标签:padding logs ring 转化 form pad 否则 nts foo
前面我们已经讲解了关于类的很多东西,今天讲讲类的另外的特性:静态方法(staticmethod)、类方法(classmethod)、属性方法(property)
说明:在方法名前加上@staticmethod装饰器,表示此方法为静态方法
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class Dog(object): def __init__(self,name): self.name = name @staticmethod #在方法前加上staticmethod 装饰器定义静态方法 def eat(): print("dog is eating") |
特性:只是名义上归类管理,实际上在静态方法里访问不了类或实例中的任何属性
①静态方法,是不可以传入self参数的,但是想传也可以,调用时必须传入实例本身
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class Dog(object): def __init__(self,name): self.name = name @staticmethod #定义静态方法 def eat(self,food): #可以定义,但是需传入实例本身 print("{0} is eating {1}".format(self.name,food))d = Dog("shabi")d.eat(d,"hotdog") #传入实例d本身,否则会报错#输出shabi is eating hotdog |
②静态方法可以用类直接调用,直接调用时,不可以直接传入self,否则会报错
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class Dog(object): def __init__(self,name): self.name = name @staticmethod def eat(food): print("is eating {0}".format(food))Dog.eat("hotdog")#输出is eating hotdog |
一般情况下我们需要使用工具包的一些个类的封装,可以用静态方法,比如os模块
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import osos.system()os.mkdir() |
上面两个方法没有什么必然的联系在里面,所以可以这么用
说明:在方法名前加上@classmethod装饰器,表示此方法为类方法
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class Dog(object): name = "honggege" #定义静态属性 def __init__(self,name): self.name = name @classmethod #定义类方法 def eat(self,food): print("{0} is eating {1}".format(self.name,food)) |
特性:只能访问类变量(又叫静态属性),不能访问实例变量
①访问实例变量
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class Dog(object): def __init__(self,name): self.name = name @classmethod #定义类方法 def eat(self,food): print("{0} is eating {1}".format(self.name,food))d = Dog("shabihong")d.eat("hotdog")#输出 File "D:/PycharmProjects/pyhomework/day7/类方法.py", line 11, in <module> d.eat("hotdog") File "D:/PycharmProjects/pyhomework/day7/类方法.py", line 8, in eat print("{0} is eating {1}".format(self.name,food))AttributeError: type object ‘Dog‘ has no attribute ‘name‘ |
②访问类变量(又叫静态属性)
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class Dog(object): name = "honggege" #定义类变量 def __init__(self,name): self.name = name @classmethod def eat(self,food): print("{0} is eating {1}".format(self.name,food))d = Dog("shabihong")d.eat("hotdog")#输出honggege is eating hotdog #调用的是类变量 |
一个国家,有的国家不允许更改国籍,比如朝鲜,只能去访问写死的变量
说明: 在方法名前加上@property装饰器,表示此方法为属性方法
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class Dog(object): def __init__(self,name): self.name = name @property #定义属性方法 def eat(self): print("{0} is eating".format(self.name)) |
特性:把一个方法变成一个静态属性
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class Dog(object): def __init__(self,name): self.name = name @property #定义属性方法 def eat(self): print("{0} is eating".format(self.name))d = Dog("shabihong")d.eat #把方法变成静态属性调用#输出shabihong is eating |
我去,按照上面的用法,那我想传入参数咋办呢?
①给转成的静态属性赋值
说明:用@静态方法名.setter去装饰方法,来给转换后的静态属性赋值
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class Dog(object): def __init__(self,name): self.name = name @property #定义属性方法 def eat(self): print("{0} is eating {1}".format(self.name,"honggege")) @eat.setter #定义一个可以传参的方法 def eat(self,food): print("set to food:",food) # self.__food = foodd = Dog("shabihong")d.eat = "hotdog" #给转成的静态变量赋值d.eat#输出set to food: hotdogshabihong is eating honggege |
那有些用同学说了,你上面还是没有把food传上去啊,好的,我们现在就来更深入的,请看如下代码:
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class Dog(object): def __init__(self,name): self.name = name self.__food = None @property #定义属性方法 def eat(self): print("{0} is eating {1}".format(self.name,self.__food)) @eat.setter #定义可以设置变量赋值 def eat(self,food): print("set to food:",food) self.__food = foodd = Dog("shabihong")d.eat #第一份赋值的是Noned.eat = "hotdog"d.eat #第二个赋值是hotdog#输出shabihong is eating Noneset to food: hotdogshabihong is eating hotdog #说明赋值成功 |
②删除转变的静态属性
说明:用@静态方法名.deleter去装饰,表明可以删除转化后的静态属性
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class Dog(object): def __init__(self,name): self.name = name self.__food = None @property def eat(self): print("{0} is eating {1}".format(self.name,self.__food)) @eat.setter def eat(self,food): print("set to food:",food) self.__food = food @eat.deleter #定义可以删除eat这个静态属性 def eat(self): del self.__food print("food 变量删除完毕")d = Dog("shabihong")del d.eat #删除静态属性eat#输出food 变量删除完毕 |
你想知道一个航班当前的状态,是到达了、延迟了、取消了、还是已经飞走了, 想知道这种状态你必须经历以下几步:
1. 连接航空公司API查询
2. 对查询结果进行解析
3. 返回结果给你的用户
因此这个status属性的值是一系列动作后才得到的结果,所以你每次调用时,其实它都要经过一系列的动作才返回你结果,但这些动作过程不需要用户关心, 用户只需要调用这个属性就可以,明白 了么?
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class Flight(object): def __init__(self,name): self.flight_name = name def checking_status(self): print("checking flight %s status " % self.flight_name) return 1 @property def flight_status(self): status = self.checking_status() if status == 0 : print("flight got canceled...") elif status == 1 : print("flight is arrived...") elif status == 2: print("flight has departured already...") else: print("cannot confirm the flight status...,please check later") @flight_status.setter #修改 def flight_status(self,status): status_dic = { 0 : "canceled", 1 :"arrived", 2 : "departured" } print("\033[31;1mHas changed the flight status to \033[0m",status_dic.get(status) ) @flight_status.deleter #删除 def flight_status(self): print("status got removed...")f = Flight("CA980")f.flight_statusf.flight_status = 2 #触发@flight_status.setterdel f.flight_status #触发@flight_status.deleter |
标签:padding logs ring 转化 form pad 否则 nts foo
原文地址:http://www.cnblogs.com/luoahong/p/7208368.html