Django自定义UserModel并实现认证和登录

from django.contrib.auth.models import AbstractUser

class UserProfile(AbstractUser):        // AbstractUser是Django自带的UserModel父类，在继承的基础上添加新的用户字段
    nick_name = models.CharField(max_length=50, verbose_name=u"昵称", default="")
    birday = models.DateField(verbose_name=u"生日", null=True, blank=True)
    gender = models.CharField(max_length=7, choices=(("male", u"男"),("female", u"女")), default="female")
    address = models.CharField(max_length=100, default="")
    mobile = models.CharField(max_length=11, null=True, blank=True)
    image = models.ImageField(upload_to="image/%Y/%m", default=u"image/default.png", max_length=100)

    class Meta:
        verbose_name = "用户信息"
        verbose_name_plural = verbose_name

    def __unicode__(self):
        return self.username

settings.py
AUTH_USER_MODEL = "users.UserProfile" // 要让自定义UserModel生效，需要在settings文件中声明

from django.shortcuts import render
from django.contrib.auth import authenticate, login
from django.contrib.auth.backends import ModelBackend
from django.db.models import Q                              
from django.views.generic.base import View

from .models import UserProfile

class CustomBackend(ModelBackend):                // 首先需要重写认证后台的authenticate方法，因为默认的authenticate方法验证的是自带的UserModel
    def authenticate(self, username=None, password=None, **kwargs):
        try:
            user = UserProfile.objects.get(Q(username=username)|Q(email=username))   // Q这个函数表达一种或的关系，即账号既可以是用户名也可以是邮箱
            if user.check_password(password):     // 之前继承的AbstractUser中自带了一个check_password方法，作用是将密码转换为密文进行验证
                return user                       // authenticate方法取得对象并验证密码成功后会返回user对象
        except Exception as e:                    // get()方法当获取不到值时会出现异常，check_password()不成功也会有异常
            return None                           // 出现异常则返回None

class LoginView(View):
    def get(self, request):
        return render(request, "login.html", {})

    def post(self, request):
        login_form = LoginForm(request.POST)
        if login_form.is_valid():
            user_name = request.POST.get("username", "")
            pass_word = request.POST.get("password", "")
            user = authenticate(username=user_name, password=pass_word)    // 这里会调用重写后的authenticate方法
            if user is not None:
                    login(request, user)      // 调用login()方法进行登录，实际上是对request进行一些操作，把user写入request
                    return render(request, "index.html")   
        else:
            return render(request, "login.html", {"msg": u"用户名或密码错误", "login_form":login_form})


settings.py                  // 对于自定义认证后台，同样需要在settings文件中进行声明

AUTHENTICATION_BACKENDS = (    
‘users.views.CustomBackend‘,
)