Google Guice之牛刀小试

标签：google   guice   依赖注入   di   

下面我们就来了解一下Guice，在此之前，先看一个官方例子：在应用程序中，要把所有的东西装配起来是一件很乏味的事件，这要涉及到连接数据，服务，表现层类等方面，这是一个比萨饼订购网站的计费代码例子用于这些方面的对比。

public interface BillingService {

  /**
   * Attempts to charge the order to the credit card. Both successful and
   * failed transactions will be recorded.
   *
   * @return a receipt of the transaction. If the charge was successful, the
   *      receipt will be successful. Otherwise, the receipt will contain a
   *      decline note describing why the charge failed.
   */
  Receipt chargeOrder(PizzaOrder order, CreditCard creditCard);
}

public class RealBillingService implements BillingService {
  public Receipt chargeOrder(PizzaOrder order, CreditCard creditCard) {
    CreditCardProcessor processor = new PaypalCreditCardProcessor();//构造方法创建CreditCardProcessor
    TransactionLog transactionLog = new DatabaseTransactionLog();//构造方法创建TransactionLog对象

    try {
      ChargeResult result = processor.charge(creditCard, order.getAmount());
      transactionLog.logChargeResult(result);

      return result.wasSuccessful()
          ? Receipt.forSuccessfulCharge(order.getAmount())
          : Receipt.forDeclinedCharge(result.getDeclineMessage());
     } catch (UnreachableException e) {
      transactionLog.logConnectException(e);
      return Receipt.forSystemFailure(e.getMessage());
    }
  }
}

public class CreditCardProcessorFactory {

  private static CreditCardProcessor instance;

  public static void setInstance(CreditCardProcessor creditCardProcessor) {
    instance = creditCardProcessor;
  }

  public static CreditCardProcessor getInstance() {
    if (instance == null) {
      return new SquareCreditCardProcessor();
    }

    return instance;
  }
}

public class RealBillingService implements BillingService {
  public Receipt chargeOrder(PizzaOrder order, CreditCard creditCard) {
    CreditCardProcessor processor = CreditCardProcessorFactory.getInstance();
    TransactionLog transactionLog = TransactionLogFactory.getInstance();

    try {
      ChargeResult result = processor.charge(creditCard, order.getAmount());
      transactionLog.logChargeResult(result);

      return result.wasSuccessful()
          ? Receipt.forSuccessfulCharge(order.getAmount())
          : Receipt.forDeclinedCharge(result.getDeclineMessage());
     } catch (UnreachableException e) {
      transactionLog.logConnectException(e);
      return Receipt.forSystemFailure(e.getMessage());
    }
  }
}

public class RealBillingServiceTest extends TestCase {

  private final PizzaOrder order = new PizzaOrder(100);
  private final CreditCard creditCard = new CreditCard("1234", 11, 2010);

  private final InMemoryTransactionLog transactionLog = new InMemoryTransactionLog();
  private final FakeCreditCardProcessor creditCardProcessor = new FakeCreditCardProcessor();

  @Override public void setUp() {
    TransactionLogFactory.setInstance(transactionLog);
    CreditCardProcessorFactory.setInstance(creditCardProcessor);
  }

  @Override public void tearDown() {
    TransactionLogFactory.setInstance(null);
    CreditCardProcessorFactory.setInstance(null);
  }

  public void testSuccessfulCharge() {
    RealBillingService billingService = new RealBillingService();
    Receipt receipt = billingService.chargeOrder(order, creditCard);

    assertTrue(receipt.hasSuccessfulCharge());
    assertEquals(100, receipt.getAmountOfCharge());
    assertEquals(creditCard, creditCardProcessor.getCardOfOnlyCharge());
    assertEquals(100, creditCardProcessor.getAmountOfOnlyCharge());
    assertTrue(transactionLog.wasSuccessLogged());
  }
}

public class RealBillingService implements BillingService {
  private final CreditCardProcessor processor;
  private final TransactionLog transactionLog;

  public RealBillingService(CreditCardProcessor processor, 
      TransactionLog transactionLog) {
    this.processor = processor;
    this.transactionLog = transactionLog;
  }

  public Receipt chargeOrder(PizzaOrder order, CreditCard creditCard) {
    try {
      ChargeResult result = processor.charge(creditCard, order.getAmount());
      transactionLog.logChargeResult(result);

      return result.wasSuccessful()
          ? Receipt.forSuccessfulCharge(order.getAmount())
          : Receipt.forDeclinedCharge(result.getDeclineMessage());
     } catch (UnreachableException e) {
      transactionLog.logConnectException(e);
      return Receipt.forSystemFailure(e.getMessage());
    }
  }
}

public class RealBillingServiceTest extends TestCase {

  private final PizzaOrder order = new PizzaOrder(100);
  private final CreditCard creditCard = new CreditCard("1234", 11, 2010);

  private final InMemoryTransactionLog transactionLog = new InMemoryTransactionLog();
  private final FakeCreditCardProcessor creditCardProcessor = new FakeCreditCardProcessor();

  public void testSuccessfulCharge() {
    RealBillingService billingService
        = new RealBillingService(creditCardProcessor, transactionLog);
    Receipt receipt = billingService.chargeOrder(order, creditCard);

    assertTrue(receipt.hasSuccessfulCharge());
    assertEquals(100, receipt.getAmountOfCharge());
    assertEquals(creditCard, creditCardProcessor.getCardOfOnlyCharge());
    assertEquals(100, creditCardProcessor.getAmountOfOnlyCharge());
    assertTrue(transactionLog.wasSuccessLogged());
  }
}

现在到Guice出场的时候，使用Guice进行依赖注入

依赖注入模式可以让代码更具模块性，更易于测试，而且Guice使其易于编写。在上面的计费例子中，我们第一步要告诉Guice怎么映射接口与实现类，这是通过Guice的Module进行配置的，它可以是任何一个实现了Module接口的Java类。

public class BillingModule extends AbstractModule {
  @Override 
  protected void configure() {
    bind(TransactionLog.class).to(DatabaseTransactionLog.class);//将接口与实现进行映射绑定
    bind(CreditCardProcessor.class).to(PaypalCreditCardProcessor.class);
    bind(BillingService.class).to(RealBillingService.class);
  }
}

public class RealBillingService implements BillingService {
  private final CreditCardProcessor processor;
  private final TransactionLog transactionLog;

  @Inject
  public RealBillingService(CreditCardProcessor processor,
      TransactionLog transactionLog) {
    this.processor = processor;
    this.transactionLog = transactionLog;
  }

  public Receipt chargeOrder(PizzaOrder order, CreditCard creditCard) {
    try {
      ChargeResult result = processor.charge(creditCard, order.getAmount());
      transactionLog.logChargeResult(result);

      return result.wasSuccessful()
          ? Receipt.forSuccessfulCharge(order.getAmount())
          : Receipt.forDeclinedCharge(result.getDeclineMessage());
     } catch (UnreachableException e) {
      transactionLog.logConnectException(e);
      return Receipt.forSystemFailure(e.getMessage());
    }
  }
}

public static void main(String[] args) {
	Injector injector = Guice.createInjector(new BillingModule());
	BillingService billingService = injector.getInstance(BillingService.class);
	...
}

Google Guice之牛刀小试

标签：google   guice   依赖注入   di   

原文地址：http://blog.csdn.net/xtayfjpk/article/details/40638619