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A Mathematical Olympiad Primer Ch1

时间:2016-08-08 22:31:25      阅读:315      评论:0      收藏:0      [点我收藏+]

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Introduction

Proof: heart of BMO

   A completely convincing logical argument which underpins, and is the guarantee of . the truth of a mathematical statement.

Prove: root 2 is not rational

    method 1

    assume that m and n are positive integers -> at least one of m and n is odd

    (m/n)^2 = 2

    m^2 = 2n^2

    2n^2 is even -> m^2 is even -> m is even -> n is odd

    m= 2k

    4k^2 = 2n^2

    2k^2 = n^2

    n^2 is even -> n is even 

    Initial assumption incorrect

    method 2 

    from 1: m^2 = 2n^2

        n^2 = 2k^2

        let x1 = m, x2 = n

        (x1/x2)^2 = 2

        (x2/x3)^2 = 2 (x3=k<x2)

        (xi/x(i+1))^2 = 2

        x1>x2>x3...

        infinite chain while finitely many integers smaller than a specific integer.

    method 3

    m = (2^x)m‘ m‘ is odd

    n = (2^y)n‘ n‘ is odd

    2^2x m‘^2 = 2 2^2y n‘ = 2^(2y+1) n‘^2

    2^(2y+1)/2^x is even -> m‘ is even or n‘ is even

 

A Mathematical Olympiad Primer Ch1

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原文地址:http://www.cnblogs.com/Yankai/p/5751015.html

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