标签:拓展 i++ cannot 情况 数值 引用 lan 保存 反编译
有以下代码:
 1 public class Main {
 2    public static void main(String[] args) {
 3        Integer i1 = 127;
 4        Integer i2 = 127;
 5        Integer i3 = new Integer(127);
 6        Integer i4 = new Integer(127);
 7
 8         System.out.println(i1 == i2);//true
 9         System.out.println(i3 == i4);//false
10     }
11 }
控制台输出:
    true
    false,
我们知道,第3、4行发生了自动装箱,生成了Integer对象,并将对象的引用赋值给i1和i2,“==”比较的是对象的引用,控制台输出看,i1和i2保存了同一个Integer对象的引用。
下面对上述代码进行反编译:
/*
 * Decompiled with CFR 0.149.
 */
package com.learn.java;
public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Integer i1 = Integer.valueOf((int)127);
        Integer i2 = Integer.valueOf((int)127);
        Integer i3 = new Integer((int)127);
        Integer i4 = new Integer((int)127);
        System.out.println((i1 == i2 ? 1 : 0) != 0);
        System.out.println((i3 == i4 ? 1 : 0) != 0);
    }
}
从反编译结果看,Integer类自动装箱执行了valueOf方法。
下面是Integer类中构造方法和ValueOf(int)方法的源码以及注释:
package java.lang;
import java.lang.annotation.Native;
public final class Integer extends Number implements Comparable<Integer> {
   /**
     * Constructs a newly allocated Integer object that represents the specified int value.
     * 创建一个新的、包装了指定int数值的Integer实例。
     * @params value - the value to be represented by the Integer object.
     */
    public Integer(int value) {
        this.value = value;
    }
    
    /**
     * Returns an Integer instance representing the specified int value.  If a new Integer instance        * is not required, this method should generally be used in preference to the constructor    
     * Integer(int), as this method is likely to yield significantly better space and time 
     * performance by caching frequently requested values.
     * 返回一个包装了指定int数值的Integer实例。除非必须返回一个Integer实例,应该优先使用valueOf(int)方法而
     * 不是Integer(int)方法。valueOf(int)方法通过事先缓存常用的数值,表现出更好的时间、空间性能。
     * 
     * This method will always cache values in the range -128 to 127,inclusive, and may cache other 
     * values outside of this range.
     * 默认情况下,缓存-128~127范围内的值,缓存范围可根据需要进行一定的调整。
     *
     * @param  i - an int value.
     * @return an Integer instance representing {@code i}.
     * @since  1.5
     */
    public static Integer valueOf(int i) {
        if (i >= IntegerCache.low && i <= IntegerCache.high)
            return IntegerCache.cache[i + (-IntegerCache.low)];
        return new Integer(i);
    }
}
下面是valueOf(int)方法中使用到的IntegerCache内部类的源码:
    /**
     * Cache to support the object identity semantics of autoboxing for values between -128 and 127 
     * (inclusive) as required by JLS.
     *
     * The cache is initialized on first usage.  The size of the cache may be controlled by the       
     * {-XX:AutoBoxCacheMax=<size>} option. During VM initialization, 
     * java.lang.Integer.IntegerCache.high property may be set and saved in the private system 
     * properties in the sun.misc.VM class.
     * 缓存在首次使用时完成初始化,缓存的范围(上界)可通过 -XX:AutoBoxCacheMax 配置。
     */
    private static class IntegerCache {
        static final int low = -128;
        static final int high;
        static final Integer cache[];
        static {
            // high value may be configured by property
            int h = 127;
            String integerCacheHighPropValue =
                sun.misc.VM.getSavedProperty("java.lang.Integer.IntegerCache.high");
            if (integerCacheHighPropValue != null) {
                try {
                    int i = parseInt(integerCacheHighPropValue);
                    // 127是缓存的最小上界
                    i = Math.max(i, 127);
                    // Maximum array size is Integer.MAX_VALUE
                    h = Math.min(i, Integer.MAX_VALUE - (-low) -1);
                } catch( NumberFormatException nfe) {
                    // If the property cannot be parsed into an int, ignore it.
                }
            }
            high = h;
            cache = new Integer[(high - low) + 1];
            int j = low;
            for(int k = 0; k < cache.length; k++)
                cache[k] = new Integer(j++);
            // range [-128, 127] must be interned (JLS7 5.1.7)
            assert IntegerCache.high >= 127;
        }
        private IntegerCache() {}
    }
上面源码中的信息可以总结为以下几点:
下面看看其他包装类有没有与Integer类一样的缓存机制。
public final class Byte extends Number implements Comparable<Byte> {
    public static Byte valueOf(byte b) {
        final int offset = 128;
        return ByteCache.cache[(int)b + offset];
    }
    private static class ByteCache {
        private ByteCache(){}
        static final Byte cache[] = new Byte[-(-128) + 127 + 1];
        static {
            for(int i = 0; i < cache.length; i++)
                cache[i] = new Byte((byte)(i - 128));
        }
    }
}
从源码看,Byte也有类似的缓存机制,但是缓存的范围是固定的。
public final class Short extends Number implements Comparable<Short> {
       
    public static Short valueOf(short s) {
        final int offset = 128;
        int sAsInt = s;
        if (sAsInt >= -128 && sAsInt <= 127) { // must cache
            return ShortCache.cache[sAsInt + offset];
        }
        return new Short(s);
    }
    
    private static class ShortCache {
        private ShortCache(){}
        static final Short cache[] = new Short[-(-128) + 127 + 1];
        static {
            for(int i = 0; i < cache.length; i++)
                cache[i] = new Short((short)(i - 128));
        }
    }
}
从源码看,Short也有类似的缓存机制,但是缓存的范围是固定的。
public final class Long extends Number implements Comparable<Long> {
    
    public static Long valueOf(long l) {
        final int offset = 128;
        if (l >= -128 && l <= 127) { // will cache
            return LongCache.cache[(int)l + offset];
        }
        return new Long(l);
    }
    
    private static class LongCache {
        private LongCache(){}
        static final Long cache[] = new Long[-(-128) + 127 + 1];
        static {
            for(int i = 0; i < cache.length; i++)
                cache[i] = new Long(i - 128);
        }
    }
}
从源码看,Long也有类似的缓存机制,但是缓存的范围是固定的。
public final class Float extends Number implements Comparable<Float> {
    public static Float valueOf(float f) {
        return new Float(f);
    }
}
从源码看,Float没有缓存机制。
public final class Double extends Number implements Comparable<Double> {
	public static Double valueOf(double d) {
   	 	return new Double(d);
	}
}
从源码看,Double没有缓存机制。
标签:拓展 i++ cannot 情况 数值 引用 lan 保存 反编译
原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/KenBaiCaiDeMiao/p/12822707.html