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机器学习实战---K-近邻

时间:2020-06-04 19:39:06      阅读:65      评论:0      收藏:0      [点我收藏+]

标签:rate   from   create   err   turn   矩阵   EDA   pre   ini   

一:简单实现K-近邻算法

(一)导入数据

import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import pandas as pd

def CreateDataSet():
    data = np.array([[1.0,1.1],[1.0,1.0],[0,0],[0,0.1]])
    labels = np.array([A,A,B,B])
    return data,labels

data,labels = CreateDataSet()
print(data)
print(labels)

技术图片

plt.figure()
plt.scatter(data[:,0],data[:,1],c="b")
for i in range(data.shape[0]):
    plt.text(data[i,0]+0.02,data[i,1],labels[i])
plt.show()

技术图片

(二)实现KNN算法

def KNNClassfy(preData,dataSet,labels,k):
    distance = np.sum(np.power(dataSet - preData,2),1)  #注意:这里我们不进行开方,可以少算一次
    sortDistIdx = np.argsort(distance,0)  #小到大排序,获取索引
    labels_idx = {}
    for i in range(k):  #获取分类
        idx = sortDistIdx[i] #获取索引
        label = labels[idx] #获取标签
        labels_idx[label] = labels_idx.get(label,0)+1
    labels_sort = sorted(labels_idx.items(),key=lambda x:x[1],reverse=True)
    return labels_sort[0][0]  #获取最大可能分类

(三)结果测试

preData = np.array([0,0.3])
preLab = KNNClassfy(preData,data,labels,3)
print(preLab)

技术图片

二:使用KNN算法分析喜好---多维 

(一)读取数据

技术图片
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36851    3.812387    0.655245    1
36669    11.056784    0.378725    3
38876    8.826880    1.002328    3
26878    11.173861    1.478244    3
46246    11.506465    0.421993    3
12761    7.798138    0.147917    3
35282    10.155081    1.370039    3
68306    10.645275    0.693453    1
31262    9.663200    1.521541    3
34754    10.790404    1.312679    3
13408    2.810534    0.219962    2
30365    9.825999    1.388500    3
10709    1.421316    0.677603    2
24332    11.123219    0.809107    3
45517    13.402206    0.661524    3
6178    1.212255    0.836807    2
10639    1.568446    1.297469    2
29613    3.343473    1.312266    1
22392    5.400155    0.193494    1
51126    3.818754    0.590905    1
53644    7.973845    0.307364    3
51417    9.078824    0.734876    3
24859    0.153467    0.766619    1
61732    8.325167    0.028479    1
71128    7.092089    1.216733    1
27276    5.192485    1.094409    3
30453    10.340791    1.087721    3
18670    2.077169    1.019775    2
70600    10.151966    0.993105    1
12683    0.046826    0.809614    2
81597    11.221874    1.395015    1
69959    14.497963    1.019254    1
8124    3.554508    0.533462    2
18867    3.522673    0.086725    2
80886    14.531655    0.380172    1
55895    3.027528    0.885457    1
31587    1.845967    0.488985    1
10591    10.226164    0.804403    3
70096    10.965926    1.212328    1
53151    2.129921    1.477378    1
11992    0.000000    1.606849    2
33114    9.489005    0.827814    3
7413    0.000000    1.020797    2
10583    0.000000    1.270167    2
58668    6.556676    0.055183    1
35018    9.959588    0.060020    3
70843    7.436056    1.479856    1
14011    0.404888    0.459517    2
35015    9.952942    1.650279    3
70839    15.600252    0.021935    1
3024    2.723846    0.387455    2
5526    0.513866    1.323448    2
5113    0.000000    0.861859    2
20851    7.280602    1.438470    2
40999    9.161978    1.110180    3
15823    0.991725    0.730979    2
35432    7.398380    0.684218    3
53711    12.149747    1.389088    3
64371    9.149678    0.874905    1
9289    9.666576    1.370330    2
60613    3.620110    0.287767    1
18338    5.238800    1.253646    2
22845    14.715782    1.503758    3
74676    14.445740    1.211160    1
34143    13.609528    0.364240    3
14153    3.141585    0.424280    2
9327    0.000000    0.120947    2
18991    0.454750    1.033280    2
9193    0.510310    0.016395    2
2285    3.864171    0.616349    2
9493    6.724021    0.563044    2
2371    4.289375    0.012563    2
13963    0.000000    1.437030    2
2299    3.733617    0.698269    2
5262    2.002589    1.380184    2
4659    2.502627    0.184223    2
17582    6.382129    0.876581    2
27750    8.546741    0.128706    3
9868    2.694977    0.432818    2
18333    3.951256    0.333300    2
3780    9.856183    0.329181    2
18190    2.068962    0.429927    2
11145    3.410627    0.631838    2
68846    9.974715    0.669787    1
26575    10.650102    0.866627    3
48111    9.134528    0.728045    3
43757    7.882601    1.332446    3
datingTestSet2.txt
data = np.loadtxt("datingTestSet2.txt",delimiter=\t) #读取数据
hob_data = data[:,:-1]
hob_labels = data[:,-1]

(二)归一化处理

def dataNorm(data): #归一化操作
    mn = np.mean(data,0)
    sigma = np.std(data,0,ddof=0)
    return (data - mn)/sigma,mn,sigma

(三)简单划分训练集,测试集

#划分测试集和训练集数据
hoRatio = 0.4 #测试集比例
m = hob_labels.size
m_test = int(hob_labels.size*hoRatio)

hob_data_norm,mn,sigma = dataNorm(hob_data)
#获取训练集数据
X = hob_data_norm[:m-m_test,:]
y = hob_labels[:m-m_test]
#获取测试集数据
X_test = hob_data_norm[m-m_test:m,:]
y_test = hob_labels[m-m_test:m]

(四)进行测试,获取错误率

#进行测试
error_count = 0

for i in range(y_test.size):
    clf = KNNClassfy(X_test[i],X,y,3)
    if clf != y_test[i]:
        error_count = error_count + 1
        
    print("{} --- {}".format(clf,y_test[i]))
    
print("error rate is:",error_count/y_test.size)

技术图片

(五)进行预测

#进行预测
resultList = [not at all,in small doses,in large doses]
hb_1 = float(input("爱好一:"))
hb_2 = float(input("爱好二:"))
hb_3 = float(input("爱好三:"))
preData = np.array([[hb_1,hb_2,hb_3]])
preData_norm = ((preData - mn)/sigma).flatten()

技术图片

clf = KNNClassfy(preData_norm,hob_data_norm,hob_labels,3)
print("喜欢程度:{}".format(resultList[int(clf)-1]))

技术图片

三:手写数字识别

(一)数据展示

数据存放形式:比如7,是32*32像素

技术图片

文件存放形式:_前面是数字,_后面表示是该数字的第几种形式

技术图片

(二)数据读取---将图像转向量

from os import listdir
import codecs

#将每一个数字文件转换为矩阵向量
def image2Vector(filename):
    data = []
    with codecs.open(filename,r) as fp:
        for i in range(32):
            linestr = fp.readline() #读取一行数据
            for j in range(32):
                data.append(int(linestr[j])) #添加数据
        fp.close()
    return np.array(data)

(三)获取训练集和测试集

#获取数据集
def getDataSet(path):
    #读取数据
    hwLabels = []
    filelist = listdir(path) #获取所有文件目录
    m = len(filelist)
    data = np.zeros((m,1024))

    #先获取标签值
    for i in range(m):
        filename = filelist[i]
        hwLabels.append(int(filename.split(_)[0])) #添加标签值
        data[i,:] = image2Vector("%s/%s"%(path,filename))
        
    return data,hwLabels
#获取训练集
data,labels = getDataSet("trainingDigits")

#获取测试集
data_test,labels_test = getDataSet("testDigits")
print(data_test.shape)

(三)实现KNN,改变部分

def KNNClassfy(preData,dataSet,labels,k):
    distance = np.sum(np.power(dataSet - preData,2),1)  #注意:这里我们不进行开方,可以少算一次
    sortDistIdx = np.argsort(distance,0)  #小到大排序,获取索引
    labels_idx = {}
    for i in range(k):  #获取分类
        idx = sortDistIdx[i] #获取索引
        label = labels[idx] #获取标签
        labels_idx[label] = labels_idx.get(label,0)
    labels_sort = sorted(labels_idx.items(),key=lambda x:x[1],reverse=True)
    return labels_sort[0][0]  #获取最大可能分类

(四)结果测试

#进行测试
error_count = 0
for i in range(data_test.shape[0]):
    clf = KNNClassfy(data_test[i,:],data,labels,3)
    if clf != labels_test[i]:
        error_count += 1
print(error_count)
print("{} {}".format(error_count,error_count/data_test.shape[0]))

技术图片

机器学习实战---K-近邻

标签:rate   from   create   err   turn   矩阵   EDA   pre   ini   

原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/ssyfj/p/13045457.html

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