一、xml模块
xml是实现不同语言或程序之间进行数据交换的协议，跟json差不多，但json使用起来更简单，
但至今很多传统公司如金融行业的很多系统的接口还主要是xml。
xml的格式如下，就是通过<>节点来区别数据结构的:
<?xml version="1.0"?> <data> <country name="Liechtenstein"> <rank updated="yes">2</rank> <year>2008</year> <gdppc>141100</gdppc> <neighbor name="Austria" direction="E"/> <neighbor name="Switzerland" direction="W"/> </country> <country name="Singapore"> <rank updated="yes">5</rank> <year>2011</year> <gdppc>59900</gdppc> <neighbor name="Malaysia" direction="N"/> </country> <country name="Panama"> <rank updated="yes">69</rank> <year>2011</year> <gdppc>13600</gdppc> <neighbor name="Costa Rica" direction="W"/> <neighbor name="Colombia" direction="E"/> </country> </data>
xml协议在各个语言里的都 是支持的，在python中可以用以下模块操作xml
# _*_coding:utf-8_*_ import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET # xml 通过<> 节点区别数据结构 tree = ET.parse("xml test") # open 文件 root = tree.getroot() #f.seek(0) #print(dir(root)) print(root.tag) # 打印标签 # #遍历xml文档 for child in root: print(‘----------‘,child.tag, child.attrib) for i in child: print(i.tag,i.text) #只遍历year 节点 for node in root.iter(‘year‘): print(node.tag,node.text)
修改和删除xml文档内容
# _*_coding:utf-8_*_ import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET tree = ET.parse("xml test") root = tree.getroot() #f.seek(0) #修改 for node in root.iter(‘year‘): new_year = int(node.text) - 1 node.text = str(new_year) # 必须是字符串 node.set("revise_test","yes") #删除node for country in root.findall(‘country‘): rank = int(country.find(‘rank‘).text) if rank > 50: root.remove(country) tree.write(‘output.xml‘)
自己创建xml文档
import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET new_xml = ET.Element("namelist") name = ET.SubElement(new_xml,"name",attrib={"enrolled":"yes"}) age = ET.SubElement(name,"age",attrib={"checked":"no"}) sex = ET.SubElement(name,"sex") sex.text = ‘33‘ name2 = ET.SubElement(new_xml,"name",attrib={"enrolled":"no"}) age = ET.SubElement(name2,"age") age.text = ‘19‘ et = ET.ElementTree(new_xml) #生成文档对象 et.write("test.xml", encoding="utf-8",xml_declaration=True) ET.dump(new_xml) #打印生成的格式
二、configparser模块
configparser模块用于生成和修改常见配置文档。
常见配置文件格式如下：
[DEFAULT] ServerAliveInterval = 45 Compression = yes CompressionLevel = 9 ForwardX11 = yes [bitbucket.org] User = hg [topsecret.server.com] Port = 50022 ForwardX11 = no
解析配置文件
#！/usr/bin/env python3 #-*- coding:utf-8 -*- import configparser conf = configparser.ConfigParser() #print(conf.sections()) conf.read(‘conf.ini‘) print(conf.sections()) print(conf.default_section) # DEFAULT print(conf[‘bitbucket.org‘][‘user‘]) # hg print(list(conf[‘bitbucket.org‘].keys())) # # [‘user‘, ‘maxusers‘, ‘compression‘, ‘compressionlevel‘, ‘serveraliveinterval‘, ‘forwardx11‘] for k,v in conf[‘bitbucket.org‘].items(): print(k,v) ‘‘‘ user hg maxusers 100 compression yes compressionlevel 9 serveraliveinterval 45 forwardx11 yes ‘‘‘ # default 中的参数是默认每个里面都有的 if ‘user‘ in conf[‘bitbucket.org‘]: print(‘it is right‘)
增删改查语法
#！/usr/bin/env python3 #-*- coding:utf-8 -*- import configparser conf = configparser.ConfigParser() conf.read(‘conf_test.ini‘) print(dir(conf)) # 查 print(conf.options(‘group1‘)) # [‘k1‘, ‘k2‘] print(conf[‘group1‘][‘k1‘]) # v1 print(conf.get(‘group1‘,‘k1‘)) # v1 # 增加 conf.add_section(‘group3‘) # 添加节点 conf[‘group3‘][‘name‘] = ‘cc‘ conf[‘group3‘][‘age‘] = ‘21 ‘ # 必须为字符串 conf.write(open(‘conf_test_new.ini‘,‘w‘)) # 改 conf.set(‘group2‘,‘k1‘,‘666666‘) conf.write(open(‘conf_test_new.ini‘,‘w‘)) # 删 conf.remove_option(‘group1‘,‘k2‘) conf.remove_section(‘group2‘) conf.write(open(‘conf_test_new.ini‘,‘w‘))
