转载自：https://blog.csdn.net/leshami/article/details/5925526
从Oracle客户端连接到服务器，除了使用静态注册方式之外，9i后续的版本支持动态注册服务，同时可以将服务注册到非默认的端口。将服务注册到非默认端口可以提高数据库系统的安全性。
一、服务器端的配置
--1.配置非默认的listener.ora，即侦听器为list2，且端口号改为，可以使用netca，netmgr或vim等来完成，配置的内容如下：
[oracle@oradb admin]$ cat listener.ora
# listener.ora Network Configuration File: /u01/app/oracle/10g/network/admin/listener.ora
# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.
LIST2 =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = oradb.robinson.com)(PORT = 1421))
)
--2.配置tnsnames.ora，同样可以使用netca，netmgr或vim等来完成，配置的内容如下：
[oracle@oradb admin]$ cat tnsnames.ora
# tnsnames.ora Network Configuration File: /u01/app/oracle/10g/network/admin/tnsnames.ora
# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.
list2 =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS_LIST =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = oradb.robinson.com)(PORT = 1421))
)
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVICE_NAME = orcl.robinson.com)
)
)
--3.启动非默认的侦听器
[oracle@oradb admin]$ lsnrctl start list2
LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on 15-SEP-2010 19:49:31
Copyright (c) 1991, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Starting /u01/app/oracle/10g/bin/tnslsnr: please wait...
TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 10.2.0.1.0 - Production
System parameter file is /u01/app/oracle/10g/network/admin/listener.ora
Log messages written to /u01/app/oracle/10g/network/log/list2.log
Listening on: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=oradb.robinson.com)(PORT=1421)))
Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=oradb.robinson.com)(PORT=1421)))
STATUS of the LISTENER
------------------------
Alias list2
Version TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 10.2.0.1.0 - Production
Start Date 15-SEP-2010 19:49:31
Uptime 0 days 0 hr. 0 min. 0 sec
Trace Level off
Security ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP OFF
Listener Parameter File /u01/app/oracle/10g/network/admin/listener.ora
Listener Log File /u01/app/oracle/10g/network/log/list2.log
Listening Endpoints Summary...
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=oradb.robinson.com)(PORT=1421)))
The listener supports no services
The command completed successfully
--4.设定local_listener参数
SQL> show parameter local_listener;
NAME TYPE VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
local_listener string
SQL> alter system set local_listener = ‘list2‘;
System altered.
--5.查看侦听器list2的状态，orcl.robinson.com服务已成功注册
如果没有成功注册，执行这个语句alter system register;
[oracle@oradb admin]$ lsnrctl status list2
----------------------------中间部分省略-----------------------------------
Listening Endpoints Summary...
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=oradb.robinson.com)(PORT=1421)))
Services Summary...
Service "orcl.robinson.com" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "orcl", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "orclXDB.robinson.com" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "orcl", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "orcl_XPT.robinson.com" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "orcl", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
The command completed successfully
二、客户端配置
客户端为OS为Winxp，Oracle客户端软件为Oracle 10g 客户端
可以使用Winxp上的配置工具配置tnsnames.ora，也可以将服务器上的tnsnames.ora配置文件复制到本地OS或将内容更新到本地的tnsnames.ora文件
演示中为从服务器上的tnsnames.ora的内容更新到本地客户端的tnsnames.ora
C:/>sqlplus /nolog
SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on 星期二9月14 20:05:23 2010
Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.
SQL> conn scott/tiger@list2;
Connected.
将客户端的网络服务名更新为abc，如下
abc =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS_LIST =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = oradb.robinson.com)(PORT = 1421))
)
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVICE_NAME = orcl.robinson.com)
)
)
尝试再次连接，可以成功连接，由此可以看出跟网络服务名无关，重要的连接描述信息
SQL> conn system/redhat@abc
Connected.
三、常见故障(ORA-00119和ORA-00132错误解决)
--1.启动实例时收到如下错误提示
SQL> startup
ORA-00119: invalid specification for system parameter LOCAL_LISTENER
ORA-00132: syntax error or unresolved network name ‘list2‘
方法一
--从描述中可以看到参数local_listener设置的值list2无效
SQL> ho oerr ora 00132
00132, 00000, "syntax error or unresolved network name ‘%s‘"
// *Cause: Listener address has syntax error or cannot be resolved.
// *Action: If a network name is specified, check that it corresponds
// to an entry in TNSNAMES.ORA or other address repository
// as configured for your system. Make sure that the entry
// is syntactically correct.
--根据提示检查服务器端的tnsnames.ora
[oracle@oradb admin]$ cat tnsnames.ora
# tnsnames.ora Network Configuration File: /u01/app/oracle/10g/network/admin/tnsnames.ora
# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.
list = --此处为list，将其改为list2
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS_LIST =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = oradb.robinson.com)(PORT = 1421))
)
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVICE_NAME = orcl.robinson.com)
)
)
--改为list2后，实例正常启动
方法二
也可以先使用pfile启动,在pfile中指定spfile的路径,然后再增加一行local_listener=‘‘如下：
spfile=‘/u01/app/oracle/10g/dbs/spfileorcl.ora‘
local_listener = ‘‘
启动实例后再使用alter system set local_listener = ‘‘ scope = spfile;来修改spfile 文件，重启即可
关于pfile的常见故障可以参考：
Oracle 参数文件
SPFILE 错误导致数据库无法启动(ORA-01565)
又一例SPFILE设置错误导致数据库无法启动
--2.修改参数local_listener时出现的错误提示
假定此处中的侦听为默认的侦听器，但端口号使用的是非默认端口，而是使用的.
服务器端的listener.ora和tnsnames.ora的配置信息如下：
[oracle@oradb admin]$ cat listener.ora
# listener.ora Network Configuration File: /u01/app/oracle/10g/network/admin/listener.ora
# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.
LISTENER =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = oradb.robinson.com)(PORT = 1522))
)
[oracle@oradb admin]$ cat tnsnames.ora
# tnsnames.ora Network Configuration File: /u01/app/oracle/10g/network/admin/tnsnames.ora
# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.
orcl.robinson.com =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS_LIST =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = oradb.robinson.com)(PORT = 1522))
)
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVICE_NAME = orcl.robinosn.com)
)
)
对于非默认端口，我们需要修改local_listener，如下
SQL> alter system set local_listener =‘listener‘; --修改时收到了ORA-02097、ORA-00119错误
alter system set local_listener =‘listener‘
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-02097: parameter cannot be modified because specified value is invalid
ORA-00119: invalid specification for system parameter LOCAL_LISTENER
ORA-00132: syntax error or unresolved network name ‘listener‘
对于默认的侦听器，同样需要修改服务器端tnsnames.ora的网络服务名，使得与侦听器的名字相同
则tnsnames.ora修改后的内容为：
listener =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS_LIST =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = oradb.robinson.com)(PORT = 1522))
)
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVICE_NAME = orcl.robinosn.com)
)
)
再次修改local_listener参数
SQL> alter system set local_listener = ‘listener‘;
System altered.
修改完毕后，可以看到服务已经注册
Services Summary...
Service "orcl.robinson.com" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "orcl", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "orclXDB.robinson.com" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "orcl", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "orcl_XPT.robinson.com" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "orcl", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
The command completed successfully
四、总结
1.对于使用非默认端口的动态注册，需要手工指定端口号。
2.不管服务器段使用的是缺省的侦听器还是非缺省的侦听器，只要使用到了非默认端口，则需要修改服务器端的tnsnames.ora中的网络服务名使其与侦听器的名字相同。
3.修改local_listener 参数设置本地侦听器的名称。因为pmon进程仅仅会轮询检查默认号端口的侦听器,并在查找到时进行注册。
alter system set local_listener = ‘listener_name‘;
4.成功修改local_listener参数后，如果还没有看到注册的服务名，使用下面的命令来实现注册(10g不需要)
alter system register;
5.客户端的tnsnames.ora可以使用服务器端tnsnames.ora中的网络服务名，也可以使用其他的名字，即可以任意命名。
