 }

《数据结构与算法分析》课程设计——贪吃蛇问题

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原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/zhangzhangzhang624531420/p/12181744.html

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