1、《UNIX环境高级编程》随记——基础知识

 1 # 要遍历的文件夹
 2 DIRS = lib intro sockets advio daemons datafiles db environ  3     fileio filedir ipc1 ipc2 proc pty relation signals standards  4     stdio termios threadctl threads printer exercises
 5 # for循环，若想要连续遍历用$$i
 6 all:
 7     for i in $(DIRS); do  8         (cd $$i && echo "making $$i" && $(MAKE) ) || exit 1;  9     done
10 
11 clean:
12     for i in $(DIRS); do 13         (cd $$i && echo "cleaning $$i" && $(MAKE) clean) || exit 1; 14     done

 1 ROOT=..
 2 # 执行apue.3e/systype.sh
 3 PLATFORM=$(shell $(ROOT)/systype.sh)
 4 # 引入基本量
 5 include $(ROOT)/Make.defines.$(PLATFORM)
 6 # 需要编译的文件
 7 PROGS =    getcputc hello ls1 mycat shell1 shell2 testerror uidgid
 8 
 9 all:    $(PROGS)
10 # 执行gcc命令，相应的量的值在Make.defines.xxx文件中，@表示依赖文件
11 %:    %.c $(LIBAPUE)
12     $(CC) $(CFLAGS) $@.c -o $@ $(LDFLAGS) $(LDLIBS)
13 
14 clean:
15     rm -f $(PROGS) $(TEMPFILES) *.o
16 #引入apue.3e/Make.libapue.inc文件
17 include $(ROOT)/Make.libapue.inc

# Common make definitions, customized for each platform

# Definitions required in all program directories to compile and link
# C programs using gcc.

CC=gcc
COMPILE.c=$(CC) $(CFLAGS) $(CPPFLAGS) -c
LINK.c=$(CC) $(CFLAGS) $(CPPFLAGS) $(LDFLAGS)
LDFLAGS=
LDDIR=-L$(ROOT)/lib
LDLIBS=$(LDDIR) -lapue $(EXTRALIBS)

# -ansi ansi C标准
# -I将后面表示的目录作为第一个寻找头文件的目录，顺序为：(ROOT)/include->/usr/include->/usr/local/include
# -Wall 显示所有警告信息
# -D gcc中进行宏定义
# gcc命令中 -L将后面表示的目录作为第一个寻找库文件的目录，顺序为：(ROOT)/lib->/lib->/usr/lib->/usr/local/lib
CFLAGS=-ansi -I$(ROOT)/include -Wall -DLINUX -D_GNU_SOURCE $(EXTRA)
RANLIB=echo
AR=ar
AWK=awk
LIBAPUE=$(ROOT)/lib/libapue.a

# Common temp files to delete from each directory.
TEMPFILES=core core.* *.o temp.* *.out

/*注释随笔*/
//DIR:
struct __dirstream
       {
        void *__fd;
        char *__data;
        int __entry_data;
        char *__ptr;
        int __entry_ptr;
        size_t __allocation;
        size_t __size;
        __libc_lock_define (, __lock)
       };
typedef struct __dirstream DIR;
//dirent  <dirent.h>
struct dirent{
    long d_ino;                          /* inode number */
    off_t d_off;                         /* offset to this dirent */
    unsigned short d_reclen;         　　/* length of this d_name */
    char d_name [NAME_MAX+1];  　　　　　 /* file name (null-terminated) */
}