标签:struts
在第(1)节“入门”的时候,做了一个简单的案例。
在第(2)节“Struts配置文件”,对struts.xml文件中的package、action和result进行了简单介绍。
在本节中,则对struts.xml中的配置和uri之间的映射做一个介绍。
1、Action访问路径
struts2中,调用action的URL路径= 包的命名空间+"/"+action的名称
例如: 访问StudentAction的URL路径为: /test/studentAction.action
<package name="test" namespace=“/test“ extends="struts-default"> <action name="studentAction" class="cn.rupeng.StudentAction"> <result name="success" >/success.jsp</result> </action> </package>
2、Action访问路径的匹配顺序
根据uri的namespace从长到短的顺序去匹配package
举例:如url: http://ip/strutsapp/path1/path2/path3/myAction.action
1.获取请求路径uri
strutsapp/path1/path2/path3/myAction.action
2.寻找namespace为/path1/path2/path3的package,
如存在该package,则从该package中寻找名为myAction的action,如不存在继续寻找;
3.寻找namespace为/path1/path2的package,
如存在该package,则从该package中寻找名为myAction的action,如不存在继续寻找;
4.寻找namespace为/path1的package,
如存在该package,则从该package中寻找名为myAction的action;如不存在,就去默认的namaspace的package下面去找名为myAction的action(默认命名空间为“/” )。
如果最后还找不到,则提示找不到action。
3、Action请求处理的缺省后缀
StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilter是Struts 2框架核心控制器,负责拦截由<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>指定所有用户请求。
默认情况下,如用户请求路径不带后缀或者后缀以.action结尾,请求将被转入Struts 2框架处理,否则Struts 2框架将略过该请求。
配置文件:struts2-core-2.x.x.x.jar包下的org.apache.struts2/default.properties文件定义的常量决定struts.action.extension=action
### Used by the DefaultActionMapper ### You may provide a comma separated list, e.g. struts.action.extension=action,jnlp,do ### The blank extension allows you to match directory listings as well as pure action names ### without interfering with static resources, which can be specified as an empty string ### prior to a comma e.g. struts.action.extension=, or struts.action.extension=x,y,z,, struts.action.extension=action,,
修改默认处理后缀,可以在struts.xml中添加常量”struts.action.extension“进行修改的,如:
<struts>
<constant name="struts.action.extension" value="do,go"/>
</struts>
4、Struts2常量
4.1、配置Struts2常量的位置
常量可以在struts.xml或struts.properties中配置,推荐在struts.xml中配置:
在struts.xml文件中配置常量
<struts>
<constant name="struts.action.extension" value="go"/>
</struts>
在struts.properties中配置常量 (struts.properties文件放置在src下)
struts.action.extension=do
4.2、Struts2加载常量的顺序
因常量可在多个配置文件中进行定义,Struts2加载常量的顺序:
1 struts-default.xml
2 struts-plugin.xml
3 struts.xml
4 struts.properties
5 web.xml
如在多个文件中配置同一个常量,则后一个文件中配置的常量值会覆盖前一个文件配置的常量值.
4.3、一些经常使用的常量
(1)指定默认编码集,作用于HttpServletRequest的setCharacterEncoding方法和freemarker 、velocity输出
<constant name="struts.i18n.encoding" value="UTF-8"/>
(2)指定需要Struts 2处理的请求后缀,默认是action,如用户需指定多个请求后缀,则多个后缀之间以英文逗号(,)隔开
<constant name="struts.action.extension" value="do"/>
(3)设置浏览器是否缓存静态内容,默认值为true(生产环境下使用),开发阶段最好关闭
<constant name="struts.serve.static.browserCache" value="false"/>
(4)系统是否自动重新加载修改后的struts配置文件,默认值为false(生产环境下使用),开发阶段最好打开。
<constant name="struts.configuration.xml.reload" value="true"/>
(5)打印出更详细的错误信息(开发模式下使用)
<constant name="struts.devMode" value="true" />
(6)默认视图主题
<constant name="struts.ui.theme" value="simple" />
(7)与spring集成时,指定由spring负责action对象的创建
<constant name="struts.objectFactory" value="spring" />
(8)该属性设置Struts 2是否支持动态方法调用(默认值是true)
<constant name="struts.enable.DynamicMethodInvocation" value="false"/>
(9)上传文件大小限制
<constant name="struts.multipart.maxSize" value=“10701096"/>
4.4、default.properties
struts2-core-2.x.x.x.jar包下的org.apache.struts2/default.properties文件中定义的常量还有如下:
default.properties文件的部分内容
### This can be used to set your default locale and encoding scheme # struts.locale=en_US struts.i18n.encoding=UTF-8 ### if specified, the default object factory can be overridden here ### Note: short-hand notation is supported in some cases, such as "spring" ### Alternatively, you can provide a com.opensymphony.xwork2.ObjectFactory subclass name here # struts.objectFactory = spring ### Parser to handle HTTP POST requests, encoded using the MIME-type multipart/form-data # struts.multipart.parser=cos # struts.multipart.parser=pell # struts.multipart.parser=jakarta-stream struts.multipart.parser=jakarta # uses javax.servlet.context.tempdir by default struts.multipart.saveDir= struts.multipart.maxSize=2097152 ### Used by the DefaultActionMapper ### You may provide a comma separated list, e.g. struts.action.extension=action,jnlp,do ### The blank extension allows you to match directory listings as well as pure action names ### without interfering with static resources, which can be specified as an empty string ### prior to a comma e.g. struts.action.extension=, or struts.action.extension=x,y,z,, struts.action.extension=action,, ### Used by FilterDispatcher ### If true then Struts serves static content from inside its jar. ### If false then the static content must be available at <context_path>/struts struts.serve.static=true ### Used by FilterDispatcher ### This is good for development where one wants changes to the static content be ### fetch on each request. ### NOTE: This will only have effect if struts.serve.static=true ### If true -> Struts will write out header for static contents such that they will ### be cached by web browsers (using Date, Cache-Content, Pragma, Expires) ### headers). ### If false -> Struts will write out header for static contents such that they are ### NOT to be cached by web browser (using Cache-Content, Pragma, Expires ### headers) struts.serve.static.browserCache=true ### Set this to false if you wish to disable implicit dynamic method invocation ### via the URL request. This includes URLs like foo!bar.action, as well as params ### like method:bar (but not action:foo). ### An alternative to implicit dynamic method invocation is to use wildcard ### mappings, such as <action name="*/*" method="{2}" class="actions.{1}"> struts.enable.DynamicMethodInvocation = false ### when set to true, Struts will act much more friendly for developers. This ### includes: ### - struts.i18n.reload = true ### - struts.configuration.xml.reload = true ### - raising various debug or ignorable problems to errors ### For example: normally a request to foo.action?someUnknownField=true should ### be ignored (given that any value can come from the web and it ### should not be trusted). However, during development, it may be ### useful to know when these errors are happening and be told of ### them right away. struts.devMode = false ### Standard UI theme ### Change this to reflect which path should be used for JSP control tag templates by default struts.ui.theme=xhtml struts.ui.templateDir=template ### Change this to use a different token to indicate template theme expansion struts.ui.theme.expansion.token=~~~ #sets the default template type. Either ftl, vm, or jsp struts.ui.templateSuffix=ftl
完整的default.properties文件
# # $Id$ # # Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one # or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file # distributed with this work for additional information # regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file # to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the # "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance # with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at # # http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 # # Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, # software distributed under the License is distributed on an # "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY # KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the # specific language governing permissions and limitations # under the License. # ### START SNIPPET: complete_file ### Struts default properties ###(can be overridden by a struts.properties file in the root of the classpath) ### ### This can be used to set your default locale and encoding scheme # struts.locale=en_US struts.i18n.encoding=UTF-8 ### if specified, the default object factory can be overridden here ### Note: short-hand notation is supported in some cases, such as "spring" ### Alternatively, you can provide a com.opensymphony.xwork2.ObjectFactory subclass name here # struts.objectFactory = spring ### specifies the autoWiring logic when using the SpringObjectFactory. ### valid values are: name, type, auto, and constructor (name is the default) struts.objectFactory.spring.autoWire = name ### indicates to the struts-spring integration if Class instances should be cached ### this should, until a future Spring release makes it possible, be left as true ### unless you know exactly what you are doing! ### valid values are: true, false (true is the default) struts.objectFactory.spring.useClassCache = true ### ensures the autowire strategy is always respected. ### valid values are: true, false (false is the default) struts.objectFactory.spring.autoWire.alwaysRespect = false ### By default SpringObjectFactory doesn‘t support AOP ### This flag was added just temporally to check if nothing is broken ### See https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/WW-4110 struts.objectFactory.spring.enableAopSupport = false ### if specified, the default object type determiner can be overridden here ### Note: short-hand notation is supported in some cases, such as "tiger" or "notiger" ### Alternatively, you can provide a com.opensymphony.xwork2.util.ObjectTypeDeterminer implementation name here ### Note: By default, com.opensymphony.xwork2.util.DefaultObjectTypeDeterminer is used which handles type detection ### using generics. com.opensymphony.xwork2.util.GenericsObjectTypeDeterminer was deprecated since XWork 2, it‘s ### functions are integrated in DefaultObjectTypeDeterminer now. ### To disable tiger support use the "notiger" property value here. #struts.objectTypeDeterminer = tiger #struts.objectTypeDeterminer = notiger ### Parser to handle HTTP POST requests, encoded using the MIME-type multipart/form-data # struts.multipart.parser=cos # struts.multipart.parser=pell # struts.multipart.parser=jakarta-stream struts.multipart.parser=jakarta # uses javax.servlet.context.tempdir by default struts.multipart.saveDir= struts.multipart.maxSize=2097152 ### Load custom property files (does not override struts.properties!) # struts.custom.properties=application,org/apache/struts2/extension/custom ### How request URLs are mapped to and from actions #struts.mapper.class=org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.mapper.DefaultActionMapper ### Used by the DefaultActionMapper ### You may provide a comma separated list, e.g. struts.action.extension=action,jnlp,do ### The blank extension allows you to match directory listings as well as pure action names ### without interfering with static resources, which can be specified as an empty string ### prior to a comma e.g. struts.action.extension=, or struts.action.extension=x,y,z,, struts.action.extension=action,, ### Used by FilterDispatcher ### If true then Struts serves static content from inside its jar. ### If false then the static content must be available at <context_path>/struts struts.serve.static=true ### Used by FilterDispatcher ### This is good for development where one wants changes to the static content be ### fetch on each request. ### NOTE: This will only have effect if struts.serve.static=true ### If true -> Struts will write out header for static contents such that they will ### be cached by web browsers (using Date, Cache-Content, Pragma, Expires) ### headers). ### If false -> Struts will write out header for static contents such that they are ### NOT to be cached by web browser (using Cache-Content, Pragma, Expires ### headers) struts.serve.static.browserCache=true ### Set this to false if you wish to disable implicit dynamic method invocation ### via the URL request. This includes URLs like foo!bar.action, as well as params ### like method:bar (but not action:foo). ### An alternative to implicit dynamic method invocation is to use wildcard ### mappings, such as <action name="*/*" method="{2}" class="actions.{1}"> struts.enable.DynamicMethodInvocation = false ### Set this to true if you wish to allow slashes in your action names. If false, ### Actions names cannot have slashes, and will be accessible via any directory ### prefix. This is the traditional behavior expected of WebWork applications. ### Setting to true is useful when you want to use wildcards and store values ### in the URL, to be extracted by wildcard patterns, such as ### <action name="*/*" method="{2}" class="actions.{1}"> to match "/foo/edit" or ### "/foo/save". struts.enable.SlashesInActionNames = false ### Disables support for action: prefix struts.mapper.action.prefix.enabled = false ### Blocks access to actions in other namespace than current with action: prefix struts.mapper.action.prefix.crossNamespaces = false ### use alternative syntax that requires %{} in most places ### to evaluate expressions for String attributes for tags struts.tag.altSyntax=true ### when set to true, Struts will act much more friendly for developers. This ### includes: ### - struts.i18n.reload = true ### - struts.configuration.xml.reload = true ### - raising various debug or ignorable problems to errors ### For example: normally a request to foo.action?someUnknownField=true should ### be ignored (given that any value can come from the web and it ### should not be trusted). However, during development, it may be ### useful to know when these errors are happening and be told of ### them right away. struts.devMode = false ### when set to true, resource bundles will be reloaded on _every_ request. ### this is good during development, but should never be used in production ### struts.i18n.reload=false ### Standard UI theme ### Change this to reflect which path should be used for JSP control tag templates by default struts.ui.theme=xhtml struts.ui.templateDir=template ### Change this to use a different token to indicate template theme expansion struts.ui.theme.expansion.token=~~~ #sets the default template type. Either ftl, vm, or jsp struts.ui.templateSuffix=ftl ### Configuration reloading ### This will cause the configuration to reload struts.xml when it is changed ### struts.configuration.xml.reload=false ### Location of velocity.properties file. defaults to velocity.properties struts.velocity.configfile = velocity.properties ### Comma separated list of VelocityContext classnames to chain to the StrutsVelocityContext struts.velocity.contexts = ### Location of the velocity toolbox struts.velocity.toolboxlocation= ### used to build URLs, such as the UrlTag struts.url.http.port = 80 struts.url.https.port = 443 ### possible values are: none, get or all struts.url.includeParams = none ### Load custom default resource bundles # struts.custom.i18n.resources=testmessages,testmessages2 ### workaround for some app servers that don‘t handle HttpServletRequest.getParameterMap() ### often used for WebLogic, Orion, and OC4J struts.dispatcher.parametersWorkaround = false ### configure the Freemarker Manager class to be used ### Allows user to plug-in customised Freemarker Manager if necessary ### MUST extends off org.apache.struts2.views.freemarker.FreemarkerManager #struts.freemarker.manager.classname=org.apache.struts2.views.freemarker.FreemarkerManager ### Enables caching of FreeMarker templates ### Has the same effect as copying the templates under WEB_APP/templates ### struts.freemarker.templatesCache=false ### Enables caching of models on the BeanWrapper struts.freemarker.beanwrapperCache=false ### See the StrutsBeanWrapper javadocs for more information struts.freemarker.wrapper.altMap=true ### maxStrongSize for MruCacheStorage for freemarker, when set to 0 SoftCacheStorage which performs better in heavy loaded application ### check WW-3766 for more details struts.freemarker.mru.max.strong.size=0 ### configure the XSLTResult class to use stylesheet caching. ### Set to true for developers and false for production. struts.xslt.nocache=false ### Whether to always select the namespace to be everything before the last slash or not struts.mapper.alwaysSelectFullNamespace=false ### Whether to allow static method access in OGNL expressions or not struts.ognl.allowStaticMethodAccess=false ### Whether to throw a RuntimeException when a property is not found ### in an expression, or when the expression evaluation fails struts.el.throwExceptionOnFailure=false ### Logs as Warnings properties that are not found (very verbose) struts.ognl.logMissingProperties=false ### Caches parsed OGNL expressions, but can lead to memory leaks ### if the application generates a lot of different expressions struts.ognl.enableExpressionCache=true ### Indicates if Dispatcher should handle unexpected exceptions by calling sendError() ### or simply rethrow it as a ServletException to allow future processing by other frameworks like Spring Security struts.handle.exception=true ### END SNIPPET: complete_file
标签:struts
原文地址:http://lsieun.blog.51cto.com/9210464/1791522