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三、Scrapy中选择器用法

时间:2019-01-19 18:42:25      阅读:236      评论:0      收藏:0      [点我收藏+]

标签:contain   style   div   nbsp   images   points   html   ber   size   

官方示例源码
<html>
 <head>
  <base href=‘http://example.com/‘ />
  <title>Example website</title>
 </head>
 <body>
  <div id=‘images‘>
   <a href=‘image1.html‘>Name: My image 1 <br /><img src=‘image1_thumb.jpg‘ /></a>
   <a href=‘image2.html‘>Name: My image 2 <br /><img src=‘image2_thumb.jpg‘ /></a>
   <a href=‘image3.html‘>Name: My image 3 <br /><img src=‘image3_thumb.jpg‘ /></a>
   <a href=‘image4.html‘>Name: My image 4 <br /><img src=‘image4_thumb.jpg‘ /></a>
   <a href=‘image5.html‘>Name: My image 5 <br /><img src=‘image5_thumb.jpg‘ /></a>
  </div>
 </body>
</html>

# scrapy shell http://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/_static/selectors-sample1.html

>>> response.xpath(‘//title/text()‘)
[<Selector (text) xpath=//title/text()>]

>>> response.css(‘title::text‘)
[<Selector (text) xpath=//title/text()>]

>>> response.css(‘title::text‘).extract()
[u‘Example website‘]

>>> response.xpath(‘//title/text()‘).extract()
[u‘Example website‘]

>>> response.xpath(‘//base/@href‘).extract()
[u‘http://example.com/‘]

>>> response.css(‘base::attr(href)‘).extract()
[u‘http://example.com/‘]


>>> response.xpath(‘//a[contains(@href, "image")]/@href‘).extract()
[u‘image1.html‘,
 u‘image2.html‘,
 u‘image3.html‘,
 u‘image4.html‘,
 u‘image5.html‘]

>>> response.css(‘a[href*=image]::attr(href)‘).extract()
[u‘image1.html‘,
 u‘image2.html‘,
 u‘image3.html‘,
 u‘image4.html‘,
 u‘image5.html‘]

>>> response.xpath(‘//a/@href‘)]‘).extract()
[‘image1.html‘,
 ‘image2.html‘,
 ‘image3.html‘,
 ‘image4.html‘,
 ‘image5.html‘]

>>> response.css(‘a::attr(href)‘).extract()
[‘image1.html‘,
 ‘image2.html‘,
 ‘image3.html‘,
 ‘image4.html‘,
 ‘image5.html‘]

>>> response.xpath(‘//div[@id="image"]‘).css(‘img::attr(src)‘).extract()
[‘image1_thumb.jpg‘,
 ‘image2_thumb.jpg‘,
 ‘image3_thumb.jpg‘,
 ‘image4_thumb.jpg‘,
 ‘image5_thumb.jpg‘]
 
>>> response.xpath(‘//div[@id="image"]‘).css(‘img::attr(src)‘).extract_first()
‘image1_thumb.jpg‘

# 默认值,查找不存在的元素,使用默认值
>>> response.xpath(‘//div[@id="image"]‘).css(‘img::attr(data-src)‘).extract_first(deafult=‘‘)
‘‘

>>> response.xpath(‘//a[contains(@href, "image")]/img/@src‘).extract()
[u‘image1_thumb.jpg‘,
 u‘image2_thumb.jpg‘,
 u‘image3_thumb.jpg‘,
 u‘image4_thumb.jpg‘,
 u‘image5_thumb.jpg‘]

>>> response.css(‘a[href*=image] img::attr(src)‘).extract()
[u‘image1_thumb.jpg‘,
 u‘image2_thumb.jpg‘,
 u‘image3_thumb.jpg‘,
 u‘image4_thumb.jpg‘,
 u‘image5_thumb.jpg‘]
 
>>> links = response.xpath(‘//a[contains(@href, "image")]‘)
>>> links.extract()
[u‘<a href="image1.html">Name: My image 1 <br><img src="image1_thumb.jpg"></a>‘,
 u‘<a href="image2.html">Name: My image 2 <br><img src="image2_thumb.jpg"></a>‘,
 u‘<a href="image3.html">Name: My image 3 <br><img src="image3_thumb.jpg"></a>‘,
 u‘<a href="image4.html">Name: My image 4 <br><img src="image4_thumb.jpg"></a>‘,
 u‘<a href="image5.html">Name: My image 5 <br><img src="image5_thumb.jpg"></a>‘]

>>> for index, link in enumerate(links):
        args = (index, link.xpath(‘@href‘).extract(), link.xpath(‘img/@src‘).extract())
        print ‘Link number %d points to url %s and image %s‘ % args

Link number 0 points to url [u‘image1.html‘] and image [u‘image1_thumb.jpg‘]
Link number 1 points to url [u‘image2.html‘] and image [u‘image2_thumb.jpg‘]
Link number 2 points to url [u‘image3.html‘] and image [u‘image3_thumb.jpg‘]
Link number 3 points to url [u‘image4.html‘] and image [u‘image4_thumb.jpg‘]
Link number 4 points to url [u‘image5.html‘] and image [u‘image5_thumb.jpg‘]


>>> response.xpath(‘//a/text()‘).extract()
[‘Name:My image 1‘,
 ‘Name:My image 2‘,
 ‘Name:My image 3‘,
 ‘Name:My image 4‘,
 ‘Name:My image 5‘]
 
>>> response.css(‘a::text‘).extract()
[‘Name:My image 1‘,
 ‘Name:My image 2‘,
 ‘Name:My image 3‘,
 ‘Name:My image 4‘,
 ‘Name:My image 5‘]
 
 
>>> response.xpath(‘//a[contains(@href, "image")]/@href‘).extract()
[‘image1.html‘,
 ‘image2.html‘,
 ‘image3.html‘,
 ‘image4.html‘,
 ‘image5.html‘]
 
>>> response.css(‘a[href*=image] img::attr(href)‘).extract()
[‘image1.html‘,
 ‘image2.html‘,
 ‘image3.html‘,
 ‘image4.html‘,
 ‘image5.html‘]

# 使用正则    
>>> response.xpath(‘//a[contains(@href, "image")]/text()‘).re(r‘Name:\s*(.*)‘)
[u‘My image 1‘,
 u‘My image 2‘,
 u‘My image 3‘,
 u‘My image 4‘,
 u‘My image 5‘]

>>> response.xpath(‘//a[contains(@href, "image")]/text()‘).re_first(r‘Name:\s*(.*)‘)
‘My image 1‘

>>> response.xpath(‘//a/text()‘).re(r‘Name:\s*(.*)‘)
[‘My image 1‘,
 ‘My image 2‘,
 ‘My image 3‘,
 ‘My image 4‘,
 ‘My image 5‘]

>>> response.xpath(‘//a/text()‘).re_first(r‘Name:\s*(.*)‘)
‘My image 1‘

>>> response.css(‘a::text‘).re(r‘Name:\s*(.*)‘)
[‘My image 1‘,
 ‘My image 2‘,
 ‘My image 3‘,
 ‘My image 4‘,
 ‘My image 5‘]

#使用strip()再次处理字符串中的空格,注意跟前面的相比较
re_first(‘Name:(.*)‘).strip()
re(r‘Name:\s*(.*)‘)
>>> response.css(‘a::text‘).re_first(‘Name:(.*)‘).strip()
‘My image 1‘

# 获取所有的a标签超链接
>>> response.css(‘a‘).extract()
[‘<a href=‘image1.html‘>Name: My image 1 <br /><img src=‘image1_thumb.jpg‘ /></a>‘,
‘<a href=‘image2.html‘>Name: My image 2 <br /><img src=‘image2_thumb.jpg‘ /></a>‘,
‘<a href=‘image3.html‘>Name: My image 3 <br /><img src=‘image3_thumb.jpg‘ /></a>‘,
‘<a href=‘image4.html‘>Name: My image 4 <br /><img src=‘image4_thumb.jpg‘ /></a>‘,
‘<a href=‘image5.html‘>Name: My image 5 <br /><img src=‘image5_thumb.jpg‘ /></a>‘]

>>> response.css(‘a‘).extract_first()
‘<a href=‘image1.html‘>Name: My image 1 <br /><img src=‘image1_thumb.jpg‘ /></a>‘

三、Scrapy中选择器用法

标签:contain   style   div   nbsp   images   points   html   ber   size   

原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/sanduzxcvbnm/p/10292654.html

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