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本文由 ImportNew - 彭秦进 翻译自 journaldev。欢迎加入翻译小组。转载请见文末要求。
理解异步Servlet之前，让我们试着理解为什么需要它。假设我们有一个Servlet需要很多的时间来处理，类似下面的内容：
LongRunningServlet.java
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package com.journaldev.servlet;import java.io.IOException;import java.io.PrintWriter;import javax.servlet.ServletException;import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;@WebServlet("/LongRunningServlet")public class LongRunningServlet extends HttpServlet { private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L; protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException { long startTime = System.currentTimeMillis(); System.out.println("LongRunningServlet Start::Name=" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + "::ID=" + Thread.currentThread().getId()); String time = request.getParameter("time"); int secs = Integer.valueOf(time); // max 10 seconds if (secs > 10000) secs = 10000; longProcessing(secs); PrintWriter out = response.getWriter(); long endTime = System.currentTimeMillis(); out.write("Processing done for " + secs + " milliseconds!!"); System.out.println("LongRunningServlet Start::Name=" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + "::ID=" + Thread.currentThread().getId() + "::Time Taken=" + (endTime - startTime) + " ms."); } private void longProcessing(int secs) { // wait for given time before finishing try { Thread.sleep(secs); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } }} |
如果我们的URL是：http://localhost:8080/AsyncServletExample/LongRunningServlet?time=8000
得到响应为“Processing done for 8000 milliseconds! !“。现在，如果你会查看服务器日志，会得到以下记录:
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LongRunningServlet Start::Name=http-bio-8080-exec-34::ID=103LongRunningServlet Start::Name=http-bio-8080-exec-34::ID=103::Time Taken=8002 ms. |
所以Servlet线程实际运行超过 8秒，尽管大多数时间用来处理其它Servlet请求或响应。
这可能导致线程饥饿——因为我们的Servlet线程被阻塞，直到所有的处理完成。如果服务器的请求得到了很多过程，它将达到最大Servlet线程限制和进一步的请求会拒绝连接错误。
Servlet 3.0之前，这些长期运行的线程容器特定的解决方案，我们可以产生一个单独的工作线程完成耗时的任务，然后返回响应客户。Servlet线程返回Servlet池后启动工作线程。Tomcat 的 Comet、WebLogic FutureResponseServlet 和 WebSphere Asynchronous Request Dispatcher都是实现异步处理的很好示例。
容器特定解决方案的问题在于，在不改变应用程序代码时不能移动到其他Servlet容器。这就是为什么在Servlet3.0提供标准的方式异步处理Servlet的同时增加异步Servlet支持。
实现异步Servlet
让我们看看步骤来实现异步Servlet，然后我们将提供异步支持Servlet上面的例子：
一旦我们将完成我们的项目对于异步Servlet示例，项目结构看起来会像下面的图片：
在监听中初始化线程池
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package com.journaldev.servlet.async;import java.util.concurrent.ArrayBlockingQueue;import java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor;import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;import javax.servlet.ServletContextEvent;import javax.servlet.ServletContextListener;import javax.servlet.annotation.WebListener;@WebListenerpublic class AppContextListener implements ServletContextListener { public void contextInitialized(ServletContextEvent servletContextEvent) { // create the thread pool ThreadPoolExecutor executor = new ThreadPoolExecutor(100, 200, 50000L, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS, new ArrayBlockingQueue<Runnable>(100)); servletContextEvent.getServletContext().setAttribute("executor", executor); } public void contextDestroyed(ServletContextEvent servletContextEvent) { ThreadPoolExecutor executor = (ThreadPoolExecutor) servletContextEvent .getServletContext().getAttribute("executor"); executor.shutdown(); }} |
实现很直接，如果你不熟悉ThreadPoolExecutor 框架请读线程池的ThreadPoolExecutor 。关于listeners 的更多细节，请阅读教程Servlet Listener。
工作线程实现
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package com.journaldev.servlet.async;import java.io.IOException;import java.io.PrintWriter;import javax.servlet.AsyncContext;public class AsyncRequestProcessor implements Runnable { private AsyncContext asyncContext; private int secs; public AsyncRequestProcessor() { } public AsyncRequestProcessor(AsyncContext asyncCtx, int secs) { this.asyncContext = asyncCtx; this.secs = secs; } @Override public void run() { System.out.println("Async Supported? " + asyncContext.getRequest().isAsyncSupported()); longProcessing(secs); try { PrintWriter out = asyncContext.getResponse().getWriter(); out.write("Processing done for " + secs + " milliseconds!!"); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } //complete the processing asyncContext.complete(); } private void longProcessing(int secs) { // wait for given time before finishing try { Thread.sleep(secs); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } }} |
注意：在请求和响应时使用AsyncContext对象，然后在完成时调用 asyncContext.complete() 方法。
AsyncListener 实现
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package com.journaldev.servlet.async;import java.io.IOException;import java.io.PrintWriter;import javax.servlet.AsyncEvent;import javax.servlet.AsyncListener;import javax.servlet.ServletResponse;import javax.servlet.annotation.WebListener;@WebListenerpublic class AppAsyncListener implements AsyncListener { @Override public void onComplete(AsyncEvent asyncEvent) throws IOException { System.out.println("AppAsyncListener onComplete"); // we can do resource cleanup activity here } @Override public void onError(AsyncEvent asyncEvent) throws IOException { System.out.println("AppAsyncListener onError"); //we can return error response to client } @Override public void onStartAsync(AsyncEvent asyncEvent) throws IOException { System.out.println("AppAsyncListener onStartAsync"); //we can log the event here } @Override public void onTimeout(AsyncEvent asyncEvent) throws IOException { System.out.println("AppAsyncListener onTimeout"); //we can send appropriate response to client ServletResponse response = asyncEvent.getAsyncContext().getResponse(); PrintWriter out = response.getWriter(); out.write("TimeOut Error in Processing"); }} |
通知的实现在 Timeout()方法，通过它发送超时响应给客户端。
Async Servlet 实现
这是我们的异步Servlet实现，注意使用AsyncContext和ThreadPoolExecutor进行处理。
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package com.journaldev.servlet.async;import java.io.IOException;import java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor;import javax.servlet.AsyncContext;import javax.servlet.ServletException;import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;@WebServlet(urlPatterns = "/AsyncLongRunningServlet", asyncSupported = true)public class AsyncLongRunningServlet extends HttpServlet { private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L; protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException { long startTime = System.currentTimeMillis(); System.out.println("AsyncLongRunningServlet Start::Name=" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + "::ID=" + Thread.currentThread().getId()); request.setAttribute("org.apache.catalina.ASYNC_SUPPORTED", true); String time = request.getParameter("time"); int secs = Integer.valueOf(time); // max 10 seconds if (secs > 10000) secs = 10000; AsyncContext asyncCtx = request.startAsync(); asyncCtx.addListener(new AppAsyncListener()); asyncCtx.setTimeout(9000); ThreadPoolExecutor executor = (ThreadPoolExecutor) request .getServletContext().getAttribute("executor"); executor.execute(new AsyncRequestProcessor(asyncCtx, secs)); long endTime = System.currentTimeMillis(); System.out.println("AsyncLongRunningServlet End::Name=" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + "::ID=" + Thread.currentThread().getId() + "::Time Taken=" + (endTime - startTime) + " ms."); }} |
Run Async Servlet
现在，当我们将上面运行servlet URL：
http://localhost:8080/AsyncServletExample/AsyncLongRunningServlet?time=8000
得到响应和日志：
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AsyncLongRunningServlet Start::Name=http-bio-8080-exec-50::ID=124AsyncLongRunningServlet End::Name=http-bio-8080-exec-50::ID=124::Time Taken=1 ms.Async Supported? trueAppAsyncListener onComplete |
如果运行时设置time=9999，在客户端超时以后会得到响应超时错误处理和日志：
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AsyncLongRunningServlet Start::Name=http-bio-8080-exec-44::ID=117AsyncLongRunningServlet End::Name=http-bio-8080-exec-44::ID=117::Time Taken=1 ms.Async Supported? trueAppAsyncListener onTimeoutAppAsyncListener onErrorAppAsyncListener onCompleteException in thread "pool-5-thread-6" java.lang.IllegalStateException: The request associated with the AsyncContext has already completed processing. at org.apache.catalina.core.AsyncContextImpl.check(AsyncContextImpl.java:439) at org.apache.catalina.core.AsyncContextImpl.getResponse(AsyncContextImpl.java:197) at com.journaldev.servlet.async.AsyncRequestProcessor.run(AsyncRequestProcessor.java:27) at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.runTask(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:895) at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:918) at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:680) |
注意：Servlet线程执行完，很快就和所有主要的处理工作是发生在其他线程。
这是所有异步Servlet内容，希望你喜欢它。下载 AsyncServletExample 工程
原文链接： journaldev 翻译： ImportNew.com - 彭秦进
译文链接： http://www.importnew.com/8864.html
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原文地址：http://www.cnblogs.com/clds/p/5006572.html
