public void refresh() throws BeansException, IllegalStateException {
synchronized (this.startupShutdownMonitor) {
//刷新之前的准备工作，包括设置启动时间，是否激活标识位，初始化属性源(property source)配置
prepareRefresh();
//由子类去刷新BeanFactory(如果还没创建则创建)，并将BeanFactory返回
ConfigurableListableBeanFactory beanFactory = obtainFreshBeanFactory();
//准备BeanFactory以供ApplicationContext使用
prepareBeanFactory(beanFactory);
try {
//子类可通过格式此方法来对BeanFactory进行修改
postProcessBeanFactory(beanFactory);
//实例化并调用所有注册的BeanFactoryPostProcessor对象
invokeBeanFactoryPostProcessors(beanFactory);
//实例化并调用所有注册的BeanPostProcessor对象
registerBeanPostProcessors(beanFactory);
//初始化MessageSource
initMessageSource();
//初始化事件广播器
initApplicationEventMulticaster();
//子类覆盖此方法在刷新过程做额外工作
onRefresh();
//注册应用监听器ApplicationListener
registerListeners();
//实例化所有non-lazy-init bean
finishBeanFactoryInitialization(beanFactory);
//刷新完成工作，包括初始化LifecycleProcessor，发布刷新完成事件等
finishRefresh();
}
catch (BeansException ex) {
// Destroy already created singletons to avoid dangling resources.
destroyBeans();
// Reset 'active' flag.
cancelRefresh(ex);
// Propagate exception to caller.
throw ex;
}
}
}protected void finishRefresh() {
// //初始化LifecycleProcessor
initLifecycleProcessor();
// Propagate refresh to lifecycle processor first.
getLifecycleProcessor().onRefresh();
// Publish the final event.
publishEvent(new ContextRefreshedEvent(this));
// Participate in LiveBeansView MBean, if active.
LiveBeansView.registerApplicationContext(this);
}protected ConfigurableListableBeanFactory obtainFreshBeanFactory() {
refreshBeanFactory();//刷新BeanFactory,如果beanFactory为null，则创建
ConfigurableListableBeanFactory beanFactory = getBeanFactory();
if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
logger.debug("Bean factory for " + getDisplayName() + ": " + beanFactory);
}
return beanFactory;
}@Override
protected final void refreshBeanFactory() throws BeansException {
if (hasBeanFactory()) {//如果beanFactory已经不为null，则销毁beanFactory中的Bean后自行关闭
destroyBeans();
closeBeanFactory();
}
try {
DefaultListableBeanFactory beanFactory = createBeanFactory();//创建beanFactory
beanFactory.setSerializationId(getId());
customizeBeanFactory(beanFactory);
loadBeanDefinitions(beanFactory);
synchronized (this.beanFactoryMonitor) {
this.beanFactory = beanFactory;//对beanFactory成员进行赋值
}
}
catch (IOException ex) {
throw new ApplicationContextException("I/O error parsing bean definition source for " + getDisplayName(), ex);
}
}protected void initApplicationEventMulticaster() {
ConfigurableListableBeanFactory beanFactory = getBeanFactory();
if (beanFactory.containsLocalBean(APPLICATION_EVENT_MULTICASTER_BEAN_NAME)) {
this.applicationEventMulticaster =
beanFactory.getBean(APPLICATION_EVENT_MULTICASTER_BEAN_NAME, ApplicationEventMulticaster.class);
if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
logger.debug("Using ApplicationEventMulticaster [" + this.applicationEventMulticaster + "]");
}
}
else {
this.applicationEventMulticaster = new SimpleApplicationEventMulticaster(beanFactory);
beanFactory.registerSingleton(APPLICATION_EVENT_MULTICASTER_BEAN_NAME, this.applicationEventMulticaster);
if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
logger.debug("Unable to locate ApplicationEventMulticaster with name '" +
APPLICATION_EVENT_MULTICASTER_BEAN_NAME +
"': using default [" + this.applicationEventMulticaster + "]");
}
}
}1. public static void main(String[] args) {
ClassPathXmlApplicationContext applicationContext = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext();
applicationContext.setConfigLocation("application-context.xml");
applicationContext.start();
applicationContext.close();
}
2. public static void main(String[] args) {
ClassPathXmlApplicationContext applicationContext = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext();
applicationContext.setConfigLocation("application-context.xml");
applicationContext.getBean("xtayfjpk");
applicationContext.close();
}
3. public static void main(String[] args) {
GenericApplicationContext parent = new GenericApplicationContext();
AnnotationConfigWebApplicationContext context = new AnnotationConfigWebApplicationContext();
context.setParent(parent);
context.refresh();
context.start();
context.close();
}public void start() {
getLifecycleProcessor().start();
publishEvent(new ContextStartedEvent(this));
}public ClassPathXmlApplicationContext(String[] configLocations, boolean refresh, ApplicationContext parent) throws BeansException {
super(parent);
setConfigLocations(configLocations);
if (refresh) {//refresh传递值为true，这样就自动调用了refresh方法进行了刷新
refresh();
}
}第二条异常消息，异常堆栈出错在applicationContext.getBean("xtayfjpk")，applicationContext.getBean()方法调用的是上下文中beanFactory的getBean()方法实现的，获取BeanFactory对象的代码在其基类ConfigurableListableBeanFactory中的getBeanFactory()方法中：
@Override
public final ConfigurableListableBeanFactory getBeanFactory() {
synchronized (this.beanFactoryMonitor) {
if (this.beanFactory == null) {
throw new IllegalStateException("BeanFactory not initialized or already closed - " +
"call 'refresh' before accessing beans via the ApplicationContext");
}
return this.beanFactory;
}
}
第三条异常消息，异常堆栈出错在context.refresh()，但是如果没有设置父上下文的话context.setParent(parent)，例子代码是不会出现异常的。这是因为在refresh方法中的finishRefresh()方法调用了publishEvent方法：
public void publishEvent(ApplicationEvent event) {
Assert.notNull(event, "Event must not be null");
if (logger.isTraceEnabled()) {
logger.trace("Publishing event in " + getDisplayName() + ": " + event);
}
getApplicationEventMulticaster().multicastEvent(event);
if (this.parent != null) {
this.parent.publishEvent(event);
}
}private ApplicationEventMulticaster getApplicationEventMulticaster() throws IllegalStateException {
if (this.applicationEventMulticaster == null) {//如果为null则抛异常
throw new IllegalStateException("ApplicationEventMulticaster not initialized - " +
"call 'refresh' before multicasting events via the context: " + this);
}
return this.applicationEventMulticaster;
}
综上所述，其实这三条异常消息的根本原因只有一个，就是当一个上下文对象创建后没有调用refresh()方法。在Spring中ApplicationContext实现类有很多，有些实现类在创建的过程中自动调用了refresh()方法，而有些又没有，如果没有则需要自己手动调用refresh()方法。一般说来实现WebApplicationContext接口的实现类以及使用默认构造方法创建上下文对象时不会自动refresh()方法，其它情况则会自动调用。
原文地址：http://blog.csdn.net/xtayfjpk/article/details/44998599
