MySQL之对数据库库表的字符集的更改

更改前的数据：
[root@master mysql]# mysql -uroot -p123456 -e "show create database oldboy\G;show create table oldboy.student\G;set names latin1;select * from oldboy.student;\G"
Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
*************************** 1. row ***************************
       Database: oldboy
Create Database: CREATE DATABASE `oldboy` /*!40100 DEFAULT CHARACTER SET latin1 */
*************************** 1. row ***************************
       Table: student
Create Table: CREATE TABLE `student` (
  `id` int(4) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  `name` char(20) NOT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=8 DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1
+----+-----------+
| id | name      |
+----+-----------+
|  1 | oldboy    |
|  2 | oldgirl   |
|  3 | inca      |
|  4 | zuma      |
|  5 | kaka      |
|  6 | ???       |
|  7 | 老男孩    |
+----+-----------+
导出表结构：
[root@master mysql]# /opt/mysql/bin/mysqldump --default-character-set=latin1 -uroot -p -d oldboy > zhulh/alltable.sql
查看导出内容：
[root@master mysql]# grep -E -v "#|\/|^$|--" zhulh/alltable.sql
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `error_log`;
CREATE TABLE `error_log` (
  `error_message` char(80) DEFAULT NULL
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1;
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `student`;
CREATE TABLE `student` (
  `id` int(4) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  `name` char(20) NOT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=8 DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1;
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `t2`;
CREATE TABLE `t2` (
  `s1` int(11) NOT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`s1`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1;
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `t3`;
CREATE TABLE `t3` (
  `s1` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
  KEY `s1` (`s1`),
  CONSTRAINT `t3_ibfk_1` FOREIGN KEY (`s1`) REFERENCES `t2` (`s1`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1;
修改latin1为utf8：
[root@master mysql]# sed -i "s/latin1/utf8/" zhulh/alltable.sql
[root@master mysql]# grep -E -v "#|\/|^$|--" zhulh/alltable.sql
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `error_log`;
CREATE TABLE `error_log` (
  `error_message` char(80) DEFAULT NULL
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `student`;
CREATE TABLE `student` (
  `id` int(4) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  `name` char(20) NOT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=8 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `t2`;
CREATE TABLE `t2` (
  `s1` int(11) NOT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`s1`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `t3`;
CREATE TABLE `t3` (
  `s1` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
  KEY `s1` (`s1`),
  CONSTRAINT `t3_ibfk_1` FOREIGN KEY (`s1`) REFERENCES `t2` (`s1`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
确保数据库不再更新，导出所有数据
[root@master mysql]# /opt/mysql/bin/mysqldump --default-character-set=latin1 --quick --no-create-info --extended-insert  -uroot -p -B oldboy > zhulh/alldata.sql
修改latin1为utf8：(将SET NAMES latin1 修改成SET NAMES utf8)
[root@master mysql]# sed -i "s/latin1/utf8/" zhulh/alldata.sql
删除老库：
root@mysql5.6 01:09:24->drop database oldboy;
Query OK, 4 rows affected (0.20 sec)
新建新库：
root@mysql5.6 01:12:53->create database oldboy default charset utf8;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
导入数据：
[root@master mysql]# mysql -uroot -p123456 oldboy < zhulh/alltable.sql 
Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
[root@master mysql]# mysql -uroot -p123456 oldboy < zhulh/alldata.sql 
Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
[root@master mysql]# mysql -uroot -p123456 -e "select * from oldboy.student;"
Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
+----+-----------+
| id | name      |
+----+-----------+
|  1 | oldboy    |
|  2 | oldgirl   |
|  3 | inca      |
|  4 | zuma      |
|  5 | kaka      |
|  6 | ???       |
|  7 | 老男孩    |
+----+-----------+
[root@master mysql]#