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二次封装Response类、views:视图 generics:工具视图 mixins:视图工具集 viewsets:视图集

时间:2019-10-20 14:41:04      阅读:73      评论:0      收藏:0      [点我收藏+]

标签:xtend   映射   post提交数据   trie   一个   imp   组件   sel   获得   


## 二次封装Response类
Response({
    status: 0,
    msg: ok,
    results: [],
    token: ‘‘  # 有这样的额外的key-value数据结果
},status=http_status,headers=headers,exception=True|False)

APIResponse() => Response({status: 0,msg: ok})
"""
```


from rest_framework.response import Response

class APIResponse(Response):
    def __init__(self, data_status=0, data_msg=‘ok‘, results=None, http_status=None, headers=None, exception=False, **kwargs):
        # data的初始状态:状态码与状态信息
        data = {
            ‘status‘: data_status,
            ‘msg‘: data_msg,
        }
        # data的响应数据体
        # results可能是False、0等数据,这些数据某些情况下也会作为合法数据返回
        if results is not None:
            data[‘results‘] = results
        # data响应的其他内容
        # if kwargs is not None:
        #     for k, v in kwargs.items():
        #         setattr(data, k, v)
        data.update(kwargs)

        super().__init__(data=data, status=http_status, headers=headers, exception=exception)
```
## GenericAPIView基类


# GenericAPIView是继承APIView的,使用完全兼容APIView
# 重点:GenericAPIView在APIView基础上完成了哪些事
# 1)get_queryset():从类属性queryset中获得model的queryset数据
# 2)get_object():从类属性queryset中获得model的queryset数据,再通过有名分组pk确定唯一操作对象
# 3)get_serializer():从类属性serializer_class中获得serializer的序列化类

urlpatterns = [
    url(r^v2/books/$, views.BookGenericAPIView.as_view()),
    url(r^v2/books/(?P<pk>.*)/$, views.BookGenericAPIView.as_view()),
]
```

from rest_framework.generics import GenericAPIView
class BookGenericAPIView(GenericAPIView):
    queryset = models.Book.objects.filter(is_delete=False)
    serializer_class = serializers.BookModelSerializer
    # 自定义主键的 有名分组 名
    lookup_field = pk
    # 群取
    # def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
    #     book_query = self.get_queryset()
    #     book_ser = self.get_serializer(book_query, many=True)
    #     book_data = book_ser.data
    #     return APIResponse(results=book_data)

    # 单取
    def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        book_query = self.get_object()
        book_ser = self.get_serializer(book_query)
        book_data = book_ser.data
        return APIResponse(results=book_data)

## mixins视图工具集 - 辅助GenericAPIView

# 1)mixins有五个工具类文件,一共提供了五个工具类,六个工具方法:单查、群查、单增、单删、单整体改、单局部改
# 2)继承工具类可以简化请求函数的实现体,但是必须继承GenericAPIView,需要GenericAPIView类提供的几个类属性和方法(见上方GenericAPIView基类知识点)
# 3)工具类的工具方法返回值都是Response类型对象,如果要格式化数据格式再返回给前台,可以通过 response.data 拿到工具方法返回的Response类型对象的响应数据
```

urlpatterns = [
url(r‘^v3/books/$‘, views.BookMixinGenericAPIView.as_view()),
url(r‘^v3/books/(?P<pk>.*)/$‘, views.BookMixinGenericAPIView.as_view()),
]
```


from rest_framework.mixins import ListModelMixin, CreateModelMixin, RetrieveModelMixin, UpdateModelMixin
class BookMixinGenericAPIView(ListModelMixin, CreateModelMixin, RetrieveModelMixin, UpdateModelMixin, GenericAPIView):
    queryset = models.Book.objects.filter(is_delete=False)
    serializer_class = serializers.BookModelSerializer

    def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        if pk in kwargs:
            response = self.retrieve(request, *args, **kwargs)
        else:
            # mixins提供的list方法的响应对象是Response,想将该对象格式化为APIResponse
            response = self.list(request, *args, **kwargs)
        # response的数据都存放在response.data中
        return APIResponse(results=response.data)

    def post(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        response = self.create(request, *args, **kwargs)
        return APIResponse(results=response.data)

    def put(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        response = self.update(request, *args, **kwargs)
        return APIResponse(results=response.data)

    def patch(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        response = self.partial_update(request, *args, **kwargs)
        return APIResponse(results=response.data)


## 工具视图


# 1)工具视图都是GenericAPIView的子类,且不同的子类继承了不听的工具类,重写了请求方法
# 2)工具视图的功能如果直接可以满足需求,只需要继承工具视图,提供queryset与serializer_class即可
```


urlpatterns = [
url(r‘^v4/books/$‘, views.BookListCreatePIView.as_view()),
url(r‘^v4/books/(?P<pk>.*)/$‘, views.BookListCreatePIView.as_view()),
]

from rest_framework.generics import ListCreateAPIView, UpdateAPIView
class BookListCreatePIView(ListCreateAPIView, UpdateAPIView):
    queryset = models.Book.objects.filter(is_delete=False)
    serializer_class = serializers.BookModelSerializer


## 视图集

# 1)视图集都是优先继承ViewSetMixin类,再继承一个视图类(GenericAPIView或APIView)
# GenericViewSet、ViewSet
# 2)ViewSetMixin提供了重写的as_view()方法,继承视图集的视图类,配置路由时调用as_view()必须传入 请求名-函数名 映射关系字典
# eg: url(r‘^v5/books/$‘, views.BookGenericViewSet.as_view({‘get‘: ‘my_get_list‘})),
# 表示get请求会交给my_get_list视图函数处理
```


urlpatterns = [
# View的as_view():将get请求映射到视图类的get方法
# ViewSet的as_view({‘get‘: ‘my_get_list‘}):将get请求映射到视图类的my_get_list方法
url(r‘^v5/books/$‘, views.BookGenericViewSet.as_view({‘get‘: ‘my_get_list‘})),
url(r‘^v5/books/(?P<pk>.*)/$‘, views.BookGenericViewSet.as_view({‘get‘: ‘my_get_obj‘})),
]
```


from rest_framework.viewsets import GenericViewSet
from rest_framework import mixins
class BookGenericViewSet(mixins.RetrieveModelMixin, mixins.ListModelMixin, GenericViewSet):
    queryset = models.Book.objects.filter(is_delete=False)
    serializer_class = serializers.BookModelSerializer

    def my_get_list(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        return self.list(request, *args, **kwargs)

    def my_get_obj(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        return self.retrieve(request, *args, **kwargs)

## GenericAPIView 与 APIView 最为两大继承视图的区别


# 1)GenericViewSet和ViewSet都继承了ViewSetMixin,as_view都可以配置 请求-函数 映射
# 2)GenericViewSet继承的是GenericAPIView视图类,用来完成标准的 model 类操作接口
# 3)ViewSet继承的是APIView视图类,用来完成不需要 model 类参与,或是非标准的 model 类操作接口
# post请求在标准的 model 类操作下就是新增接口,登陆的post不满足
# post请求验证码的接口,不需要 model 类的参与
# 案例:登陆的post请求,并不是完成数据的新增,只是用post提交数据,得到的结果也不是登陆的用户信息,而是登陆的认证信息
```

## 工具视图集
# 拥有六大接口:单查、群查、单增、单整体改、单局部改,删除
# 注:一般肯定会重写destroy
urlpatterns = [
       url(r^v6/books/$, views.BookModelViewSet.as_view({get: list, post: create})),
    url(r^v6/books/(?P<pk>.*)/$, views.BookModelViewSet.as_view({get: retrieve, put: update, patch: partial_update, delete: destroy})),
]

from rest_framework.viewsets import ModelViewSet
class BookModelViewSet(ModelViewSet):
    queryset = models.Book.objects.filter(is_delete=False)
    serializer_class = serializers.BookModelSerializer

    # 删不是数据库,而是该记录中的删除字段
    def destroy(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        instance = self.get_object()  # type: models.Book
        if not instance:
            return APIResponse(1, 删除失败)  # 实际操作,在此之前就做了判断
        instance.is_delete = True
        instance.save()
        return APIResponse(0, 删除成功)


## 路由组件(了解)

from django.conf.urls import include
from rest_framework.routers import SimpleRouter
router = SimpleRouter()
# 所有路由与ViewSet视图类的都可以注册,会产生 ‘^v6/books/$‘ 和 ‘^v6/books/(?P<pk>[^/.]+)/$‘
router.register(v6/books, views.BookModelViewSet)

urlpatterns = [
    # 第一种添加子列表方式
    url(r^, include(router.urls)),
]
# 第二种添加子列表方式
# urlpatterns.extend(router.urls)

 

二次封装Response类、views:视图 generics:工具视图 mixins:视图工具集 viewsets:视图集

标签:xtend   映射   post提交数据   trie   一个   imp   组件   sel   获得   

原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/wukai66/p/11707476.html

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