码迷,mamicode.com
首页 > 其他好文 > 详细

爬去证件会的首次公开发行反馈意见并做词频分析

时间:2017-10-09 16:49:05      阅读:181      评论:0      收藏:0      [点我收藏+]

标签:val   set   docx   有限公司   上海   sort   bsp   文件   text   

利用国庆8天假期,从头开始学爬虫,现在分享一下自己项目过程。

技术思路:

1,使用scrapy爬去证监会反馈意见

  • 分析网址特点,并利用scrapy shell测试选择器
  • 加载代理服务器:IP池
  • 模拟浏览器:user-agent
  • 编写pipeitem,将数据写入数据库中

2,安装并配置mysql

  • 安装pymysql
  • 参考mysql手册,建立数据库以及表格

3,利用进行数据分析

  • 使用对反馈意见进行整理
  • 利用jieba库进行分析,制作财务报表专用字典,获取词汇以及其频率
  •  使用pandas分析数据并作图
  • 使用tableau作图

分析思路:

  • 分析公司名字是否含有地域信息
  • 分析反馈意见的主要焦点:财务与法律

核心代码:

  • 爬虫核心代码
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import scrapy
from scrapy.selector import Selector
from fkyj.items import  FkyjItem
import  urllib.request
from scrapy.http import HtmlResponse
from scrapy.selector import HtmlXPathSelector



def gen_url_indexpage():
  #证监会的网站是通过javascript生成的,因此网址无法提取,必须是自己生成 pre
= "http://www.csrc.gov.cn/pub/newsite/fxjgb/scgkfxfkyj/index" url_list = [] for i in range(25): if i ==0: url = pre+".html" url_list.append(url) else: url = pre+"_"+str(i)+".html" url_list.append(url) return url_list class Spider1Spider(scrapy.Spider): name = spider1 allowed_domains = [http://www.csrc.gov.cn] start_urls = gen_url_indexpage() def parse(self, response): item = FkyjItem() page_lst = response.xpath(//ul[@id="myul"]/li/a/@href).extract() name_lst = response.xpath(//ul[@id="myul"]/li/a/@title).extract() date_lst= response.xpath(//ul[@id="myul"]/li/span/text()).extract() for i in range(len(name_lst)): item["name"] = name_lst[i] item["date"] = date_lst[i] url_page = "http://www.csrc.gov.cn/pub/newsite/fxjgb/scgkfxfkyj" +page_lst[i] pre_final = "http://www.csrc.gov.cn/pub/newsite/fxjgb/scgkfxfkyj/" + page_lst[i].split("/")[1] res = Selector(text= urllib.request.urlopen(url_page).read().decode("utf-8")) #给res装上HtmlXPathSelector url_extract = res.xpath("//script").re(r<a href="(\./P\d+?\.docx?)">|<a href="(\./P\d+?\.pdf)">)[0][1:] url_final = pre_final+ url_extract print ("-"*10,url_final,"-"*10) item["content"] = "" try: file =urllib.request.urlopen(url_final).read() filepath = r"C:\\Users\\tc\\fkyj\\fkyj\\files\\" filetype = url_extract.split(".")[1] with open(filepath+item["name"]+"."+filetype,wb) as f: f.write(file) except urllib.request.HTTPError: item["content"] = "wrong:HTTPERROR" yield item
这里不足之处在于没有体现针对不同网站书写不同代码,建议建立不同callback函数
建议思路:
parse():正对初始网址
parse_page:针对导航页
parse_item:提取公司名称与日期
parse_doc:提取doc文档


---------------------------------------------------------------------pipeitem代码-------------------------------------------------------------


import pymysql

class FkyjPipeline(object):
def __init__(self):
#连接数据库
self.con = pymysql.connect(host=‘localhost‘, port=3306, user=‘root‘, passwd="密码",db="数据库名字")
def process_item(self, item, spider):
name = item["name"]
date = item["date"]
content = item["content"]
self.con.query("Insert Into zjh_fkyj.fkyj(name,date_fk,content) Values(‘" + name + "‘,‘" + date + "‘,‘"+content+"‘)")
#必须要提交,否则没用
self.con.commit()
return item

def close_spider(self):
#在运行时关闭数据库
self.con.close()

2,分析用代码--主要部分

 

 

In [9]:
import pandas as pd
In [10]:
data =pd.read_csv(r"C:\\Users\\tc\\fkyj\\fkyj.csv")
In [11]:
data.columns
Out[11]:
Index([‘Unnamed: 0‘, ‘id‘, ‘name‘, ‘date‘, ‘content‘], dtype=‘object‘)
In [11]:
data.drop(["Unnamed: 0",‘id‘],axis=1,inplace = True)
In [12]:
def get_year_month(datetime):
    return "-".join(datetime.split("-")[:2])
In [13]:
group_month_data = data.groupby(data["date"].apply(get_year_month)).count()
In [25]:
get_year_month("2017-2-1")
Out[25]:
‘2017-2‘
In [6]:
%matplotlib
 
Using matplotlib backend: Qt5Agg
In [49]:
group_month_data["name"].plot(kind="bar")
Out[49]:
<matplotlib.axes._subplots.AxesSubplot at 0x14babc679b0>
In [36]:
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
In [38]:
from matplotlib import font_manager
zh_font = font_manager.FontProperties(fname=r‘c:\windows\fonts\simsun.ttc‘, size=14)
In [66]:
fig, ax = plt.subplots()
width  =0.35
ax.set_xticks(ticks=range(len(group_month_data)))
plt.xticks(rotation=20)
res = ax.bar(left = range(len(group_month_data)),height=group_month_data["name"])
ax.set_title("证监会反馈意见",fontproperties=zh_font)
ax.set_ylabel("数量",fontproperties=zh_font)
ax.set_xticklabels( i for i in  (group_month_data.index.values))
plt.show()
In [47]:
ax.set_xticklabels(group_month_data.index.values)
plt.show()
In [50]:
group_month_data.index.values
Out[50]:
array([‘2016-10‘, ‘2016-11‘, ‘2016-12‘, ‘2017-01‘, ‘2017-02‘, ‘2017-03‘,
       ‘2017-04‘, ‘2017-05‘, ‘2017-06‘, ‘2017-07‘, ‘2017-08‘, ‘2017-09‘], dtype=object)
In [51]:
len(group_month_data)
Out[51]:
12
In [8]:
china_map = [("北京","|东城|西城|崇文|宣武|朝阳|丰台|石景山|海淀|门头沟|房山|通州|顺义|昌平|大兴|平谷|怀柔|密云|延庆"),
("上海","|黄浦|卢湾|徐汇|长宁|静安|普陀|闸北|虹口|杨浦|闵行|宝山|嘉定|浦东|金山|松江|青浦|南汇|奉贤|崇明"),
("天津","|和平|东丽|河东|西青|河西|津南|南开|北辰|河北|武清|红挢|塘沽|汉沽|大港|宁河|静海|宝坻|蓟县"),
("重庆","|万州|涪陵|渝中|大渡口|江北|沙坪坝|九龙坡|南岸|北碚|万盛|双挢|渝北|巴南|黔江|长寿|綦江|潼南|铜梁|大足|荣昌|壁山|梁平|城口|丰都|垫江|武隆|忠县|开县|云阳|奉节|巫山|巫溪|石柱|秀山|酉阳|彭水|江津|合川|永川|南川"),
("河北","|石家庄|邯郸|邢台|保定|张家口|承德|廊坊|唐山|秦皇岛|沧州|衡水"),
("山西","|太原|大同|阳泉|长治|晋城|朔州|吕梁|忻州|晋中|临汾|运城"),
("内蒙古","|呼和浩特|包头|乌海|赤峰|呼伦贝尔盟|阿拉善盟|哲里木盟|兴安盟|乌兰察布盟|锡林郭勒盟|巴彦淖尔盟|伊克昭盟"),
("辽宁","|沈阳|大连|鞍山|抚顺|本溪|丹东|锦州|营口|阜新|辽阳|盘锦|铁岭|朝阳|葫芦岛"),
("吉林","|长春|吉林|四平|辽源|通化|白山|松原|白城|延边"),
("黑龙江","|哈尔滨|齐齐哈尔|牡丹江|佳木斯|大庆|绥化|鹤岗|鸡西|黑河|双鸭山|伊春|七台河|大兴安岭"),
("江苏","|南京|镇江|苏州|南通|扬州|盐城|徐州|连云港|常州|无锡|宿迁|泰州|淮安"),
("浙江","|杭州|宁波|温州|嘉兴|湖州|绍兴|金华|衢州|舟山|台州|丽水"),
("安徽","|合肥|芜湖|蚌埠|马鞍山|淮北|铜陵|安庆|黄山|滁州|宿州|池州|淮南|巢湖|阜阳|六安|宣城|亳州"),
("福建","|福州|厦门|莆田|三明|泉州|漳州|南平|龙岩|宁德"),
("江西","|南昌市|景德镇|九江|鹰潭|萍乡|新馀|赣州|吉安|宜春|抚州|上饶"),
("山东","|济南|青岛|淄博|枣庄|东营|烟台|潍坊|济宁|泰安|威海|日照|莱芜|临沂|德州|聊城|滨州|菏泽"),
("河南","|郑州|开封|洛阳|平顶山|安阳|鹤壁|新乡|焦作|濮阳|许昌|漯河|三门峡|南阳|商丘|信阳|周口|驻马店|济源"),
("湖北","|武汉|宜昌|荆州|襄樊|黄石|荆门|黄冈|十堰|恩施|潜江|天门|仙桃|随州|咸宁|孝感|鄂州"),
("湖南","|长沙|常德|株洲|湘潭|衡阳|岳阳|邵阳|益阳|娄底|怀化|郴州|永州|湘西|张家界"),
("广东","|广州|深圳|珠海|汕头|东莞|中山|佛山|韶关|江门|湛江|茂名|肇庆|惠州|梅州|汕尾|河源|阳江|清远|潮州|揭阳|云浮"),
("广西","|南宁|柳州|桂林|梧州|北海|防城港|钦州|贵港|玉林|南宁地区|柳州地区|贺州|百色|河池"),
("海南","|海口|三亚"),
("四川","|成都|绵阳|德阳|自贡|攀枝花|广元|内江|乐山|南充|宜宾|广安|达川|雅安|眉山|甘孜|凉山|泸州"),
("贵州","|贵阳|六盘水|遵义|安顺|铜仁|黔西南|毕节|黔东南|黔南"),
("云南","|昆明|大理|曲靖|玉溪|昭通|楚雄|红河|文山|思茅|西双版纳|保山|德宏|丽江|怒江|迪庆|临沧"),
("西藏","|拉萨|日喀则|山南|林芝|昌都|阿里|那曲"),
("陕西","|西安|宝鸡|咸阳|铜川|渭南|延安|榆林|汉中|安康|商洛"),
("甘肃","|兰州|嘉峪关|金昌|白银|天水|酒泉|张掖|武威|定西|陇南|平凉|庆阳|临夏|甘南"),
("宁夏","|银川|石嘴山|吴忠|固原"),
("青海","|西宁|海东|海南|海北|黄南|玉树|果洛|海西"),
("新疆","|乌鲁木齐|石河子|克拉玛依|伊犁|巴音郭勒|昌吉|克孜勒苏柯尔克孜|博尔塔拉|吐鲁番|哈密|喀什|和田|阿克苏"),
("香港",""),
("澳门",""),
("台湾","|台北|高雄|台中|台南|屏东|南投|云林|新竹|彰化|苗栗|嘉义|花莲|桃园|宜兰|基隆|台东|金门|马祖|澎湖")]

city_map = {}
for i in china_map:
    if i != "澳门" or i != "香港":
        city_map[i[0]] = i[1].split("|")[1:]
    elif i == "澳门" or i == "香港":
        city_map[i[0]] = ""
In [27]:
def get_province(name,con_loc = False):
    keys = city_map.keys()
    for j in keys:
        if j in name:
            province = j
            location  = "province"
            break
        else:
            for k in city_map[j]:
                if k in name:
                    province = j
                    location = "city"
                    break
                else:
                    province = "unknow"
                    location = "unknow"
    if con_loc:
        return (province,location)
    else:
        return province
#count the name that contain the location
    
In [31]:
data["province"] = data["name"].apply(get_province)
In [13]:
data["name"][:5]
Out[13]:
0         名臣健康用品股份有限公司首次公开发行股票申请文件反馈意见
1         浙江捷众科技股份有限公司首次公开发行股票申请文件反馈意见
2    江苏天智互联科技股份有限公司创业板首次公开发行股票申请文件反馈意见
3     云南神农农业产业集团股份有限公司首次公开发行股票申请文件反馈意见
4        浙江台华新材料股份有限公司首次公开发行股票申请文件反馈意见
Name: name, dtype: object
In [32]:
data["province"][:20]
Out[32]:
0     unknow
1         浙江
2         江苏
3         云南
4         浙江
5         浙江
6     unknow
7     unknow
8         北京
9     unknow
10        江苏
11    unknow
12        北京
13    unknow
14    unknow
15        四川
16        江苏
17    unknow
18    unknow
19    unknow
Name: province, dtype: object
In [44]:
name_data = data.groupby(data["province"]).count()["name"]
fig, ax = plt.subplots()
width  =0.35
ax.set_xticks(ticks=range(len(name_data)))
plt.xticks(rotation=60)
res = ax.bar(left = range(len(name_data)),height= name_data)
ax.set_title("反馈意见--公司名称是否含有地域信息",fontproperties=zh_font)
ax.set_ylabel("数量",fontproperties=zh_font)
ax.set_xticklabels( [i for i in name_data.index.values],fontproperties=zh_font)
plt.show()
In [15]:
import jieba
In [16]:
jieba.load_userdict(r"C:\\ProgramData\\Anaconda3\\Lib\\site-packages\\jieba\\userdict.txt")
 
Building prefix dict from the default dictionary ...
Loading model from cache C:\Users\tc\AppData\Local\Temp\jieba.cache
Loading model cost 1.158 seconds.
Prefix dict has been built succesfully.
In [17]:
import re
def remove_rn(data):
    return re.sub("[\\n\\r]+","",data)
remove_rn("\r\n\r")
Out[17]:
‘‘
In [18]:
data["content"] = data["content"].apply(remove_rn)
In [11]:
data["content"][:1]
Out[11]:
0    名臣健康用品股份有限公司首次公开发行股票申请文件反馈意见\r\r\n\r\r\n\r\r\n...
Name: content, dtype: object
In [17]:
remove_rn("\r\n\r45463")
Out[17]:
‘45463‘
In [14]:
data["content"] = data["content"].astype(str)
In [16]:
f1 = open(r"C:\Users\tc\Desktop\user_dict.txt",encoding ="utf-8")
f2 = open(r"C:\Users\tc\Desktop\userdict.txt","w")
for  i in f1.readlines():
    f2.write(i[:-1] + " 5 n\n")
f1.close()
f2.close()
In [23]:
list(jieba.cut("hellotc") )
Out[23]:
[‘hellotc‘]
In [24]:
list(jieba.cut("我是唐诚的弟弟"))
Out[24]:
[‘我‘, ‘是‘, ‘唐诚‘, ‘的‘, ‘弟弟‘]
In [19]:
type(pd.Series(list( jieba.cut(data["content"][1]))).value_counts())
Out[19]:
pandas.core.series.Series
In [ ]:
s = pd.Series([0 for i in len(data["content"])],index = )
for i in data["content"]:
    pd.Series(list( jieba.cut(data["content"][1]))).value_counts()
In [7]:
s1 = pd.Series(range(3),index = ["a","b","c"])
s2  = pd.Series(range(3),index = ["d","b","c"])
s1.add(s2,fill_value=0)
Out[7]:
a    0.0
b    2.0
c    4.0
d    0.0
dtype: float64
In [8]:
def add_series(s1,s2):
    r = {}
    s1 = s1.to_dict()
    s2 = s2.to_dict()
    common = set(s1.keys()).intersection(s2.keys())
    for i  in common:
        r[i] = s1[i]+s2[i]
    for j in set(s1.keys()).difference(s2.keys()):
        r[j] = s1[j]
    for k in set(s2.keys()).difference(s1.keys()):
        r[k] = s2[k]
    return pd.Series(r)
In [21]:
series_list = []
for   i  in data["content"]:
    series_list.append(pd.Series(list( jieba.cut(i))).value_counts())
In [23]:
start = pd.Series([0,0],index = [‘a‘,‘b‘])
for i in series_list:
    start = add_series(start,i)
In [25]:
start[:4]
Out[25]:
       2
     599
\t    195

      30
dtype: int64
In [26]:
start.sort_values()
start.to_csv(r"C:\\Users\\tc\\fkyj\\rank_word.csv")
3,分析结果--部分
技术分享
 
 
 

爬去证件会的首次公开发行反馈意见并做词频分析

标签:val   set   docx   有限公司   上海   sort   bsp   文件   text   

原文地址:http://www.cnblogs.com/run-tc/p/7641474.html

(0)
(0)
   
举报
评论 一句话评论(0
登录后才能评论!
© 2014 mamicode.com 版权所有  联系我们:gaon5@hotmail.com
迷上了代码!