标签：onclick product 情况下 flag 语法 man _id sage testing
Flask是一个基于Python开发并且依赖jinja2模板和Werkzeug WSGI服务的一个微型框架，对于Werkzeug本质是Socket服务端，其用于接收http请求并对请求进行预处理，然后触发Flask框架，开发人员基于Flask框架提供的功能对请求进行相应的处理，并返回给用户，如果要返回给用户复杂的内容时，需要借助jinja2模板来实现对模板的处理，即：将模板和数据进行渲染，将渲染后的字符串返回给用户浏览器。
flask是一个微框架，短小精悍，只保留核心的功能，可拓展性极强。
默认情况下，Flask 不包含数据库抽象层、表单验证，或是其它任何已有多种库可以胜任的功能。然而，Flask 支持用扩展来给应用添加这些功能，如同是 Flask 本身实现的一样。众多的扩展提供了数据库集成、表单验证、上传处理、各种各样的开放认证技术等功能。Flask 也许是“微小”的，但它已准备好在需求繁杂的生产环境中投入使用。
from werkzeug.wrappers import Request, Response
@Request.application
def hello(request):
return Response(‘Hello World!‘)
if __name__ == ‘__main__‘:
from werkzeug.serving import run_simple
run_simple(‘localhost‘, 4000, hello)
from flask import Flask
app = Flask(__name__)
@app.route(‘/‘)
def hello():
return ‘Hello World!‘
if __name__ == ‘__main__‘:
app.run()
flask中的配置文件是一个flask.config.Config对象（继承字典）,默认配置为：
{
‘DEBUG‘: get_debug_flag(default=False), 是否开启Debug模式
‘TESTING‘: False, 是否开启测试模式
...
}
方式一：
app.config[‘DEBUG‘] = True
PS: 由于config对象本质上是字典，所以还可以使用app.config.update(...)
方式二：
app.config.from_pyfile("python文件名称")
如：
settings.py
DEBUG = True
app.config.from_pyfile("settings.py")
app.config.from_envvar("环境变量名称")
环境变量的值为python文件名称， 内部调用from_pyfile方法
app.config.from_json("json文件名称")
必须是json格式，因为内部会执行json.loads
app.config.from_mapping({‘DEBUG‘L: True})
字典格式
app.config.from_object("python类或类的路径")
app.config.from_object(‘pro_flask.settings.TestingConfig‘)
settings.py
class Config(object):
DEBUG = False
TESTING = False
DATABASE_URI = ‘sqlite://:memory:‘
class ProductionConfig(Config):
DATABASE_URI = ‘mysql://user@localhost/foo‘
class DevelopmentConfig(Config):
DEBUG = True
class TestingConfig(Config):
TESTING = True
PS: 从sys.path中已经存在路径开始写
PS: settings.py文件默认路径要放在程序root_path目录，如果instance_relative_config为True，则就是instance_path目录
外部文件中:k=v k要大写
# NAME=‘ctz‘
# PWD=‘123‘
class BaseConfig(object):
AA=123456
class TestConfig(BaseConfig):
DB=‘127.0.0.1‘
class DevConfig(BaseConfig):
DB=‘127.0.0.2‘
class ProConfig(BaseConfig):
DB=‘1270.0.0.3‘
from flask import Flask
import settings
app=Flask(__name__)
#方式一
#app.config[‘COOK‘]=‘ctz‘
‘‘‘
settings.py
NAME=‘ctz‘
PWD=‘123‘
‘‘‘
#方式二
#app.config.from_pyfile(‘settings.py‘)
#方式三
# import os
# os.environ[‘FLASK_SETTING‘]=‘settings.py‘
# app.config.from_envvar(‘FLASK_SETTING‘)
#方式四(推荐使用)
app.config.from_object(‘settings.DevConfig‘)
@app.route(‘/index‘,methods=[‘POST‘,‘GET‘],strict_slashes=False)
def index():
print(app.config)
return ‘helloworld‘
if __name__ == ‘__main__‘:
app.run(debug=True)
@app.route(‘/user/<username>‘) @app.route(‘/post/<int:post_id>‘) @app.route(‘/post/<float:post_id>‘) @app.route(‘/post/<path:path>‘) @app.route(‘login‘, methods=[‘GET‘, ‘POST‘])
1.fbv
from flask import Flask # 实例化Flask对象 app = Flask(__name__) # 生成路由关系，并把关系保存到app对象的 url_map字段中 @app.route(‘/xxxx‘) # @decorator def index(): return "Index" if __name__ == ‘__main__‘: # 启动程序，监听用户请求 # 一旦请求到来，执行 app.__call__方法 # 封装用户请求 # 进行路由匹配 app.run()
from flask import Flask # 实例化Flask对象 app = Flask(__name__) def index(): return "index" app.add_url_route(‘/xxxx‘, "n1", index) if __name__ == ‘__main__‘: # 启动程序，监听用户请求 # 一旦请求到来，执行 app.__call__方法 # 封装用户请求 # 进行路由匹配 app.run()
一旦我们使用了endpoint参数，我们在使用url_for()反转的时候就不能使用视图函数的函数名了，而是要用我们定义的url名（就是endpoint传入的名字）
2.cbv
class IndexView(views.View): methods = [‘GET‘] decorators = [auth,] def dispatch_request(self): print(‘Index‘) return ‘Index‘ app.add_url_rule(‘/index‘, view_func=IndexView.as_view(name=‘index‘)) # name参数相当于fbv的endpoint
3.@app.route 和 app.add_url_rule参数
rule, URL规则 view_func, 视图函数名称 defaults=None, 默认值,当URL中无参数，函数需要参数时，使用defaults={‘k‘:‘v‘}为函数提供参数 endpoint=None, 名称，用于反向生成URL，即： url_for(‘名称‘) methods=None, 允许的请求方式，如：["GET","POST"] strict_slashes=None, 对URL最后的 / 符号是否严格要求， 如： @app.route(‘/index‘,strict_slashes=False)， 访问 http://www.xx.com/index/ 或 http://www.xx.com/index均可 @app.route(‘/index‘,strict_slashes=True) 仅访问 http://www.xx.com/index redirect_to=None, 重定向到指定地址 如： @app.route(‘/index/<int:nid>‘, redirect_to=‘/home/<nid>‘) 或 def func(adapter, nid): return "/home/888" @app.route(‘/index/<int:nid>‘, redirect_to=func) subdomain=None, 子域名访问
4.自定义正则路由匹配
from flask import Flask, views, url_for from werkzeug.routing import BaseConverter app = Flask(import_name=__name__) class RegexConverter(BaseConverter): """ 自定义URL匹配正则表达式 """ def __init__(self, map, regex): super(RegexConverter, self).__init__(map) self.regex = regex def to_python(self, value): """ 路由匹配时，匹配成功后传递给视图函数中参数的值 :param value: :return: """ return int(value) def to_url(self, value): """ 使用url_for反向生成URL时，传递的参数经过该方法处理，返回的值用于生成URL中的参数 :param value: :return: """ val = super(RegexConverter, self).to_url(value) return val # 添加到flask中 app.url_map.converters[‘regex‘] = RegexConverter @app.route(‘/index/<regex("\d+"):nid>‘) def index(nid): print(url_for(‘index‘, nid=‘888‘)) return ‘Index‘ if __name__ == ‘__main__‘: app.run()
Flask使用的事Jinja2模板，所以和Django模板语法差不多。
自定义模板方法
from flask import Flask,url_for,request,redirect,render_template,jsonify,make_response,Markup from urllib.parse import urlencode,quote,unquote app = Flask(__name__) def test(a1,a2): return a1+a2 @app.template_global() def sb(a1,a2): return a1 + a2 + 100 @app.template_filter() def db(a1, a2, a3): return a1 + a2 + a3 @app.route(‘/index‘,endpoint=‘xx‘) def index(): v1 = "字符串" v2 = [11,22,33] v3 = {‘k1‘:‘v1‘,‘k2‘:‘v2‘} v4 = Markup("<input type=‘text‘ />") return render_template(‘index.html‘,v1=v1,v2=v2,v3=v3,v4=v4,test=test) if __name__ == ‘__main__‘: # app.__call__ app.run()
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Title</title> </head> <body> <h1>模板</h1> {%block body %} {%endblock%} </body> </html>
{% extends ‘layout.html‘%}
{%block body %}
{{v1}}
<ul>
{% for item in v2 %}
<li>{{item}}</li>
{% endfor %}
</ul>
{{v2.1}}
<ul>
{% for k,v in v3.items() %}
<li>{{k}} {{v}}</li>
{% endfor %}
</ul>
{{v3.k1}}
{{v3.get(‘k1‘)}}
{{v4}}
<!--{{v4|safe}}-->
<h1>{{test(1,19)}}</h1>
{{sb(1,2)}}
{{ 1|db(2,3)}}
{% macro xxxx(name, type=‘text‘, value=‘‘) %}
<input type="{{ type }}" name="{{ name }}" value="{{ value }}">
<input type="{{ type }}" name="{{ name }}" value="{{ value }}">
<input type="{{ type }}" name="{{ name }}" value="{{ value }}">
<input type="{{ type }}" name="{{ name }}" value="{{ value }}">
{% endmacro %}
{{ xxxx(‘n1‘) }}
{%endblock%}
Markup等价django的mark_safe
from flask import Flask from flask import request from flask import render_template from flask import redirect from flask import make_response app = Flask(__name__) @app.route(‘/login.html‘, methods=[‘GET‘, "POST"]) def login(): # 请求相关信息 # request.method # request.args # request.form # request.values # request.cookies # request.headers # request.path # request.full_path # request.script_root # request.url # request.base_url # request.url_root # request.host_url # request.host # request.files # obj = request.files[‘the_file_name‘] # obj.save(‘/var/www/uploads/‘ + secure_filename(f.filename)) # 响应相关信息 # return "字符串" # return render_template(‘html模板路径‘,**{}) # return redirect(‘/index.html‘) # response = make_response(render_template(‘index.html‘)) # response是flask.wrappers.Response类型 # response.delete_cookie(‘key‘) # response.set_cookie(‘key‘, ‘value‘) # response.headers[‘X-Something‘] = ‘A value‘ # return response return "内容" if __name__ == ‘__main__‘: app.run()
模仿django的request.GET.urlencode
from flask import Flask,url_for,request,redirect,render_template,jsonify,make_response from urllib.parse import urlencode,quote,unquote app = Flask(__name__) @app.route(‘/index‘,endpoint=‘xx‘) def index(): from werkzeug.datastructures import ImmutableMultiDict #模仿django的request.urlencode # get_data = request.args # get_dict = get_data.to_dict() # get_dict[‘xx‘] = ‘18‘ # url = urlencode(get_dict) # print(url) # print(request.query_string) # print(request.args) # val = "%E6%8A%8A%E5%87%A0%E4%B8%AA" # print(unquote(val)) # # return "Index" # return "Index" # return redirect() # return render_template() # return jsonify(name=‘alex‘,age=‘18‘) response = make_response(‘xxxxx‘) response.headers[‘xxx‘] = ‘123123‘ return response if __name__ == ‘__main__‘: # app.__call__ app.run()
除请求对象之外，还有一个session对象。它允许你在不同请求间存储特定用户的信息。它是在Cookies的基础上实现的
设置：session[‘username‘] ＝ ‘xxx‘
方法和字典一样。
from flask import Flask, session, redirect, url_for, escape, request app = Flask(__name__) @app.route(‘/‘) def index(): if ‘username‘ in session: return ‘Logged in as %s‘ % escape(session[‘username‘]) return ‘You are not logged in‘ @app.route(‘/login‘, methods=[‘GET‘, ‘POST‘]) def login(): if request.method == ‘POST‘: session[‘username‘] = request.form[‘username‘] return redirect(url_for(‘index‘)) return ‘‘‘ <form action="" method="post"> <input type=text name=username> <input type=submit value=Login> </form> ‘‘‘ @app.route(‘/logout‘) def logout(): # remove the username from the session if it‘s there session.pop(‘username‘, None) return redirect(url_for(‘index‘))
from flask import Flask,session,Session from urllib.parse import urlencode,quote,unquote from werkzeug.local import LocalProxy app = Flask(__name__) app.secret_key =‘sdfsdfsdf‘ app.config[‘SESSION_COOKIE_NAME‘] = ‘session_lvning‘ """ ‘SESSION_COOKIE_NAME‘: ‘session‘, ‘SESSION_COOKIE_DOMAIN‘: None, ‘SESSION_COOKIE_PATH‘: None, ‘SESSION_COOKIE_HTTPONLY‘: True, ‘SESSION_COOKIE_SECURE‘: False, ‘SESSION_REFRESH_EACH_REQUEST‘: True, ‘PERMANENT_SESSION_LIFETIME‘: timedelta(days=31) """ @app.route(‘/index‘,endpoint=‘xx‘) def index(): # session本质上操作的是字典,假设session保存在数据库 # session[‘xxx‘] = 123 # session[‘xx1‘] = 123 # session[‘xx2‘] = 123 # session[‘xx3‘] = 123 # del session[‘xx2‘] session[‘xx3‘] = 123 return "xxx" if __name__ == ‘__main__‘: # app.__call__ app.run()
闪现是基于session实现的，当然用session也可以实现闪现的方法，闪现和session的区别就是 闪现用一次后值就没有了。
from flask import Flask,session,Session,flash,get_flashed_messages,redirect,render_template,request app = Flask(__name__) app.secret_key =‘sdfsdfsdf‘ @app.route(‘/users‘) def users(): # msg = request.args.get(‘msg‘,‘‘) # msg = session.get(‘msg‘) # if msg: # del session[‘msg‘] v = get_flashed_messages() print(v) msg = ‘‘ return render_template(‘users.html‘,msg=msg) @app.route(‘/useradd‘) def user_add(): # 在数据库中添加一条数据 # 假设添加成功，在跳转到列表页面时，显示添加成功 # return redirect(‘/users?msg=添加成功‘) # session[‘msg‘] = ‘添加成功‘ flash(‘添加成功‘) return redirect(‘/users‘) if __name__ == ‘__main__‘: app.run()
from flask import Flask,session,Session,flash,get_flashed_messages,redirect,render_template,request app = Flask(__name__) app.secret_key =‘sdfsdfsdf‘ @app.before_request def process_request1(): print(‘process_request1‘) @app.after_request def process_response1(response): print(‘process_response1‘) return response @app.before_request def process_request2(): print(‘process_request2‘) @app.after_request def process_response2(response): print(‘process_response2‘) return response @app.route(‘/index‘) def index(): print(‘index‘) return ‘Index‘ @app.route(‘/order‘) def order(): print(‘order‘) return ‘order‘ @app.route(‘/test‘) def test(): print(‘test‘) return ‘test‘ if __name__ == ‘__main__‘: app.run()
import pymysql from urllib.parse import urlencode from flask import Flask, render_template, request, session, redirect from utils.pager import Pagination app = Flask(__name__) app.secret_key = ‘ctz123‘ app.config class MysqlCon(object): @classmethod def getCon(cls): con = pymysql.connect(host="localhost", user="root", password="root", database="pro1", charset="utf8") return con VALID_URL = [‘/login‘, ] @app.route(‘/‘) def hello_world(): return ‘Hello World!‘ @app.before_request def peocess_request(): user = session.get(‘user‘) if request.path in VALID_URL: return None if not user: return redirect(‘/login‘) @app.route(‘/login‘, methods=[‘POST‘, ‘GET‘], strict_slashes=False) def login(): if request.method == ‘GET‘: return render_template(‘login.html‘) else: username = request.form.get(‘username‘) pwd = request.form.get(‘pwd‘) con = MysqlCon.getCon() cursor = con.cursor(cursor=pymysql.cursors.DictCursor) sql_user = ‘select * from userinfo where username=%s and pwd=%s‘ cursor.execute(sql_user, [username, pwd]) cursor.close() con.close() user = cursor.fetchone() if user: session[‘user‘] = {‘username‘: username, ‘pwd‘: pwd} return redirect(‘/userlist‘) else: return render_template(‘login.html‘, msg=‘用户名或密码错误‘) @app.route(‘/userlist‘, methods=[‘POST‘, ‘GET‘], strict_slashes=False) def userlist(): con = MysqlCon.getCon() cursor = con.cursor(cursor=pymysql.cursors.DictCursor) sql_list = ‘select * from userinfo‘ cursor.execute(sql_list) userlist = cursor.fetchall() current_page = request.args.get(‘page‘, 1) total_count = len(userlist) cursor.close() con.close() base_url = request.path parmas = request.args.to_dict() pageObj = Pagination(current_page, total_count, base_url, parmas) per_page_list = userlist[pageObj.start:pageObj.end] return render_template(‘list.html‘, userlist=per_page_list, pageObj=pageObj) @app.route(‘/adduser‘, methods=[‘GET‘, ‘POST‘], strict_slashes=False) def addUser(): if request.method == ‘GET‘: return render_template(‘addUser.html‘) else: username = request.form.get(‘username‘) pwd = request.form.get(‘pwd‘) age = request.form.get(‘age‘) email = request.form.get(‘email‘) print(username, pwd, age, email) con = MysqlCon.getCon() cursor = con.cursor(cursor=pymysql.cursors.DictCursor) sql = ‘insert into userinfo(username,pwd,age,email)values(%s,%s,%s,%s)‘ cursor.execute(sql, [username, pwd, age, email]) con.commit() cursor.close() con.close() return redirect(‘/userlist‘) @app.route(‘/edituser/<int:sid>‘, methods=[‘GET‘, ‘POST‘]) def editUser(sid): if request.method == ‘GET‘: con = MysqlCon.getCon() cursor = con.cursor(cursor=pymysql.cursors.DictCursor) sql = ‘select * from userinfo where id=%s‘ cursor.execute(sql, [sid, ]) user = cursor.fetchone() cursor.close() con.close() return render_template(‘editUser.html‘, user=user) else: parmars = urlencode(request.args.to_dict()) con = MysqlCon.getCon() cursor = con.cursor(cursor=pymysql.cursors.DictCursor) username = request.form.get(‘username‘) pwd = request.form.get(‘pwd‘) age = request.form.get(‘age‘) email = request.form.get(‘email‘) sql = ‘update userinfo set username=%s,pwd=%s,age=%s,email=%s where id=%s‘ cursor.execute(sql, [username, pwd, age, email, sid]) con.commit() cursor.close() con.close() return redirect(‘%s?%s‘ % (‘/userlist‘, parmars)) @app.route(‘/deluser/<int:sid>‘, methods=[‘POST‘, ‘GET‘]) def delUser(sid): con = MysqlCon.getCon() cursor = con.cursor(cursor=pymysql.cursors.DictCursor) sql = ‘delete from userinfo where id=%s‘ cursor.execute(sql, [sid, ]) con.commit() cursor.close() con.close() parmars = urlencode(request.args.to_dict()) return redirect(‘%s?%s‘ % (‘/userlist‘, parmars)) if __name__ == ‘__main__‘: app.run(debug=True)
目录结构
import fcrm if __name__ == ‘__main__‘: fcrm.app.run(port=8001)
from flask import Flask from .views import account from .views import order app = Flask(__name__) print(app.root_path) app.register_blueprint(account.account) app.register_blueprint(order.order)
from flask import Blueprint,render_template account = Blueprint(‘account‘,__name__,) @account.route(‘/login‘) def login(): # return ‘Login‘ return render_template(‘login.html‘)
from flask import Blueprint order = Blueprint(‘order‘,__name__) @order.route(‘/order‘) def login(): return ‘Order‘
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Title</title> </head> <body> <h1>登录页面</h1> </body> </html>
标签：onclick product 情况下 flag 语法 man _id sage testing
原文地址：https://www.cnblogs.com/Xuuuuuu/p/12070087.html
