数据结构-ADT-Array

  1 #include <iostream>
  2 #include <cstdio>
  3 #include <cstdarg>
  4 
  5 using namespace std;
  6 
  7 #define MAX_ARRAY_DIM 8//数组的最大维数为8
  8 
  9 template<class T>
 10 struct array_struct{
 11     T *base;
 12     int dim;//维数
 13     int *bounds;//数组维界基址
 14     int *constants;//用于计算偏移量
 15 };
 16 
 17 template<class T>
 18 class Array
 19 {
 20 public:
 21     Array(){}
 22     Array(int dim, ...);
 23     ~Array() {  }
 24     //void InitArrary(int dim, ...);
 25     void DestoryArray();
 26     void Locate(va_list ap, int &off);//off为偏移量,省略的参数是元素的 定位
 27     void ValueOf(T &e,int temp, ...);//将某单元值赋给e，调用函数Locate
 28     void Assign(T e, ...);//将e赋值给某单元，调用函数Locate
 29     void Show();//打印
 30 private:
 31     array_struct<T> A;
 32 };
 33 
 34 int main() {
 35     Array<int> Ab(3, 2, 2, 3);//2*2*3数组
 36     Ab.Assign(3, 0, 0, 0);
 37     Ab.Assign(7, 0, 0, 1);
 38     Ab.Assign(8, 0, 0, 2);
 39     Ab.Assign(1, 0, 1, 0);
 40     Ab.Assign(10, 0, 1, 1);
 41     Ab.Assign(-1, 0, 1, 2);
 42 
 43     Ab.Assign(3, 1, 0, 0);
 44     Ab.Assign(7, 1, 0, 1);
 45     Ab.Assign(8, 1, 0, 2);
 46     Ab.Assign(1, 1, 1, 0);
 47     Ab.Assign(10, 1, 1, 1);
 48     Ab.Assign(-1, 1, 1, 2);
 49     Ab.Show();
 50 
 51     //验证valueof
 52     int e = 0;
 53     Ab.ValueOf(e,99,0, 1, 2);//99为temp,va_start()参数不能包含引用类型
 54     cout << "ValueOf(0,1,2)=" << e << endl;
 55 
 56     //验证assign
 57     Ab.Assign(0, 0, 0, 0);
 58     Ab.Show();
 59 
 60     Ab.DestoryArray();
 61     system("pause");
 62 }
 63 template<class T>
 64 void Array<T>::Show() 
 65 {
 66     int elemtotal = 1;
 67     for (int i = 0, j = A.dim; i < j; i++)
 68         elemtotal *= A.bounds[i];
 69     cout << "数组的元素（按一维写出）：" << endl << endl;
 70     for (int i = 0; i < elemtotal; i++)//下标差1,0-(total-1)
 71     {
 72         cout << *(A.base + i) << ‘\t‘;
 73         if (!((i + 1) % A.constants[0]))
 74             cout << endl << endl;
 75     }
 76 }
 77 
 78 template<class T>
 79 void Array<T>::Assign(T e, ...) {
 80     va_list(ap);
 81     va_start(ap, e);
 82     int off = -1;
 83     Locate(ap, off);
 84     *(A.base + off) = e;
 85     return;
 86 }
 87 template<class T>
 88 void Array<T>::ValueOf(T &e, int temp, ...) {
 89     va_list(ap);
 90     va_start(ap, temp);
 91     int off = 2;
 92     Locate(ap, off);//若ap错误，则程序return，暂时不做异常处理
 93     e = *(A.base + off);
 94     return;
 95 }
 96 template<class T>
 97 void Array<T>::Locate(va_list ap, int &off) {
 98     off = 0;
 99     for (int i = 0; i < A.dim; i++)
100     {
101         int ind = va_arg(ap, T);
102         if (ind < 0 || ind >= A.bounds[i])
103         {
104             cout << "位置错误" << endl;
105             return;
106         }
107         off += A.constants[i] * ind;
108     }
109 }
110 template<class T>
111 Array<T>::Array(int dim, ...)
112 {
113     if (dim<1 || dim>MAX_ARRAY_DIM)
114     {
115         cout << "维数非法" << endl;
116         return;
117     }
118     //bounds数组用于记录dim个维度个长度
119     A.dim = dim;
120     try {
121         A.bounds = new int[dim];//开辟dim大小的int数组
122     }
123     catch (const bad_alloc &) {
124         cout << "空间开辟失败" << endl;
125         return;
126     }
127 
128     //统计总共需要的T变量的空间的个数
129     int elemtotal = 1;
130     va_list(ap);
131     va_start(ap, dim);
132     for (int i = 0; i < dim; i++) {
133         A.bounds[i] = va_arg(ap, int);
134         if (A.bounds[i] <= 0) {
135             cout << "维数错误，initarray（dim,...error...）" << endl;
136             return;
137         }
138         elemtotal *= A.bounds[i];
139     }
140     va_end(ap);
141     try {
142         A.base = new T[elemtotal];//线性开辟总空间
143     }
144     catch (const bad_alloc &) {
145         cout << "总空间开辟失败" << endl;
146         return;
147     }
148     //初始化为0
149     for (int i = 0; i < elemtotal; i++)
150         *(A.base + i) = 0;
151 
152     try {
153         A.constants = new int[dim];//记录偏移量的int数组constants分配空间
154     }
155     catch (const bad_alloc &) {
156         cout << "偏移量空间开辟失败" << endl;
157         return;
158     }
159 
160     //计算并得到 偏移量数组constants
161     A.constants[dim - 1] = 1;
162     for (int i = dim - 2; i >= 0; i--) {
163         A.constants[i] = A.constants[i + 1] * A.bounds[i + 1];
164     }
165     return;
166 }
167 
168 template<class T>
169 void Array<T>::DestoryArray() {
170     delete[]A.base;
171     delete[]A.bounds;
172     delete[]A.constants;
173     return;
174 }