标签：post *args detail choices birt 作用 att pat get
目录
# models.py
from django.db import models
class Publisher(models.Model):
title = models.CharField(max_length=32)
address = models.CharField(max_length=128)
def __str__(self):
return self.title
class Author(models.Model):
name = models.CharField(max_length=32)
birth_date = models.DateField()
gender = models.IntegerField(choices=((0,'male'),(1,'female')),default=0)
email = models.EmailField(max_length=64)
def __str__(self):
return self.name
class Book(models.Model):
title = models.CharField(max_length=32)
authors = models.ManyToManyField(Author)
publisher = models.ForeignKey(Publisher)
pub_date = models.DateField()
word_count = models.IntegerField()
price = models.IntegerField(null=True,blank=True)
def __str__(self):
return self.title# settings.py
INSTALLED_APPS = [
'app01',
'rest_framework',
]利用HttpResponse返回json或者文本数据。
from rest_framework.views import APIView
from django.shortcuts import HttpResponse
from .models import Publisher
import json
from .models import Publisher
from rest_framework import serializers
class PublisherSerializer(serializers.Serializer):
title = serializers.CharField()
address = serializers.CharField()
class PubliserView(APIView):
"""获取所有出版社"""
def get(self,request,*args,**kwargs):
# 方式1：
# publishers = Publisher.objects.all().values() # query set对象不能直接被序列化
# publishers = list(publishers)
# return HttpResponse(json.dumps(publishers), content_type='application/json')
# 方式2：
from django.forms.models import model_to_dict
# publishers = Publisher.objects.all()
# temp = []
# for obj in publishers:
# temp.append(model_to_dict(obj))
# return HttpResponse(json.dumps(temp), content_type='application/json')
# 方式3
# from django.core import serializers # django的方法，与rest无关
# publishers = Publisher.objects.all()
# ret = serializers.serialize('json',publishers)
# return HttpResponse(ret) # 内容更多
# 方式4：
publishers = Publisher.objects.all()
ser = PublisherSerializer(instance=publishers,many=True) # 若实例是对象集合，则必须增加many=True
print(ser.data)
# [OrderedDict([('title', '长江出版社'), ('address', '武汉市武昌区')]), OrderedDict([('title', '人民出版社')]
return HttpResponse(ser.data)类似django form。
# urls.py
from app01.views import PubliserView, BookView
url(r'^books/',BookView.as_view()),
# views.py
class BookView(APIView):
def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
book_list = Book.objects.all()
from .my_serializer import BookSerializer
ser = BookSerializer(instance=book_list, many=True)
# 1、返回json格式的字符串，对于浏览器相应内容会渲染到drf模板中，若是postman发的请求直接返回原始的数据
from rest_framework.response import Response
return Response(ser.data)
# 2、直接返回字符串
# return HttpResponse(ser.data)
# my_serializer.py
from rest_framework import serializers
class BookSerializer(serializers.Serializer):
title = serializers.CharField(max_length=32)
pub_date = serializers.DateField()
word_count = serializers.IntegerField()
# 一对多使：用source属性
publisher = serializers.CharField(source='publisher.address') # 可以指定关联表的字段
price = serializers.IntegerField()
# 针对多对多字段
# authors = serializers.CharField(source="authors.all")
authors = serializers.SerializerMethodField()
def get_authors(self,obj):
# print(obj)
authors = list(obj.authors.all().values_list('name')) # [('蒋勋',), ('易中天',)]
# authors = list(obj.authors.all().values('name')) # [{'name': '蒋勋'}, {'name': '易中天'}]
authors = [item[0] for item in authors if item]
return authors
# 本质
'''
book_list = BookSerializer(book_list,many=True)
temp = []
for obj in book_list:
temp.append({
"title":str(obj.title),
"price":obj.price,
"pub_date":str(obj.pub_date),
"word_count":obj.word_count,
"publisher":str(obj.publisher),
"authors":str(get_authors(obj)), # 多对多字段
})
'''类似与django的model-form。
作用：
将query_set转换成json数据
def get(self,request):
publishers = Publisher.objects.all()
ser = PublisherSerializer(instance=publishers,many=True) # 若实例是对象集合，则必须增加many=True
return Response(ser.data)将 model对象 转换成json数据
def get(self, request, pid):
p_obj = Publisher.objects.filter(pk=int(pid)).first()
ps = PublisherSerializer(instance=p_obj)
return Response(ps.data)3、做数据校验，将json数据>>>成queryset或者model对象>>>记录：
```
def post(self, request):
bs = BookSerializers(data=request.data)
# 做校验
if bs.is_valid():
# 转换成model对象
bs.save() # 把数据保存到数据库中（会有反序列化操作），.save()中有 create()方法
return Response(bs.data)
else:
return HttpResponse(bs.errors) # bs.errors 表示 错误信息
```语法实例：
from .models import *
class BookSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
"""
仅适用于展示字段
"""
# 重载默认的字段
publisher = serializers.CharField(source='publisher.address') # 可以指定关联表的字段
price = serializers.IntegerField()
# 针对多对多字段
authors = serializers.SerializerMethodField()
def get_authors(self,obj):
# print(obj)
authors = list(obj.authors.all().values_list('name')) # [('蒋勋',), ('易中天',)]
# authors = list(obj.authors.all().values('name')) # [{'name': '蒋勋'}, {'name': '易中天'}]
authors = [item[0] for item in authors if item]
return authors
class Meta:
model = Book
fields = '__all__'
# 对于多余多对多和一对多默认使用pk，一般为id
depth = 1
'''
# 增加前
[{
"id": 2,
"title": "蒋勋说唐诗",
"pub_date": "2012-02-07",
"word_count": 12,
"price": 34,
"publisher": 1,
"authors": [
1
]
},
# 增加后
[
{
"id": 2,
"title": "蒋勋说唐诗",
"pub_date": "2012-02-07",
"word_count": 12,
"price": 34,
"publisher": {
"id": 1,
"title": "长江出版社",
"address": "武汉市武昌区"
},
"authors": [
{
"id": 1,
"name": "蒋勋",
"birth_date": "1956-10-12",
"gender": 0,
"email": "jiangxun@foxmail.com"
}
]
'''增加对象记录。
from .my_serializer import BookSerializers
class BookView(APIView):
def post(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
"""保存提交的数据"""
bs = BookSerializers(data=request.data)
if bs.is_valid(): # 做校验
print('validated_data>>>>>>',bs.validated_data) # 结果为OrderedDict对象
'''
OrderedDict([
('title', 'who am i'), ('pub_date', datetime.date(2012, 12, 12)), ('word_count', 12), ('price', 29),
('publisher', <Publisher: 长江出版社>), ('authors', [<Author: 蒋勋>, <Author: 易中天>])
])
'''
bs.save() # 把数据保存到数据库中（会有反序列化操作） # .save()中有 create()方法
print('data>>>>>>', bs.data) # 结果为字典
'''
{'id': 21, 'title': 'who am i', 'pub_date': '2012-12-12', 'word_count': 12, 'price': 29, 'publisher': 1, 'authors': [1, 2]}
'''
return Response(bs.data)
else:
return HttpResponse(bs.errors) # bs.errors 表示 错误信息
# 1、使用默认的字段，则无需定制
# 在postman中提交json格式的数据：{"title":"1212312!","pub_date":"2012-12-12","word_count":12,"price":29,"publisher":1,"authors":[1,2]}
class BookSerializers(serializers.ModelSerializer):
class Meta:
model = Book
fields = "__all__"
# 2、定制字段后
class BookSerializers(serializers.ModelSerializer):
publisher = serializers.CharField(source='publisher.pk')
class Meta:
model = Book
fields = "__all__"
# exclude = ['authors',]
# depth=1
# 处理多对多字段时需要重写 save()中的 create()方法
def create(self, validated_data):
print('validated_data>>>>>>>',validated_data)
'''
{
'title': '钢铁是怎样炼成的',
'pub_date': datetime.date(2012, 12, 12),
'word_count': 12, 'price': 29,
'publisher': <Publisher: 长江出版社>,
'authors': [<Author: 蒋勋>, <Author: 易中天>]
}
'''
book_obj = Book.objects.create(
title=validated_data['title'],
pub_date=validated_data['pub_date'],
word_count=validated_data['word_count'],
publisher_id=validated_data['publisher']['pk'], # 注意此处字段名称为publisher_id！！！
price=validated_data['price'],
)
print('book_obj',book_obj)
# authors = validated_data.pop('authors')
# obj = Book.objects.create(**validated_data)
book_obj.authors.add(*validated_data['authors'])
return book_obj对特定对象的删、改、查操作。
# urls
url(r'^books/(?P<id>\d+)/$',BookDetailView.as_view()),
# views.py
class BookDetailView(APIView):
"""对特定书籍的查看、修改和删除操作"""
def get(self, request, id):
b_obj = Book.objects.filter(pk=int(id)).first()
bs = BookSerializers(instance=b_obj)
return Response(bs.data)
def put(self, request, id):
"""没有对应的对象则更新，有则修改"""
b_obj = Book.objects.filter(pk=int(id)).first()
bs = BookSerializers(instance=b_obj,data=request.data)
if bs.is_valid(): # 数据需要填写完整
bs.save()
return Response(bs.data)
else:
return HttpResponse(bs.errors)
def delete(self, request,id):
"""删除指定的对象"""
b_obj = Book.objects.filter(pk=int(id)).first()
b_obj.delete()
return Response() # 返回空例：postman进行put操作
from django.conf.urls import url
from django.contrib import admin
from app01.views import PubliserView, BookView, BookDetailView,PubliserDetailView
urlpatterns = [
url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls),
url(r'^publishers/$',PubliserView.as_view()), # 新增/查询所有
url(r'^publishers/(?P<pid>\d+)/$',PubliserDetailView.as_view()), # 编辑/新增/删除
url(r'^books/$',BookView.as_view()), # 新增/查询所有
url(r'^books/(?P<id>\d+)/$',BookDetailView.as_view()), # 编辑/新增/删除
]from rest_framework import serializers
from .models import *
class PublisherSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
class Meta:
model = Publisher
fields = '__all__'
# depth = 1
class BookSerializers(serializers.ModelSerializer):
class Meta:
model = Book
fields = "__all__"
# exclude = ['authors',]
# depth=1有部分重复代码，有待优化！
from rest_framework.views import APIView
from django.shortcuts import HttpResponse
from .models import Publisher,Book
from rest_framework.response import Response
from .my_serializer import PublisherSerializer
from .my_serializer import BookSerializers
class PubliserView(APIView):
def get(self,request):
"""查询并返回所有出版社"""
publishers = Publisher.objects.all()
ser = PublisherSerializer(instance=publishers,many=True) # 若实例是对象集合，则必须增加many=True
return Response(ser.data)
def post(self,request):
"""新增出版社"""
bs = PublisherSerializer(data=request.data)
if bs.is_valid():
bs.save()
return Response(bs.data)
else:
return Response(bs.errors)
class BookView(APIView):
def get(self, request):
"""查询所有书籍"""
book_list = Book.objects.all()
ser = BookSerializers(instance=book_list, many=True)
from rest_framework.response import Response
return Response(ser.data)
def post(self, request):
"""新增书籍记录"""
bs = BookSerializers(data=request.data)
if bs.is_valid(): # 做校验
bs.save() # 把数据保存到数据库中（会有反序列化操作） # .save()中有 create()方法
return Response(bs.data)
else:
return HttpResponse(bs.errors) # bs.errors 表示 错误信息
class PubliserDetailView(APIView):
"""获取所有出版社"""
def get(self, request, pid):
"""查询并返回某一个的出版社信息"""
p_obj = Publisher.objects.filter(pk=int(pid)).first()
ps = PublisherSerializer(instance=p_obj)
print(ps)
return Response(ps.data)
def put(self, request, pid):
"""修改或新增一条出版社信息"""
p_obj = Publisher.objects.filter(pk=int(pid)).first()
ps = PublisherSerializer(instance=p_obj, data=request.data)
print('ps>>>>',ps)
if ps.is_valid(): # 数据需要填写完整
ps.save()
return Response(ps.data)
else:
return HttpResponse(ps.errors)
def delete(self, request,pid):
"""删除某一条出版社记录"""
Publisher.objects.filter(pk=int(pid)).delete()
return Response() # 返回空
class BookDetailView(APIView):
def get(self, request, id):
"""查询并返回某一本书籍信息"""
b_obj = Book.objects.filter(pk=int(id)).first()
bs = BookSerializers(instance=b_obj)
return Response(bs.data)
def put(self, request, id):
"""修改或新增一条书籍信息"""
b_obj = Book.objects.filter(pk=int(id)).first()
bs = BookSerializers(instance=b_obj,data=request.data)
if bs.is_valid(): # 数据需要填写完整
bs.save()
return Response(bs.data)
else:
return HttpResponse(bs.errors)
def delete(self, request,id):
"""删除某一条书籍记录"""
b_obj = Book.objects.filter(pk=int(id)).first()
b_obj.delete()
return Response() # 返回空标签：post *args detail choices birt 作用 att pat get
原文地址：https://www.cnblogs.com/fqh202/p/9608110.html
