Struts2框架详解

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" 
  xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_0.xsd" id="WebApp_ID" version="3.0">
  <display-name>struts2</display-name>
  <filter>
  <filter-name>struts2</filter-name>
  <filter-class>org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.ng.filter.StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilter</filter-class>
<!-- StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilter是自2.1.3以后对FilterDispicther的替换 -->
  </filter>
  <filter-mapping>
  <filter-name>struts2</filter-name><!-- 此处的name和<filter>中的name一致 -->
  <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
  </filter-mapping>
  <welcome-file-list>
    <welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>
  </welcome-file-list>
</web-app>

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC "-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.3//EN" "http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.3.dtd">
<!-- struts.xml配置包含
	1.常量参数配置
	2.文件包含导入配置
	3.命名空间的配置
	4.包的配置 
	5.Action配置
	6.拦截器配置
 -->
<struts>
 
   <!--1.常量参数配置
   		参数主要设置一些struts的环境或者其他属性
   		可以在Struts2的核心配置文件struts.propertie配置导入
     -->
     
	<!-- 设置action的扩展名 -->
	<constant name="struts.action.extension" value="action" />
	<!-- 设置默认编码 -->
	<constant name="struts.i18n.encoding" value="utf8" />
	<!-- 设置默认locale -->
	<constant name="struts.locale" value="zh_CN" />
	<!-- 设置国际化资源文件，多个文件用逗号隔开 -->
	<constant name="struts.custom.i18n.resources" value="messageResourse" />
	<!-- 设置struts默认ObjectFactory为spring -->
	<constant name="struts.objectFactory" value="spring" />
	<!-- 设置允许静态方法调用 -->
	<constant name="struts.ognl.allowStaticMethodAccess" value="true" />
	<!-- 设置应用是否处于开发模式 -->
	<constant name="struts.devMode" value="true" />
	<!-- 设置默认主题 -->
	<constant name="struts.ui.theme" value="simple" />
	
	<!--2.文件包含导入配置 
		在struts2中配置文件可分为多个，我可以通过struts.xml来包含其他配置文件
		file属性指定文件名
	 -->
	 
	 <include file="struts-user.xml"/>
	 
	<!--3.命名空间的配置
	 	考虑到struts2中可能会出现同名的Action,所以采用命名空间来区别
	 	同一个命名空间不能出现名字相同的Action，我们通过在包中指定namespace
	 	参数值来指定,如果未指定，默认为""，如果指定命名空间，访问action时候
	 	需要在action name前添加命名空间，例如：http://localhost:8080/工程名/命名空间/Action名.后缀
	 -->	 
	 
	<package name="default" extends="struts-default" namespace="test">
		<action name="action_name" class="com.struts2.action.HelloWorldAction">
			<result>/result.jsp</result>
		</action>
	</package>
	 
	 
	<!--4.包的配置 
		包配置中的属性：（1）name:指定包的名字，必填
		(2)extends：指定包继承的包，可以继承其他包的Action定义和拦截器定义，可选
		(3)namespace:指定包的命名空间，可选
	  --> 
	  
	<package name="default" extends="struts-default" namespace="test">
	
		<!-- 定义全局result -->
		<global-results>
			<result name="返回值名">页面相对地址</result>
		</global-results>
		
		<!-- 定义全局异常映射 -->
		<global-exception-mappings>
			<exception-mapping result="excption result"
				exception="exception class" />
		</global-exception-mappings>
		
		<!--5.Action配置
			Action中的属性 
			（1）name：指定action名，用于访问链接
			（2）class：指定Action实现类的路径
		  -->
		  
		<action name="sayhello" class="com.struts2.action.HelloAction">
			<!-- 设置名为success的result -->
			<result>/welcome.jsp</result>
			<!--设置名为input的result -->
			<result name="input">/index.jsp</result>
			<!-- 在action中定义自定义和默认拦截器 -->
			<interceptor-ref name="自定义拦截器名"></interceptor-ref>
			<interceptor-ref name="defaultStack"></interceptor-ref>
		</action>
		
		<!--6.拦截器配置 
			
		 -->
		<!-- 配置自定义拦截器 -->
		<interceptors>
			<interceptor name="拦截器名" class="拦截器绝对地址"></interceptor>
		</interceptors>
	</package>
	
</struts> 

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC "-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.3//EN" "http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.3.dtd">
<struts>	
 	<!-- 设置action的扩展名 -->
	<constant name="struts.action.extension" value="action" />
 
	
	<package name="default" extends="struts-default" namespace="/">
        <!-- 对应默认的excute方法 -->
		<action name="sayhello" class="com.struts2.action.HelloWorldAction">
			<!-- 设置名为success的result -->
			<result name="success">/default.jsp</result>
		</action>
		<!-- 对应add方法 -->
		<action name="addAction" method="add" class="com.struts2.action.HelloWorldAction">
			<result name="success">/add.jsp</result>
		</action>
		<!-- 对应delete方法 -->
		<action name="deleteAction" method="delete" class="com.struts2.action.HelloWorldAction">
			<result name="success">/delete.jsp</result>
		</action>
		
	</package>
	
</struts> 

package com.struts2.action;
 
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;
 
public class HelloWorldAction extends ActionSupport {
 
	/**
	 * 
	 */
	private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
	/**
	 * Action默认调用该执行方法
	 */
       @Override
   public String execute()throws Exception{
	   System.out.println("execute方法执行了！");
	return SUCCESS;
	   
   }
    /**
     * add方法
     */
   public String add(){
	   System.out.println("add方法执行了！");   
	return "add";
   }
   /**
    * delete方法
    */
  public String delete(){
	   System.out.println("delete方法执行了！");   
	return "delete";
  }
   
}

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC "-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.3//EN" "http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.3.dtd">
<struts>	
 	<!-- 设置action的扩展名 -->
	<constant name="struts.action.extension" value="action" />
	<!-- 配置开启动态调用 -->
	<constant name="struts.enable.DynamicMethodInvocation" value="true"></constant>
	
	<package name="default" extends="struts-default" namespace="/">
		<action name="sayhello" class="com.struts2.action.HelloWorldAction">
			<!-- 设置名为success的result -->
			<result name="success">/default.jsp</result>
			<result name="add">/add.jsp</result>
			<result name="delete">/delete.jsp</result>
		</action>
		
	</package>
	
</struts> 

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC "-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.3//EN" "http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.3.dtd">
<struts>	
 	<!-- 设置action的扩展名 -->
	<constant name="struts.action.extension" value="action" />
 
	<package name="default" extends="struts-default" namespace="/">
		<action name="*_*" method="{2}" class="com.struts2.action.{1}Action">
			<!-- 设置名为success的result -->
			<result name="success">/{2}.jsp</result>
			<result name="add">/{2}.jsp</result>
			<result name="delete">/{2}.jsp</result>
		</action>
		
	</package>
	
</struts> 

<form action="login.action" method="post">
		用户名：<input type="text" id="username" name="username"><br> 密码：<input
			type="password" id="password" name="password"><br> <input type="submit"
			value="提交">
</form>

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC "-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.3//EN" "http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.3.dtd">
<struts>	
 	<!-- 设置action的扩展名 -->
	<constant name="struts.action.extension" value="action" />
		
	</package> -->
	<package name="default" extends="struts-default" namespace="/">
		<action name="login" method="login" class="com.struts2.action.LoginAction">
			<result name="success">/welcome.jsp</result>
		</action>
	</package>
	
</struts> 

package com.struts2.action;
 
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;
 
public class LoginAction extends ActionSupport {
	private String username;
	private String password;
/*
 * 属性的get set方法
 */
	public String getUsername() {
		return username;
	}
	public void setUsername(String username) {
		this.username = username;
	}
	public String getPassword() {
		return password;
	}
	public void setPassword(String password) {
		this.password = password;
	}
/*
 * 登陆方法
 */
	public String login(){
		System.out.println("用户名："+username);
		System.out.println("密码:"+password);
		return "success";
	}
 
	
}

<form action="login.action" method="post">
		用户名：<input type="text" id="username" name="user.username"><br> 密码：<input
			type="password" id="password" name="user.password"><br> <input type="submit"
			value="提交">
	</form>

package com.struts2.bean;
 
public class User {
	private String username;
	private String password;
/*
 * 属性的get set方法
 */
	public String getUsername() {
		return username;
	}
	public void setUsername(String username) {
		this.username = username;
	}
	public String getPassword() {
		return password;
	}
	public void setPassword(String password) {
		this.password = password;
	}
}

package com.struts2.action;
 
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;
import com.struts2.bean.User;
 
public class LoginAction extends ActionSupport {
	private User user;
 
	public User getUser() {
		return user;
	}
 
	public void setUser(User user) {
		this.user = user;
	}
 
	/*
	 * 登陆方法
	 */
	public String login() {
		System.out.println("用户名：" + user.getUsername());
		System.out.println("密码:" + user.getPassword());
		return "success";
	}
 
}

package com.struts2.action;
 
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ModelDriven;
import com.struts2.bean.User;
 
public class LoginAction extends ActionSupport implements ModelDriven<User> {
	private User user = new User();
 
	/*
	 * 登陆方法
	 */
	public String login() {
		System.out.println("用户名：" + user.getUsername());
		System.out.println("密码:" + user.getPassword());
		return "success";
	}
/**
 * 继承自接口ModelDriven得方法
 * @return User
 */
	@Override
	public User getModel() {
		return user;
	}
 
}

<!-- 设置action的扩展名 -->
<constant name="struts.action.extension" value="action" />

//Map<String, Object> application = ActionContext.getContext().getApplication();
Map<String, Object> application1 = (Map<String, Object>) ActionContext.getContext().get("application");
//Map<String, Object> session=ActionContext.getContext().getSession();
Map<String, Object> session1 = (Map<String, Object>) ActionContext.getContext().get("session");
Map<String, Object> request1= (Map<String, Object>) ActionContext.getContext().get("request");		

package com.struts2.action;
 
import java.util.Map;
 
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import javax.xml.ws.Response;
 
import org.apache.struts2.ServletActionContext;
import org.apache.struts2.interceptor.ApplicationAware;
import org.apache.struts2.interceptor.ServletRequestAware;
import org.apache.struts2.interceptor.ServletResponseAware;
import org.apache.struts2.interceptor.SessionAware;
 
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionContext;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ModelDriven;
import com.struts2.bean.User;
 
public class LoginAction extends ActionSupport implements ModelDriven<User>,
		ServletRequestAware, ServletResponseAware, SessionAware,
		ApplicationAware {
	private User user = new User();
	private HttpServletRequest request;
	private Map<String, Object> application;
	private HttpServletResponse response;
	private Map<String, Object> session;
	/*
	 * 登陆方法
	 */
	public String login() {
		
		application.put("application", "application data");
		request.setAttribute("request", "request data");
		session.put("session", "session");
		return "success";
	}
 
	/**
	 * 继承自接口ModelDriven得方法
	 * 
	 * @return User
	 */
	@Override
	public User getModel() {
		return user;
	}
 
	/**
	 * 继承自接口ApplicationAware得方法
	 */
	@Override
	public void setApplication(Map<String, Object> arg0) {
		application =arg0;
	}
 
	/**
	 * 继承自接口SessionAware得方法
	 */
	@Override
	public void setSession(Map<String, Object> arg0) {
		session =arg0;
	}
 
	/**
	 * 继承自接口ServletResponseAware得方法
	 */
	@Override
	public void setServletResponse(HttpServletResponse arg0) {
		response =arg0;
	}
 
	/**
	 * 继承自接口ServletRequestAware得方法
	 */
	@Override
	public void setServletRequest(HttpServletRequest arg0) {
		request =arg0;
	}
 
}

	// 获得HttpServletRequest对象
		HttpServletRequest request = ServletActionContext.getRequest();
		// 获得HttpServletResponse对象
		HttpServletResponse response = ServletActionContext.getResponse();
		// 获得HttpSession对象
		HttpSession session = ServletActionContext.getRequest().getSession();
		// 获得ServletContext对象
		ServletContext application = ServletActionContext.getServletContext();		

		<package name="default" extends="struts-default" namespace="/">
		<!-- 注意这里的 name参数，要和下面action的name值保持一致-->
		<default-action-ref name="error"></default-action-ref>
		<!-- 全局默认action可以执行相应的Action操作，也可以直接放回某个页面 -->
		<action name="error" >
			<result>/error.jsp</result>
		</action>
	</package>

package com.struts2.action;
 
import java.util.Map;
 
import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;
import javax.servlet.jsp.PageContext;
import javax.xml.ws.Response;
 
import org.apache.struts2.ServletActionContext;
import org.apache.struts2.interceptor.ApplicationAware;
import org.apache.struts2.interceptor.ServletRequestAware;
import org.apache.struts2.interceptor.ServletResponseAware;
import org.apache.struts2.interceptor.SessionAware;
 
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionContext;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ModelDriven;
import com.struts2.bean.User;
 
public class LoginAction extends ActionSupport implements ModelDriven<User> {
	private User user = new User();
	/*
	 * 登陆方法
	 */
	public String login() {
		// 获得HttpServletRequest对象
		HttpServletRequest request = ServletActionContext.getRequest();
		// 获得HttpServletResponse对象
		HttpServletResponse response = ServletActionContext.getResponse();
		// 获得HttpSession对象
		HttpSession session = ServletActionContext.getRequest().getSession();
		// 获得ServletContext对象
		ServletContext application = ServletActionContext.getServletContext();
		
		application.setAttribute("application", "application data");
		request.setAttribute("request", "request data");
		session.setAttribute("session", "session");
		// 放到request作用域中
		ActionContext.getContext().put("value", "附加参数");
		// 获取用户名请求参数
		System.out.println("用户名：" + user.getUsername());
		System.out.println("密码:" + user.getPassword());
		return "success";
	}
 
	/**
	 * 继承自接口ModelDriven得方法
	 * 
	 * @return User
	 */
	@Override
	public User getModel() {
		return user;
	}
 
 
}

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC "-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.3//EN" "http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.3.dtd">
<struts>
	<!-- 设置action的扩展名 -->
	<constant name="struts.action.extension" value="action" />
 
	<package name="default" extends="struts-default" namespace="/">
		<!-- 注册拦截器 -->
		<interceptors>
			<interceptor name="myInterceptor" class="com.struts2.Interceptor.MyInterceptor">
			</interceptor>
 
		<!-- 定义拦截器栈，加入默认拦截器 -->
		<interceptor-stack name="myStack">
				<interceptor-ref name="defaultStack"></interceptor-ref>
				<interceptor-ref name="myInterceptor"></interceptor-ref>
			</interceptor-stack>
		</interceptors>
 
 
		<action name="login" method="login" class="com.struts2.action.LoginAction">
			<!-- 应用拦截器栈-->
			<interceptor-ref name="myStack"></interceptor-ref>
			<result name="success">/welcome.jsp</result>
		</action>
	</package>
 
</struts>