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Nextcloud私有云盘在Centos7下的部署笔记

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搭建个人云存储一般会想到ownCloud,堪称是自建云存储服务的经典。而Nextcloud是ownCloud原开发团队打造的号称是“下一代”存储。初一看觉得“口气”不小,刚推出来就重新“定义”了Cloud,真正试用过后就由衷地赞同这个Nextcloud:它是个人云存储服务的绝佳选择。可以说Nextcloud 是一款自由 (开源) 的类 Dropbox 软件,由 ownCloud 分支演化形成。它使用 PHP 和 JavaScript 编写,支持多种数据库系统,比如 MySQL/MariaDB、PostgreSQL、Oracle 数据库和 SQLite。它可以使你的桌面系统和云服务器中的文件保持同步,Nextcloud 为 Windows、Linux、Mac、安卓以及苹果手机都提供了客户端支持。同时,Nextcloud 也并非只是 Dropbox 的克隆,它还提供了很多附加特性,如日历、联系人、计划任务以及流媒体 Ampache。

与ownCloud相比,Nextcloud的功能丝毫没有减弱,甚至由于可以安装云存储服务应用,自制性更强,也更符合用户的需求。Nextcloud官网的帮助文档写得相当地详细,几乎任何关于Nextcloud的问题都可以找到答案,这说明Nextcloud开发团队确实比ownCloud更加优秀。

一开始以为Nextcloud只是一个网盘云存储,后来看到Nextcloud内置了Office文档、图片相册、日历联系人、两步验证、文件管理、RSS阅读等丰富的应用,我发现Nextcloud已经仅仅可以用作个人或者团队存储与共享,还可以打造成为一个个人办公平台,几乎相当于一个个人的Dropbox了。

以下内容将介绍如何在 CentOS 7 服务器中安装和配置最新版本的 Nextcloud 12,并且会通过 Nginx 和 PHP7-FPM 来运行 Nextcloud,同时使用 MariaDB 做为数据库系统。废话不多说了,直接看部署笔记:

部署机器的系统是Centos7.4版本
[root@nextcloud-server ~]# cat /etc/redhat-release
CentOS Linux release 7.4.1708 (Core)
    
一、安装并配置Nginx和php-fpm
================================================================
将自带的epel、nginx、php全部卸载(rpm -e ... --nodeps)
[root@nextcloud-server ~]# rpm -qa|grep php
[root@nextcloud-server ~]# rpm -qa|grep php-common
[root@nextcloud-server ~]# rpm -qa|grep nginx
===============================================================
CentOS默认的yum源中并不包含Nginx和php-fpm,首先要为CentOS添加epel源:
[root@nextcloud-server ~]# yum -y install epel-release
[root@nextcloud-server ~]# yum -y install nginx
    
需要再添加一个yum源来安装php-fpm,可以使用webtatic(这个yum源对国内网络来说恐怕有些慢,当然你也可以选择其它的yum源)
[root@nextcloud-server ~]# rpm -Uvh https://mirror.webtatic.com/yum/el7/webtatic-release.rpm
  
安装php7-fpm和一些其它的必要的组件
[root@nextcloud-server ~]# yum -y install php70w-fpm php70w-cli php70w-gd php70w-mcrypt php70w-mysql php70w-pear php70w-xml php70w-mbstring php70w-pdo php70w-json php70w-pecl-apcu php70w-pecl-apcu-devel
  
完成后,检查一下php-fpm是否已正常安装
[root@nextcloud-server ~]# php -v
PHP 7.0.25 (cli) (built: Oct 29 2017 13:43:03) ( NTS )
Copyright (c) 1997-2017 The PHP Group
Zend Engine v3.0.0, Copyright (c) 1998-2017 Zend Technologies
    
配置php-fpm
[root@nextcloud-server ~]# vim /etc/php-fpm.d/www.conf
.....
user = nginx                                   //将用户和组都改为nginx
group = nginx
.....
listen = 127.0.0.1:9000                        //php-fpm所监听的端口为9000
......
env[HOSTNAME] = $HOSTNAME                     //去掉下面几行注释
env[PATH] = /usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/bin
env[TMP] = /tmp
env[TMPDIR] = /tmp
env[TEMP] = /tmp
    
在/var/lib目录下为session路径创建一个新的文件夹,并将用户名和组设为nginx
[root@nextcloud-server ~]# mkdir -p /var/lib/php/session
[root@nextcloud-server ~]# chown nginx:nginx -R /var/lib/php/session/
[root@nextcloud-server ~]# ll -d /var/lib/php/session/
drwxr-xr-x. 2 nginx nginx 4096 1月  25 09:47 /var/lib/php/session/
    
启动Nginx和php-fpm服务,并添加开机启动
[root@nextcloud-server ~]# systemctl start php-fpm
[root@nextcloud-server ~]# systemctl start nginx
[root@nextcloud-server ~]# systemctl enable php-fpm
[root@nextcloud-server ~]# systemctl enable nginx
    
二、安装并配置MariaDB
使用MaraiDB作为Nextcloud数据库。yum安装MaraiDB服务
[root@nextcloud-server ~]# yum -y install mariadb mariadb-server
    
启动MariaDB服务并添加开机启动
[root@nextcloud-server ~]# systemctl start mariadb
[root@nextcloud-server ~]# systemctl enable mariadb
    
接下来设置MariaDB的root密码
[root@nextcloud-server ~]# mysql_secure_installation        //按照提示设置密码,首先会询问当前密码,密码默认为空,直接回车即可
Enter current password for root (enter for none):          //直接回车
Set root password? [Y/n] Y
New password:                                              //输入新密码
Re-enter new password:                                     //再次输入新密码
     
Remove anonymous users? [Y/n] Y
Disallow root login remotely? [Y/n] Y
Remove test database and access to it? [Y/n] Y
Reload privilege tables now? [Y/n] Y
==============================================================================================
或者采用另一种修改密码的方式:跳过授权表
1)在/etc/my.cnf文件里添加"skip-grant-tables"
2)重启mariadb服务
3)无密码登陆mariadb,然后重置mysql密码
MariaDB [(none)]> update mysql.user set password=password("kevin@123") where user="root";
4)去掉/etc/my.cnf文件里的"skip-grant-tables"内容
5)重启mariadb服务
6)这样就可以使用上面重置的新密码kevin@123登陆mariadb了
==============================================================================================
    
设置完MariaDB的密码后,使用命令行登录MariaDB,并为Nextcloud创建相应的用户和数据库。
例如数据库为nextcloud_db,用户为nextclouduser,密码为nextcloudpasswd:
[root@nextcloud-server ~]# mysql -p
......
MariaDB [(none)]> create database nextcloud_db;          
MariaDB [(none)]> create user nextclouduser@localhost identified by nextcloudpasswd;
MariaDB [(none)]> grant all privileges on nextcloud_db.* to nextclouduser@localhost identified by nextcloudpasswd;
MariaDB [(none)]> flush privileges;
    
三、为Nextcloud生成自签名SSL证书
为SSL证书创建一个新的文件夹:
[root@nextcloud-server ~]# cd /etc/nginx/cert/
[root@nextcloud-server cert]# openssl req -new -x509 -days 365 -nodes -out /etc/nginx/cert/nextcloud.crt -keyout /etc/nginx/cert/nextcloud.key
.....
Country Name (2 letter code) [XX]:cn                                           //国家
State or Province Name (full name) []:beijing                                  //省份
Locality Name (eg, city) [Default City]:beijing                                //地区名字
Organization Name (eg, company) [Default Company Ltd]:kevin                    //公司名
Organizational Unit Name (eg, section) []:Technology                           //部门
Common Name (eg, your name or your servers hostname) []:kevin                 //CA主机名
Email Address []:kevin@wangshibo.cn                                                 
    
然后将证书文件的权限设置为660
[root@nextcloud-server cert]# chmod 700 /etc/nginx/cert
[root@nextcloud-server cert]# chmod 600 /etc/nginx/cert/*
    
四、下载并安装Nextcloud
[root@nextcloud-server ~]# yum -y install wget unzip
[root@nextcloud-server ~]# cd /usr/local/src/
[root@nextcloud-server src]# wget https://download.nextcloud.com/server/releases/nextcloud-12.0.4.zip
[root@nextcloud-server src]# unzip nextcloud-12.0.4.zip
[root@nextcloud-server src]# ls
nextcloud nextcloud-12.0.4.zip
[root@nextcloud-server src]# mv nextcloud /usr/share/nginx/html/
    
进入Nginx的root目录,并为Nextcloud创建data目录,将Nextcloud的用户和组修改为nginx
[root@nextcloud-server src]# cd /usr/share/nginx/html/
[root@nextcloud-server html]# mkdir -p nextcloud/data/
[root@nextcloud-server html]# chown nginx:nginx -R nextcloud/
[root@nextcloud-server html]# ll -d nextcloud
drwxr-xr-x. 15 nginx nginx 4096 1月  24 17:04 nextcloud
    
五、设置Nginx虚拟主机
进入Nginx的虚拟主机配置文件所在目录并创建一个新的虚拟主机配置(记得修改两个server_name为自己的域名):
[root@nextcloud-server ~]# cd /etc/nginx/conf.d/
[root@nextcloud-server conf.d]# vim nextcloud.conf
upstream php-handler {
    server 127.0.0.1:9000;
    #server unix:/var/run/php5-fpm.sock;
}
     
server {
    listen 80;
    server_name nextcloud.kevin-inc.com;
    # enforce https
    return 301 https://$server_name$request_uri;
}
     
server {
    listen 443 ssl;
    server_name nextcloud.kevin-inc.com;
     
    ssl_certificate /etc/nginx/cert/nextcloud.crt;
    ssl_certificate_key /etc/nginx/cert/nextcloud.key;
     
    # Add headers to serve security related headers
    # Before enabling Strict-Transport-Security headers please read into this
    # topic first.
    add_header Strict-Transport-Security "max-age=15768000;
    includeSubDomains; preload;";
    add_header X-Content-Type-Options nosniff;
    add_header X-Frame-Options "SAMEORIGIN";
    add_header X-XSS-Protection "1; mode=block";
    add_header X-Robots-Tag none;
    add_header X-Download-Options noopen;
    add_header X-Permitted-Cross-Domain-Policies none;
     
    # Path to the root of your installation
    root /usr/share/nginx/html/nextcloud/;
     
    location = /robots.txt {
        allow all;
        log_not_found off;
        access_log off;
    }
     
    # The following 2 rules are only needed for the user_webfinger app.
    # Uncomment it if you‘re planning to use this app.
    #rewrite ^/.well-known/host-meta /public.php?service=host-meta last;
    #rewrite ^/.well-known/host-meta.json /public.php?service=host-meta-json
    # last;
     
    location = /.well-known/carddav {
      return 301 $scheme://$host/remote.php/dav;
    }
    location = /.well-known/caldav {
      return 301 $scheme://$host/remote.php/dav;
    }
     
    # set max upload size
    client_max_body_size 512M;
    fastcgi_buffers 64 4K;
     
    # Disable gzip to avoid the removal of the ETag header
    gzip off;
     
    # Uncomment if your server is build with the ngx_pagespeed module
    # This module is currently not supported.
    #pagespeed off;
     
    error_page 403 /core/templates/403.php;
    error_page 404 /core/templates/404.php;
     
    location / {
        rewrite ^ /index.php$uri;
    }
     
    location ~ ^/(?:build|tests|config|lib|3rdparty|templates|data)/ {
        deny all;
    }
    location ~ ^/(?:\.|autotest|occ|issue|indie|db_|console) {
        deny all;
    }
     
    location ~ ^/(?:index|remote|public|cron|core/ajax/update|status|ocs/v[12]|updater/.+|ocs-provider/.+|core/templates/40[34])\.php(?:$|/) {
        include fastcgi_params;
        fastcgi_split_path_info ^(.+\.php)(/.*)$;
        fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
        fastcgi_param PATH_INFO $fastcgi_path_info;
        fastcgi_param HTTPS on;
        #Avoid sending the security headers twice
        fastcgi_param modHeadersAvailable true;
        fastcgi_param front_controller_active true;
        fastcgi_pass php-handler;
        fastcgi_intercept_errors on;
        fastcgi_request_buffering off;
    }
     
    location ~ ^/(?:updater|ocs-provider)(?:$|/) {
        try_files $uri/ =404;
        index index.php;
    }
     
    # Adding the cache control header for js and css files
    # Make sure it is BELOW the PHP block
    location ~* \.(?:css|js)$ {
        try_files $uri /index.php$uri$is_args$args;
        add_header Cache-Control "public, max-age=7200";
        # Add headers to serve security related headers (It is intended to
        # have those duplicated to the ones above)
        # Before enabling Strict-Transport-Security headers please read into
        # this topic first.
        add_header Strict-Transport-Security "max-age=15768000;includeSubDomains; preload;";
        add_header X-Content-Type-Options nosniff;
        add_header X-Frame-Options "SAMEORIGIN";
        add_header X-XSS-Protection "1; mode=block";
        add_header X-Robots-Tag none;
        add_header X-Download-Options noopen;
        add_header X-Permitted-Cross-Domain-Policies none;
        # Optional: Don‘t log access to assets
        access_log off;
    }
     
    location ~* \.(?:svg|gif|png|html|ttf|woff|ico|jpg|jpeg)$ {
        try_files $uri /index.php$uri$is_args$args;
        # Optional: Don‘t log access to other assets
        access_log off;
    }
}
    
接下来测试以下配置文件是否有错误,确保没有问题后重启Nginx服务。
[root@nextcloud-server conf.d]# nginx -t
nginx: the configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf test is successful
[root@nextcloud-server conf.d]# systemctl restart nginx
    
六、为Nextcloud设置Firewalld防火墙和SELinux
可以选择关闭Firewalld和SELinux
[root@nextcloud-server ~]# systemctl stop firewalld
[root@nextcloud-server ~]# systemctl disable firewalld
[root@nextcloud-server ~]# setenforce 0
[root@nextcloud-server ~]# getenforce
disable
[root@nextcloud-server ~]# cat /etc/sysconfig/selinux
......
SELINUX=disabled
    
如果打开了防火墙,则需要设置Firewalld和SELinux
首先需要安装SElinux管理工具policycoreutils-python
[root@nextcloud-server ~]# yum -y install policycoreutils-python
    
接着设置SELinux
[root@nextcloud-server ~]# semanage fcontext -a -t httpd_sys_rw_content_t ‘/usr/share/nginx/html/nextcloud/data(/.*)?‘
[root@nextcloud-server ~]# semanage fcontext -a -t httpd_sys_rw_content_t ‘/usr/share/nginx/html/nextcloud/config(/.*)?‘
[root@nextcloud-server ~]# semanage fcontext -a -t httpd_sys_rw_content_t ‘/usr/share/nginx/html/nextcloud/apps(/.*)?‘
[root@nextcloud-server ~]# semanage fcontext -a -t httpd_sys_rw_content_t ‘/usr/share/nginx/html/nextcloud/assets(/.*)?‘
[root@nextcloud-server ~]# semanage fcontext -a -t httpd_sys_rw_content_t ‘/usr/share/nginx/html/nextcloud/.htaccess‘
[root@nextcloud-server ~]# semanage fcontext -a -t httpd_sys_rw_content_t ‘/usr/share/nginx/html/nextcloud/.user.ini‘
[root@nextcloud-server ~]# restorecon -Rv ‘/usr/share/nginx/html/nextcloud/‘
    
接下来设置Firewlld防火墙,为Nextcloud开放http和https两个端口
[root@nextcloud-server ~]# systemctl start firewalld
[root@nextcloud-server ~]# systemctl enable firewalld
[root@nextcloud-server ~]# firewall-cmd --permanent --add-service=http
[root@nextcloud-server ~]# firewall-cmd --permanent --add-service=https
[root@nextcloud-server ~]# firewall-cmd --reload
    
七、安装Nextcloud
解析上面nginx中配置的域名nextcloud.kevin-inc.com,访问访问http://nextcloud.veredholdings-inc.com进行Nextcloud界面安装(访问http域名会自动跳转到https,安装提示安装即可!)

技术分享图片


技术分享图片

==================NextCloud安全与性能优化==================

这种提示一般在NextCloud的服务器管理中可以看到,建议缓存类的直接安装一个即可,安装多了也没有什么用。
为了Nextcloud服务的安全和性能, 请将所有设置配置正确.
 
PHP 模块 ‘fileinfo’ 缺失. 我们强烈建议启用此模块以便在 MIME 类型检测时获得最准确的结果.
HTTP 请求头 “Strict-Transport-Security” 没有配置为至少 “15552000” 秒. 出于增强安全性考虑, 推荐按照安全提示中的说明启用HSTS.
 
内存缓存未配置. 如果可用, 请配置 memcache 以增强性能. 更多信息请查看我们的文档.
PHP 的组件 OPcache 没有正确配置. 为了提供更好的性能, 我们建议在php.ini文件中使用下列设置:
 
opcache.enable=1
opcache.enable_cli=1
opcache.interned_strings_buffer=8
opcache.max_accelerated_files=10000
opcache.memory_consumption=128
opcache.save_comments=1
opcache.revalidate_freq=1

==================NextCloud添加Memcached缓存==================

修改程序目录下的config目录中的config.php文件,在配置文件中添加如下,这个是多个Memcached实例,单个自己改:
 
memcache.local => \OC\Memcache\APCu,
memcache.distributed => \OC\Memcache\Memcached,
memcached_servers => array(
     array(localhost, 11211),
     array(server1.example.com, 11211),
     array(server2.example.com, 11211),
     ),

==================NextCloud添加Redis缓存==================

在配置文件中添加如下,这个是通过TCP连接的:
memcache.local => \OC\Memcache\Redis,
redis => array(
     host => localhost,
     port => 6379,
      ),
 
 
还有性能更好的UNIX连接:
memcache.local => \OC\Memcache\Redis,
redis => array(
     host => /var/run/redis/redis.sock,
     port => 0,
     dbindex => 0,
     password => secret,
     timeout => 1.5,
      ),
 
 
同时,官方还推荐加入如下,来用于存储文件锁:
memcache.locking => \OC\Memcache\Redis,

========Nextcloud的邮件发信设置========
Nextcloud发送邮件信息的前提:每个用户(包括管理员)都要事先设置好自己的邮箱地址!
1)使用管理员账号登陆Nextcloud。点击右上角的设置图标里的"管理"-"其他设置"

技术分享图片

前提是管理员(admin)要事先设置好自己的邮箱地址。如下设置好邮箱地址后,按Enter键后就会显示一个"对勾"

技术分享图片

满足条件:

1)在admin登陆后的"管理"->"其他设置"的后台里配置好"电子邮件服务器"(配置后可以测试发送邮件是否成功,前提是admin也要事先配置好自己的邮箱地址)
2)各用户创建并登陆后,要记得配置各自的邮箱地址。比如wangshibo用户登录后,配置自己的邮箱地址
3)在分享文件的时候,只要使用对方账号名进行分享,对方邮箱里就会收到一封分享信息的邮件!

 

如下,在admin账号下分享Nextcloud Manual.pdf这个文件给wangshibo用户

技术分享图片

然后登陆wangshibo用户,就会发现Nextcloud Manual.pdf文件已经分享过来了

技术分享图片

登陆wangshibo账号配置的邮箱,就会发现有上面分享的邮件信技术分享图片

也可以在文件来源方取消分享

技术分享图片

Nextcloud私有云盘在Centos7下的部署笔记

标签:drop   rdd   账号   127.0.0.1   front   path   主机   php7   php 模块   

原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/fps2tao/p/8395077.html

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