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系统结构总结

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<title>系统结构复习</title>
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<body><h1 id=‘系统结构复习‘>系统结构复习</h1>
<blockquote><p>考试题型:</p>
<p>选择题:15*1=15分</p>
<p>填空题:15*1=15分</p>
<p>简答题:5*3=15分</p>
<p>综合题:55分</p>
</blockquote>
<h2 id=‘第一章计算机系统结构导论‘>第一章:<strong>计算机系统结构导论</strong></h2>
<blockquote><p><strong>计</strong>算机系统结构、计算机组成、计算机实现所包含的内容(选择);计算机系统设计思路(填空、选择);系列机和兼容机的概念(选择、填空);计算机系统设计步骤(选择、填空);计算机的层次结构(选择);计算机系统结构的定义(实质)(选择);计算机系统结构、计算机组成、计算机实现三者之间的区别和联系(简答、选择);软、硬件取舍原则(简答、选择);解决软件可移植性的方法(选择、填空);透明性的定义和判断(选择);CPU 性能公式;Amdahl 定律(计算);程序访问的局部性原理(填空、简答);并行性的概念和分类(简答、选择、填空);Flynn 分类(选择、填空);冯氏分类法(选择、填空);系统结构中开发并行性的途径(填空、选择、简答)和耦合度(填空、选择)等。</p>
</blockquote>
<h3 id=‘一)选填-1‘><strong>(一)选填:</strong></h3>
<ul>
<li><h4 id=‘计算机系统结构计算机组成计算机实现所包含的内容‘><strong>计</strong>算机系统结构、计算机组成、计算机实现所包含的内容</h4>
</li>

</ul>
<blockquote><p>1、计算机系统结构定义:对计算机系统内各机器级的界面进行划分和定义,以及对界面上下功能进行分配。</p>
<p>2、计算机组成:负责计算机系统结构的逻辑实现,机器级内的数据流和控制流的组成以及逻辑实现。</p>
<p>包括内容:</p>
<p>数据通路宽度、专用部件的设置、各操作对部件的共享程度、功能部件的并行度、控制机构的组织方式、缓冲、排队技术、预估、预判技术、可靠性技术等等</p>
<p>3、计算机实现:计算机组成的物理实现。主要研究器件技术和微组装技术</p>
</blockquote>
<p>例:以下<strong>不属于</strong>计算机系统结构研究内容的是(C )</p>
<blockquote><p>寻址方式
中断分类和优先级
数据通路宽度(√)
是否设置某一条指令</p>
</blockquote>
<blockquote><p>答:数据通路宽度属于计算机组成的内容。</p>
</blockquote>
<ul>
<li><h4 id=‘计算机系统设计思路‘>计算机系统设计思路</h4>
</li>

</ul>
<blockquote><p>1、由上往下设计:</p>
<p>直接从应用开始,从上向下实现,并优化上层。</p>
<p>优点:面向用户、效率高</p>
<p>缺点:适应性差、周期长、软硬分离</p>
<p>应用:专业机的设计(早期设计)</p>
<p>2、由下往上设计:</p>
<p>根据器件等自身情况设计硬件,根据要求配置软件各层</p>
<p>优点:可以设计通用计算机</p>
<p>缺点:软件被动,硬件无法改变,二者脱节;性能指标不明确;效率低</p>
<p>应用:通用机的设计(早期设计)</p>
<p>3、从中间开始设计:</p>
<p>先定义好软硬件的交界面,然后同时进行软硬件设计。</p>
<p>优点:功能分配合理、缩短了研究周期、交互式设计</p>
<p>缺点:对设计人员的软硬件要求更高、设计周期长、需有效的设计环境和开发工具支持</p>
<p>应用场景:系列机的设计</p>
</blockquote>
<ul>
<li><h4 id=‘系列机和兼容机的概念‘>系列机和兼容机的概念</h4>
</li>

</ul>
<p><img src="/Users/georgegao/Library/Application Support/typora-user-images/image-20210603193638972.png" alt="image-20210603193638972" style="zoom:50%;" /></p>
<blockquote><p>系列机之间的CA(计算机系统结构)相同。组成、实现上有所不同。</p>
</blockquote>
<p><img src="/Users/georgegao/Library/Application Support/typora-user-images/image-20210603193720608.png" alt="image-20210603193720608" style="zoom:50%;" /></p>
<blockquote><p>注意此处“向前”、“向后”、“向上”、“向下”兼容的定义</p>
</blockquote>
<p>例:系列机软件兼容必须做到向( )兼容,尽可能争取向( )兼容</p>
<blockquote><p>后、上</p>
</blockquote>
<ul>
<li><h4 id=‘计算机系统设计步骤‘>计算机系统设计步骤</h4>
</li>

</ul>
<blockquote><p>1、确定软硬件的交界面、分配软硬件各级界面的功能</p>
<p>2、需求分析,分析在应用环境、所用语言的特性和种类,对os的特殊要求;外设特性需求、技术经济指标、市场分析等方面</p>
<p>3、需求说明,主要设计准则、功能说明、器件性能说明</p>
<p>4、概念性设计,进行软硬件功能分析,确定机器级界面</p>
<p>5、具体设计,机器级界面的确切定义、考虑多方案</p>
<p>6、反复进行优化设计及评价</p>
</blockquote>
<ul>
<li><h4 id=‘计算机的层次结构‘>计算机的层次结构</h4>
</li>

</ul>
<p><img src="/Users/georgegao/Library/Application Support/typora-user-images/image-20210603191632018.png" alt="image-20210603191632018" style="zoom:50%;" /></p>
<ul>
<li><h4 id=‘计算机系统结构的定义实质)‘>计算机系统结构的定义(实质)</h4>
</li>

</ul>
<p><img src="/Users/georgegao/Library/Application Support/typora-user-images/image-20210603195614688.png" alt="image-20210603195614688" style="zoom:50%;" /></p>
<ul>
<li><h4 id=‘解决软件可移植性的方法‘>解决软件可移植性的方法</h4>
</li>

</ul>
<p><img src="/Users/georgegao/Library/Application Support/typora-user-images/image-20210604162219784.png" alt="image-20210604162219784" style="zoom:67%;" /></p>
<blockquote><p>1、统一高级语言</p>
<p>指的是采用与硬件平台无关的设计语言标准</p>
<p>存在的问题:</p>
<p>(1)不同的高级语言之间的语义、语法结构不同</p>
<p>(2)对语言的基本结构没有透彻和统一的认识,如Goto语句不一致</p>
<p>(3)不同语言在机器上不完全通用</p>
<p>因此这种方法实现很困难,但是不失为发展方向。限定在一部分语言,只能在一定范围内进行统一</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>2、采用系列机思想:</p>
<p>指的是统一汇编语言、机器语言(不统一高级语言)</p>
<p>系列机之间,有相同的CA,但是组成、实现不同。通常是同一厂家生产的不同型号的机器(如IBM360和IBM370)</p>
<p>优点:和“从中间设计”的思路吻合</p>
<p>缺点:与硬件的迅速发展矛盾</p>
</blockquote>
<p><img src="/Users/georgegao/Library/Application Support/typora-user-images/image-20210604162919602.png" alt="image-20210604162919602" style="zoom:50%;" /></p>
<blockquote><p>3、模拟:</p>
<p>用 <u>软件方法</u> 在机器A上模拟机器B的CA,A拥有B的指令系统</p>
<p>实现方法:用A机器的机器语言解释实现B机的方法</p>
<p>被模拟的B机----虚拟机,模拟的A机----宿主机</p>
<p>缺点:程序复杂费时、速度较低、实时性差不能被硬件直接执行</p>
<p>优点:灵活性比较高,可以用在不同的系统间</p>
<p>机器要求:A与B的机器差别不大,A上有B的指令系统</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>4、仿真:(相当于模拟的改进,但少一重解释)</p>
<p>用 <u>微程序的办法</u> 去解释另一机器的指令系统的办法</p>
<p>和模拟的区别:速度快,机器可以频繁使用指令。</p>
<p>但是也无法仿真存储系统,CA差别大的机器之间</p>
</blockquote>
<p><img src="/Users/georgegao/Library/Application Support/typora-user-images/image-20210603193950059.png" alt="image-20210603193950059" style="zoom:50%;" /></p>
<p>例:不同系列的机器间,实现软件移植的途径不包括()</p>
<blockquote><p>用统一的高级语言
用统一的汇编语言(√)
模拟
仿真</p>
</blockquote>
<p>例:为了在不同系统结构的机器间实现软件移植,可以采用()和()方法。</p>
<blockquote><p>模拟、仿真</p>
</blockquote>
<ul>
<li><h4 id=‘透明性的定义和判断‘>透明性的定义和判断</h4>
</li>

</ul>
<p><img src="/Users/georgegao/Library/Application Support/typora-user-images/image-20210603192632823.png" alt="image-20210603192632823" style="zoom:50%;" /></p>
<ul>
<li><h4 id=‘flynn-分类‘>Flynn 分类</h4>
</li>

</ul>
<p><img src="/Users/georgegao/Library/Application Support/typora-user-images/image-20210603195445958.png" alt="image-20210603195445958" style="zoom:50%;" /></p>
<p><img src="/Users/georgegao/Library/Application Support/typora-user-images/image-20210603195339375.png" referrerpolicy="no-referrer" alt="image-20210603195339375"></p>
<ul>
<li><h4 id=‘冯氏分类法‘>冯氏分类法</h4>
</li>

</ul>
<p><img src="/Users/georgegao/Library/Application Support/typora-user-images/image-20210603195511331.png" alt="image-20210603195511331" style="zoom:50%;" /></p>
<h3 id=‘二)简答-1‘>(二)简答:</h3>
<ul>
<li><h4 id=‘计算机系统结构计算机组成计算机实现三者之间的区别和联系简答选择)‘>计算机系统结构、计算机组成、计算机实现三者之间的区别和联系(简答、选择)</h4>
</li>

</ul>
<p><img src="/Users/georgegao/Library/Application Support/typora-user-images/image-20210603192512027.png" alt="image-20210603192512027" style="zoom:50%;" /></p>
<p><img src="/Users/georgegao/Library/Application Support/typora-user-images/image-20210603192539042.png" alt="image-20210603192539042" style="zoom:50%;" /></p>
<ul>
<li><h4 id=‘软硬件取舍原则简答选择)‘>软、硬件取舍原则(简答、选择)</h4>
</li>

</ul>
<p><img src="/Users/georgegao/Library/Application Support/typora-user-images/image-20210603192943833.png" alt="image-20210603192943833" style="zoom:50%;" /></p>
<p><img src="/Users/georgegao/Library/Application Support/typora-user-images/image-20210603193002508.png" alt="image-20210603193002508" style="zoom:50%;" /></p>
<p><img src="/Users/georgegao/Library/Application Support/typora-user-images/image-20210603193024892.png" alt="image-20210603193024892" style="zoom:50%;" /></p>
<p><img src="/Users/georgegao/Library/Application Support/typora-user-images/image-20210603193049921.png" alt="image-20210603193049921" style="zoom:50%;" /></p>
<ul>
<li><h4 id=‘程序访问的局部性原理填空简答)‘>程序访问的局部性原理(填空、简答)</h4>
</li>

</ul>
<p><img src="/Users/georgegao/Library/Application Support/typora-user-images/image-20210603200250583.png" alt="image-20210603200250583" style="zoom:50%;" /></p>
<ul>
<li><h4 id=‘并行性的概念和分类简答选择填空)‘>并行性的概念和分类(简答、选择、填空)</h4>
</li>

</ul>
<p><img src="/Users/georgegao/Library/Application Support/typora-user-images/image-20210603194430514.png" alt="image-20210603194430514" style="zoom:50%;" /></p>
<blockquote><h5 id=‘并行性的分类‘>并行性的分类:</h5>
<p>(1)从处理数据角度:
位串字串----位并字串----位片串字并----全并行</p>
<p>(2)从计算信息加工的各个步骤和阶段来看 </p>
<p>存储器操作并行----例:单体多字-并行存储器、多体多字-相联存储器</p>
<p>处理器操作步骤并行----例:流水处理机</p>
<h5 id=‘处理器操作并行----例并行处理机‘>处理器操作并行----例:并行处理机</h5>
<p>指令、任务、作业并行---- 例:无</p>
</blockquote>
<h5 id=‘例阵列机开发并行性的途径是-)开发的是并行性中的-)性‘>例:阵列机开发并行性的途径是( ),开发的是并行性中的( )性。</h5>
<blockquote><h5 id=‘资源重复同时2‘>资源重复、同时2</h5>
</blockquote>
<ul>
<li><h4 id=‘系统结构中开发并行性的途径和耦合度‘>系统结构中开发并行性的途径和耦合度</h4>
</li>

</ul>
<p><img src="/Users/georgegao/Library/Application Support/typora-user-images/image-20210603194941113.png" alt="image-20210603194941113" style="zoom:50%;" /></p>
<p><img src="/Users/georgegao/Library/Application Support/typora-user-images/image-20210603194958240.png" alt="image-20210603194958240" style="zoom:50%;" /></p>
<h5 id=‘详见第三章)‘>(详见第三章)</h5>
<p><img src="/Users/georgegao/Library/Application Support/typora-user-images/image-20210603195017675.png" alt="image-20210603195017675" style="zoom:50%;" /></p>
<p><img src="/Users/georgegao/Library/Application Support/typora-user-images/image-20210603195039307.png" alt="image-20210603195039307" style="zoom:50%;" /></p>
<h3 id=‘三)解答-1‘>(三)解答:</h3>
<ul>
<li><h4 id=‘cpu-性能公式amdahl-定律计算)‘>CPU 性能公式;Amdahl 定律(计算)</h4>
</li>

</ul>
<p><img src="/Users/georgegao/Library/Application Support/typora-user-images/image-20210603193205189.png" alt="image-20210603193205189" style="zoom:50%;" /></p>
<p><img src="/Users/georgegao/Library/Application Support/typora-user-images/image-20210603193247543.png" alt="image-20210603193247543" style="zoom:50%;" /></p>
<p>例:</p>
<p><img src="/Users/georgegao/Library/Application Support/typora-user-images/image-20210603193308712.png" alt="image-20210603193308712" style="zoom:50%;" /></p>
<p>例:</p>
<p><img src="/Users/georgegao/Library/Application Support/typora-user-images/image-20210603200347454.png" alt="image-20210603200347454" style="zoom:50%;" /></p>
<p>例:</p>
<p><img src="/Users/georgegao/Library/Application Support/typora-user-images/image-20210603200418919.png" alt="image-20210603200418919" style="zoom:50%;" /></p>
<p><img src="/Users/georgegao/Library/Application Support/typora-user-images/image-20210603200436456.png" alt="image-20210603200436456" style="zoom:50%;" /></p>
<p><img src="/Users/georgegao/Library/Application Support/typora-user-images/image-20210603200451891.png" alt="image-20210603200451891" style="zoom:50%;" /></p>
<h2 id=‘第二章指令系统‘>第二章:指令系统</h2>
<blockquote><p>指令系统的优化设计的两个截然相反的方向;RISC 的基本原则和快的实质(简答、选择);RISC 采用的基本技术(简答、选择);重叠寄存器窗口(选择)</p>
</blockquote>
<h3 id=‘一)选填-2‘>(一)选填:</h3>
<ul>
<li><h4 id=‘指令系统的优化设计的两个截然相反的方向‘>指令系统的优化设计的两个截然相反的方向</h4>
</li>

</ul>
<blockquote><p>复杂指令操作系统:CISC</p>
<p>增强原有指令的功能,用复杂指令替代部分软件功能</p>
<p>精简指令操作系统:RISC</p>
<p>减少指令的功能和总数,降低硬件设计的复杂性</p>
</blockquote>
<p>例:对CISC指令系统,可以面向()、() 、() 三个方面进行优化,实现改进指令集。</p>
<blockquote><p>目标程序、高级语言、操作系统</p>
</blockquote>
<ul>
<li><h4 id=‘重叠寄存器窗口技术‘>重叠寄存器窗口技术</h4>
</li>

</ul>
<p><img src="/Users/georgegao/Library/Application Support/typora-user-images/image-20210603201023206.png" alt="image-20210603201023206" style="zoom:50%;" /></p>
<p>例:RISC采用重叠寄存器窗口技术,从而大大减少了( )。</p>
<blockquote><p>程序调用引起的访存次数</p>
</blockquote>
<ul>
<li>延迟转移技术:</li>

</ul>
<p><img src="/Users/georgegao/Library/Application Support/typora-user-images/image-20210603201159987.png" alt="image-20210603201159987" style="zoom:50%;" /></p>
<p><img src="/Users/georgegao/Library/Application Support/typora-user-images/image-20210603201213932.png" alt="image-20210603201213932" style="zoom:50%;" /></p>
<h3 id=‘二)简答-2‘>(二)简答:</h3>
<ul>
<li><h4 id=‘risc-的基本原则和快的实质‘>RISC 的基本原则和快的实质</h4>
</li>

</ul>
<p><img src="/Users/georgegao/Library/Application Support/typora-user-images/image-20210603201332848.png" alt="image-20210603201332848" style="zoom:50%;" /></p>
<p><img src="/Users/georgegao/Library/Application Support/typora-user-images/image-20210603200836129.png" alt="image-20210603200836129" style="zoom:50%;" /></p>
<p>例:RISC执行程序的速度比CISC快的根本原因是( )</p>
<blockquote><p>减少CPI</p>
</blockquote>
<p>例:以下<strong>不属于</strong>RISC的基本原则的是( )</p>
<blockquote><p>尽量增加指令的寻址方式种类(√)</p>
<p>确定指令系统时,只选择使用频度高的那些指令,适当增加少量能有效支持操作系统和高级语言实现及其他功能的指令</p>
<p>大多数指令使用硬联控制实现</p>
<p>所有指令都在一个机器周期内完成</p>
</blockquote>
<ul>
<li><h4 id=‘risc-采用的基本技术‘>RISC 采用的基本技术</h4>
</li>

</ul>
<p><img src="/Users/georgegao/Library/Application Support/typora-user-images/image-20210603201352552.png" alt="image-20210603201352552" style="zoom:50%;" /></p>
<h2 id=‘第三章流水线结构‘>第三章:流水线结构</h2>
<blockquote><p>重叠和顺序解释的异同(简答、选择);重叠和流水概念及工作原理(选择);一次重叠、二次重叠的概念(选择);先行控制方式;重叠对组成的要求(简答、选择);重叠相关的两种解决方案并就其原因用系统设计原理作出解释(选择、填空、简答);几种相关的判断及解决方法(选择、填空);流水线分类(选择、填空);流水线特点(选择);解决影响流水线瓶颈的方法(选择、填空);流水线性能分析(会画时空图及计算);流水线的相关处理(选择、填空)、异步流水线和同步流水线及可能出现的相关(选择、填空);指令级高度并行的超级处理机(填空、选择)</p>
</blockquote>
<h3 id=‘一)选填-3‘>(一)选填:</h3>
<ul>
<li><h4 id=‘重叠和流水概念及工作原理‘>重叠和流水概念及工作原理</h4>
</li>

</ul>
<p><img src="/Users/georgegao/Library/Application Support/typora-user-images/image-20210603212157898.png" alt="image-20210603212157898" style="zoom:50%;" /></p>
<p><img src="/Users/georgegao/Library/Application Support/typora-user-images/image-20210603212751862.png" alt="image-20210603212751862" style="zoom:50%;" /></p>
<p><img src="/Users/georgegao/Library/Application Support/typora-user-images/image-20210603212834298.png" alt="image-20210603212834298" style="zoom:50%;" /></p>
<p><img src="/Users/georgegao/Library/Application Support/typora-user-images/image-20210603212857281.png" alt="image-20210603212857281" style="zoom:50%;" /></p>
<p>例:关于重叠解释错误的是( )</p>
<blockquote><p>一条指令解释时间会减少</p>
</blockquote>
<p>例:流水线处理机并行性采用的开发途径是( )。</p>
<blockquote><p>时间重叠(√)
资源重复(X)
资源共享(X)</p>
</blockquote>
<p>例:流水线的工作阶段可分为()、()和()。</p>
<blockquote><p>建立、满载、排空</p>
</blockquote>
<ul>
<li><h4 id=‘一次重叠二次重叠的概念‘>一次重叠、二次重叠的概念</h4>
</li>

</ul>
<p><img src="/Users/georgegao/Library/Application Support/typora-user-images/image-20210603212228538.png" referrerpolicy="no-referrer" alt="image-20210603212228538"></p>
<p>例:关于一次重叠工作方式说法正确的是( )</p>
<blockquote><p>实现了“分析”、“执行”操作并行</p>
</blockquote>
<ul>
<li><h4 id=‘几种相关的判断及解决方法‘>几种相关的判断及解决方法</h4>
</li>

</ul>
<p><img src="/Users/georgegao/Library/Application Support/typora-user-images/image-20210603212453805.png" alt="image-20210603212453805" style="zoom:50%;" /></p>
<p><img src="/Users/georgegao/Library/Application Support/typora-user-images/image-20210603212513226.png" alt="image-20210603212513226" style="zoom:50%;" /></p>
<p><img src="/Users/georgegao/Library/Application Support/typora-user-images/image-20210603212530140.png" alt="image-20210603212530140" style="zoom:50%;" /></p>
<p><img src="/Users/georgegao/Library/Application Support/typora-user-images/image-20210603212553513.png" alt="image-20210603212553513" style="zoom:50%;" /></p>
<p><img src="/Users/georgegao/Library/Application Support/typora-user-images/image-20210603212608650.png" alt="image-20210603212608650" style="zoom:50%;" /></p>
<p><img src="/Users/georgegao/Library/Application Support/typora-user-images/image-20210603212623465.png" alt="image-20210603212623465" style="zoom:50%;" /></p>
<p><img src="/Users/georgegao/Library/Application Support/typora-user-images/image-20210603212647903.png" alt="image-20210603212647903" style="zoom:50%;" /></p>
<p><img src="/Users/georgegao/Library/Application Support/typora-user-images/image-20210603212700423.png" alt="image-20210603212700423" style="zoom:50%;" /></p>
<p>例:主存空间数相关采用解决方法( )</p>
<blockquote><p>推后“分析k+1”的读</p>
</blockquote>
<p>例:通用寄存器数相关采用的方法是( )</p>
<blockquote><p>设置相关专用通路</p>
</blockquote>
<ul>
<li><h4 id=‘流水线分类‘>流水线分类</h4>
</li>

</ul>
<blockquote><p>1、依据向下扩展和向上扩展思路,可分类出在计算机系统不同等级上使用的流水线:</p>
<p>向下扩展:子过程细分</p>
<p>向上扩展:多个处理机之间进行流水</p>
<p>2、按流水处理的级别:</p>
<p>部件级(操作流水线),如浮点加法器流水线</p>
<p>处理机级,指令流水线 (Instruction Pipelining)
例如:在采用先行控制器的处理机中,各功能部件之间的流水线</p>
<p>系统级:宏流水线 (Macro Pipelining) 每个处理机对同一个数据流的不同部分分别进行处理</p>
<p>3、按功能多少</p>
<p>单功能:只能完成一种固定功能的流水线</p>
<p>多功能:流水线的各段通过不同连接实现不同功能</p>
<p>4、按多功能的连接方式</p>
<p>静态:同一段时间内,多功能流水线中的各个功能段只能按照一种固定的方式连接,实现一种固定的功能。</p>
<p>动态:在同一段时间内,多功能流水线中的各段可以按照不同的方式连接,同时执行多种功能。</p>
<p>5、按数据表示</p>
<p>标量流水:没有向量数据,只能用标量循环方式来对向量、数组进行处理。</p>
<p>向量流水:设置有向量指令和向量运算硬件,能对向量、数组中的各个元素流水地处理。</p>
<p>6、按是否有反馈回路</p>
<p>线性(Linear Pipelining):每个流水段都流过一次,且仅流过一次</p>
<p>非线性(Nonlinear Pipelining):在流水线的某些流水段之间有反馈回路或前馈回路</p>
<p>7、按照控制方式:</p>
<p>同步流水线</p>
<p>异步流水线</p>
<p>顺序流水线与乱序流水线:乱序流水线又称为无序流水线、错序流水线或异步流水线等</p>
</blockquote>
<p><img src="/Users/georgegao/Library/Application Support/typora-user-images/image-20210603213614799.png" alt="image-20210603213614799" style="zoom:50%;" /></p>
<p><img src="/Users/georgegao/Library/Application Support/typora-user-images/image-20210603213630235.png" alt="image-20210603213630235" style="zoom:50%;" /></p>
<p><img src="/Users/georgegao/Library/Application Support/typora-user-images/image-20210603213647541.png" alt="image-20210603213647541" style="zoom:50%;" /></p>
<p>例:以下说法不正确的是( )。</p>
<blockquote><p>单功能流水线可以看作特殊的多功能流水线(√)
动态流水线一定是多功能流水线(√)
单功能流水线一定是静态工作方式(√)
动态流水线只能是单功能流水线(X)</p>
</blockquote>
<p>例:流水线的工作阶段可分为()、()和()。</p>
<blockquote><p>建立、满载、排空</p>
</blockquote>
<p>例:<strong>按流水线是否有反馈回路,流水线分为()</strong>流水线和 ()流水线。 </p>
<blockquote><p>线性、非线性</p>
</blockquote>
<ul>
<li><h4 id=‘流水线特点‘>流水线特点</h4>
</li>

</ul>
<p><img src="/Users/georgegao/Library/Application Support/typora-user-images/image-20210603214010218.png" alt="image-20210603214010218" style="zoom:50%;" /></p>
<p><img src="/Users/georgegao/Library/Application Support/typora-user-images/image-20210603214036017.png" alt="image-20210603214036017" style="zoom:50%;" /></p>
<ul>
<li><h4 id=‘解决影响流水线瓶颈的方法‘>解决影响流水线瓶颈的方法</h4>
</li>

</ul>
<p><img src="/Users/georgegao/Library/Application Support/typora-user-images/image-20210603214152314.png" alt="image-20210603214152314" style="zoom:50%;" /></p>
<ul>
<li><h4 id=‘流水线的相关处理‘>流水线的相关处理</h4>
</li>

</ul>
<p><img src="/Users/georgegao/Library/Application Support/typora-user-images/image-20210603214209695.png" alt="image-20210603214209695" style="zoom:50%;" /></p>
<p><img src="/Users/georgegao/Library/Application Support/typora-user-images/image-20210603214224957.png" alt="image-20210603214224957" style="zoom:50%;" /></p>
<p><img src="/Users/georgegao/Library/Application Support/typora-user-images/image-20210603214237900.png" alt="image-20210603214237900" style="zoom:50%;" /></p>
<p><img src="/Users/georgegao/Library/Application Support/typora-user-images/image-20210603214314479.png" alt="image-20210603214314479" style="zoom:50%;" /></p>
<p><img src="/Users/georgegao/Library/Application Support/typora-user-images/image-20210603214330410.png" alt="image-20210603214330410" style="zoom:50%;" /></p>
<p>例:流水线的转移相关解决方法不包括( )。</p>
<blockquote><p>采取 延迟转移方法(X)
加快短循环程序处理(X)
猜测成功分支(√)
加快和提前形成条件码(X)</p>
</blockquote>
<ul>
<li><h4 id=‘异步流水线和同步流水线及可能出现的相关‘>异步流水线和同步流水线及可能出现的相关</h4>
</li>

</ul>
<p><img src="/Users/georgegao/Library/Application Support/typora-user-images/image-20210603214607494.png" alt="image-20210603214607494" style="zoom:50%;" /></p>
<p><img src="/Users/georgegao/Library/Application Support/typora-user-images/image-20210603214543497.png" alt="image-20210603214543497" style="zoom:50%;" /></p>
<ul>
<li><h4 id=‘指令级高度并行的超级处理机‘>指令级高度并行的超级处理机</h4>
</li>

</ul>
<p><img src="/Users/georgegao/Library/Application Support/typora-user-images/image-20210603214654307.png" alt="image-20210603214654307" style="zoom:50%;" /></p>
<p><img src="/Users/georgegao/Library/Application Support/typora-user-images/image-20210603214725366.png" alt="image-20210603214725366" style="zoom:50%;" /></p>
<p><img src="/Users/georgegao/Library/Application Support/typora-user-images/image-20210603214737607.png" alt="image-20210603214737607" style="zoom:50%;" /></p>
<p><img src="/Users/georgegao/Library/Application Support/typora-user-images/image-20210603214821671.png" alt="image-20210603214821671" style="zoom:50%;" /></p>
<p><img src="/Users/georgegao/Library/Application Support/typora-user-images/image-20210603214832329.png" alt="image-20210603214832329" style="zoom:50%;" /></p>
<p><img src="/Users/georgegao/Library/Application Support/typora-user-images/image-20210603214849683.png" alt="image-20210603214849683" style="zoom:50%;" /></p>
<p><img src="/Users/georgegao/Library/Application Support/typora-user-images/image-20210603214904046.png" alt="image-20210603214904046" style="zoom:50%;" /></p>
<p><img src="/Users/georgegao/Library/Application Support/typora-user-images/image-20210603214922690.png" alt="image-20210603214922690" style="zoom:50%;" /></p>
<p><img src="/Users/georgegao/Library/Application Support/typora-user-images/image-20210603214934695.png" alt="image-20210603214934695" style="zoom:50%;" /></p>
<h3 id=‘二)简答-3‘>(二)简答:</h3>
<ul>
<li><h4 id=‘重叠和顺序解释的异同‘>重叠和顺序解释的异同</h4>
</li>

</ul>
<p><img src="/Users/georgegao/Library/Application Support/typora-user-images/image-20210603215038469.png" alt="image-20210603215038469" style="zoom:50%;" /></p>
<ul>
<li><h4 id=‘先行控制方式重叠对组成的要求‘>先行控制方式;重叠对组成的要求</h4>
</li>

</ul>
<p><img src="/Users/georgegao/Library/Application Support/typora-user-images/image-20210603215105650.png" alt="image-20210603215105650" style="zoom:50%;" /></p>
<p><img src="/Users/georgegao/Library/Application Support/typora-user-images/image-20210603215218496.png" alt="image-20210603215218496" style="zoom:50%;" /></p>
<p><img src="/Users/georgegao/Library/Application Support/typora-user-images/image-20210603215234098.png" alt="image-20210603215234098" style="zoom:50%;" /></p>
<ul>
<li><h4 id=‘重叠相关的两种解决方案并就其原因用系统设计原理作出解释‘>重叠相关的两种解决方案并就其原因用系统设计原理作出解释</h4>
</li>

</ul>
<p><img src="/Users/georgegao/Library/Application Support/typora-user-images/image-20210603215259820.png" alt="image-20210603215259820" style="zoom:50%;" /></p>
<p><img src="/Users/georgegao/Library/Application Support/typora-user-images/image-20210603215335116.png" alt="image-20210603215335116" style="zoom:50%;" /></p>
<p><img src="/Users/georgegao/Library/Application Support/typora-user-images/image-20210603215351620.png" alt="image-20210603215351620" style="zoom:50%;" /></p>
<p><img src="/Users/georgegao/Library/Application Support/typora-user-images/image-20210603215413711.png" alt="image-20210603215413711" style="zoom:50%;" /></p>
<p><img src="/Users/georgegao/Library/Application Support/typora-user-images/image-20210603215450465.png" alt="image-20210603215450465" style="zoom:50%;" /></p>
<p><img src="/Users/georgegao/Library/Application Support/typora-user-images/image-20210603215317316.png" referrerpolicy="no-referrer" alt="image-20210603215317316"></p>
<h3 id=‘三)解答-2‘>(三)解答:</h3>
<ul>
<li><h4 id=‘流水线性能分析‘>流水线性能分析</h4>
</li>

</ul>
<p><img src="/Users/georgegao/Library/Application Support/typora-user-images/image-20210603215528713.png" alt="image-20210603215528713" style="zoom:50%;" /></p>
<p><img src="/Users/georgegao/Library/Application Support/typora-user-images/image-20210603215552449.png" alt="image-20210603215552449" style="zoom:50%;" /></p>
<p><img src="/Users/georgegao/Library/Application Support/typora-user-images/image-20210603215610060.png" alt="image-20210603215610060" style="zoom:50%;" /></p>
<p><img src="/Users/georgegao/Library/Application Support/typora-user-images/image-20210603215624602.png" alt="image-20210603215624602" style="zoom:50%;" /></p>
<p>例:</p>
<p><img src="/Users/georgegao/Library/Application Support/typora-user-images/image-20210603220807507.png" alt="image-20210603220807507" style="zoom:50%;" /></p>
<p><img src="/Users/georgegao/Library/Application Support/typora-user-images/image-20210604000300260.png" alt="image-20210604000300260" style="zoom:50%;" /></p>
<p><img src="/Users/georgegao/Library/Application Support/typora-user-images/image-20210604000320156.png" alt="image-20210604000320156" style="zoom:50%;" /></p>
<p><img src="/Users/georgegao/Library/Application Support/typora-user-images/image-20210603235710787.png" alt="image-20210603235710787" style="zoom:50%;" /></p>
<p><img src="/Users/georgegao/Library/Application Support/typora-user-images/image-20210603235830035.png" alt="image-20210603235830035" style="zoom:50%;" /></p>
<p> <img src="/Users/georgegao/Library/Application Support/typora-user-images/image-20210603235935262.png" alt="image-20210603235935262" style="zoom:50%;" /></p>
<h2 id=‘第四章向量处理机‘>第四章:向量处理机</h2>
<blockquote><p>向量流水线的处理方式(选择、填空);向量处理机并行操作条件(选择、填空)及采用链接技术的条件(选择);阵列处理机的定义(选择);构成(选择);IlliacIV 阵列处理机结构特点(选择、填空);互连网络的设计目标(选择、简答);应抉择的几个问题(选择、填空);操作方式(选择、填空);单级互连网络及其函数(计算、选择);多级互连网络的几个关键技术(选择、填空);交换开关分类、控制方式(选择、填空);STARAN 交换网络的交换函数和互连函数、控制信号(计算、分析)</p>
</blockquote>
<h3 id=‘一)选填-4‘>(一)选填:</h3>
<ul>
<li><h4 id=‘向量流水线的处理方式‘>向量流水线的处理方式</h4>
</li>

</ul>
<p><img src="/Users/georgegao/Library/Application Support/typora-user-images/image-20210604002740957.png" alt="image-20210604002740957" style="zoom:50%;" /></p>
<p><img src="/Users/georgegao/Library/Application Support/typora-user-images/image-20210604002822807.png" alt="image-20210604002822807" style="zoom:50%;" /></p>
<p><img src="/Users/georgegao/Library/Application Support/typora-user-images/image-20210604002839790.png" alt="image-20210604002839790" style="zoom:50%;" /></p>
<p>例:向量的处理方式可以采用( )。</p>
<blockquote><p>向量横向处理
向量纵向处理
向量分组纵横处理
以上都对(√)</p>
</blockquote>
<ul>
<li><h4 id=‘向量处理机并行操作条件及采用链接技术的条件‘>向量处理机并行操作条件及采用链接技术的条件</h4>
</li>

</ul>
<p><img src="/Users/georgegao/Library/Application Support/typora-user-images/image-20210604003645557.png" alt="image-20210604003645557" style="zoom:50%;" /></p>
<p><img src="/Users/georgegao/Library/Application Support/typora-user-images/image-20210604003621990.png" alt="image-20210604003621990" style="zoom:50%;" /></p>
<p><img src="/Users/georgegao/Library/Application Support/typora-user-images/image-20210604003715046.png" alt="image-20210604003715046" style="zoom:50%;" /></p>
<p>例:以下两条向量可以采用( )操作加快向量的执行。</p>
<blockquote><p>V0&lt;- 存储器</p>
<p>V1&lt;- 1/V0</p>
</blockquote>
<blockquote><p>顺序(X)
并行(X)
链接(√)</p>
</blockquote>
<p>例:由于向量内部各元素(分量)很少相关,且一般又是执行同一种操作,容易发挥流水线的效率。</p>
<blockquote><p>正确</p>
</blockquote>
<p>例:以下两条向量指令可以并行。</p>
<blockquote><p>V4 &lt;- V1 * V2</p>
<p>V6 &lt;- V3 * V5</p>
</blockquote>
<blockquote><p>错误</p>
</blockquote>
<p>例:以下两条向量指令可以并行。</p>
<blockquote><p>V4 &lt;- V1 + V2</p>
<p>V5 &lt;- V1 ^ V3</p>
</blockquote>
<blockquote><p>错误</p>
</blockquote>
<ul>
<li><h4 id=‘阵列处理机的定义构成‘>阵列处理机的定义、构成</h4>
</li>

</ul>
<p><img src="/Users/georgegao/Library/Application Support/typora-user-images/image-20210604003830299.png" alt="image-20210604003830299" style="zoom:50%;" /></p>
<p><img src="/Users/georgegao/Library/Application Support/typora-user-images/image-20210604003852659.png" alt="image-20210604003852659" style="zoom:67%;" /></p>
<p><img src="/Users/georgegao/Library/Application Support/typora-user-images/image-20210604003915920.png" alt="image-20210604003915920" style="zoom:50%;" /></p>
<p><img src="/Users/georgegao/Library/Application Support/typora-user-images/image-20210604004029205.png" alt="image-20210604004029205" style="zoom:50%;" /></p>
<p><img src="/Users/georgegao/Library/Application Support/typora-user-images/image-20210604004040948.png" alt="image-20210604004040948" style="zoom:50%;" /></p>
<p>例:关于阵列处理机说法不正确的是 ( )。</p>
<blockquote><p>阵列机并行性的开发途径是资源重复。
阵列机是专用机。
阵列机的设计与并行算法没多大关系。(√)
同一时刻,阵列机中参与运算的处理单元执行相同操作。</p>
</blockquote>
<p>例:关于具有分布式存储器阵列处理机的互连网络说法不正确的是( )。</p>
<blockquote><p>PE之间的数据交换通过互连网络实现。
互连网络的通路选择由控制部件统一控制。
互连网络可以实现PE之间、PE和存储体之间数据的交换(√)</p>
</blockquote>
<p>例:具有集中共享存储器的阵列处理机,处理单元个数要求小于存储体个数。</p>
<blockquote><p>正确</p>
</blockquote>
<p>例:具有集中共享存储器的阵列处理机可能发生存储体访问冲突。</p>
<blockquote><p>正确</p>
</blockquote>
<ul>
<li><h4 id=‘illiaciv-阵列处理机结构特点‘>IlliacIV 阵列处理机结构特点</h4>
</li>

</ul>
<p><img src="/Users/georgegao/Library/Application Support/typora-user-images/image-20210604004254891.png" alt="image-20210604004254891" style="zoom: 67%;" /></p>
<p><img src="/Users/georgegao/Library/Application Support/typora-user-images/image-20210604004336622.png" alt="image-20210604004336622" style="zoom: 67%;" /></p>
<p><img src="/Users/georgegao/Library/Application Support/typora-user-images/image-20210604004328927.png" alt="image-20210604004328927" style="zoom: 67%;" /></p>
<p>例:关于ILLIAC IV处理单元阵列结构说法正确的是( )。</p>
<blockquote><p>在64个处理单元组成的阵列中,任意处理单元之间距离都是1.
在运算中,阵列中的任何一个处理单元都参与操作。
阵列结构属于网状结构。
在64个处理单元组成的阵列中,单元i和(i+8) mod 64 的单元相邻(√)</p>
</blockquote>
<ul>
<li><h4 id=‘互联网络应抉择的几个问题‘>互联网络应抉择的几个问题</h4>
</li>

</ul>
<p><img src="/Users/georgegao/Library/Application Support/typora-user-images/image-20210604004619038.png" alt="image-20210604004619038" style="zoom:50%;" /></p>
<p><img src="/Users/georgegao/Library/Application Support/typora-user-images/image-20210604004650867.png" alt="image-20210604004650867" style="zoom: 67%;" /></p>
<p><img src="/Users/georgegao/Library/Application Support/typora-user-images/image-20210604004713046.png" alt="image-20210604004713046" style="zoom:67%;" /></p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<ul>
<li><h4 id=‘操作方式‘>操作方式</h4>
</li>

</ul>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<ul>
<li><h4 id=‘多级互连网络的几个关键技术交换开关分类控制方式‘>多级互连网络的几个关键技术、交换开关分类、控制方式</h4>
</li>

</ul>
<p><img src="/Users/georgegao/Library/Application Support/typora-user-images/image-20210604005232254.png" alt="image-20210604005232254" style="zoom:67%;" /></p>
<p><img src="/Users/georgegao/Library/Application Support/typora-user-images/image-20210604005251738.png" alt="image-20210604005251738" style="zoom:67%;" /></p>
<p><img src="/Users/georgegao/Library/Application Support/typora-user-images/image-20210604005311164.png" referrerpolicy="no-referrer" alt="image-20210604005311164"></p>
<p><img src="/Users/georgegao/Library/Application Support/typora-user-images/image-20210604005342009.png" alt="image-20210604005342009" style="zoom:67%;" /></p>
<h3 id=‘二)简答-4‘>(二)简答:</h3>
<ul>
<li><h4 id=‘互连网络的设计目标‘>互连网络的设计目标</h4>
</li>

</ul>
<p><img src="/Users/georgegao/Library/Application Support/typora-user-images/image-20210604005512166.png" alt="image-20210604005512166" style="zoom:67%;" /></p>
<h3 id=‘三)解答-3‘>(三)解答:</h3>
<ul>
<li><h4 id=‘单级互连网络及其函数‘>单级互连网络及其函数</h4>
</li>

</ul>
<p><img src="/Users/georgegao/Library/Application Support/typora-user-images/image-20210604004943119.png" alt="image-20210604004943119" style="zoom:67%;" /></p>
<p><img src="/Users/georgegao/Library/Application Support/typora-user-images/image-20210604005001261.png" alt="image-20210604005001261" style="zoom:67%;" /></p>
<p><img src="/Users/georgegao/Library/Application Support/typora-user-images/image-20210604004924367.png" alt="image-20210604004924367" style="zoom:50%;" /></p>
<p><img src="/Users/georgegao/Library/Application Support/typora-user-images/image-20210604005026899.png" alt="image-20210604005026899" style="zoom:67%;" /></p>
<p><img src="/Users/georgegao/Library/Application Support/typora-user-images/image-20210604005037503.png" alt="image-20210604005037503" style="zoom:67%;" /></p>
<p><img src="/Users/georgegao/Library/Application Support/typora-user-images/image-20210604005043637.png" alt="image-20210604005043637" style="zoom:67%;" /></p>
<p><img src="/Users/georgegao/Library/Application Support/typora-user-images/image-20210604005111011.png" alt="image-20210604005111011" style="zoom:67%;" /></p>
<p><img src="/Users/georgegao/Library/Application Support/typora-user-images/image-20210604005120358.png" alt="image-20210604005120358" style="zoom:67%;" /></p>
<p><img src="/Users/georgegao/Library/Application Support/typora-user-images/image-20210604005132549.png" alt="image-20210604005132549" style="zoom:67%;" /></p>
<p><img src="/Users/georgegao/Library/Application Support/typora-user-images/image-20210604005143659.png" alt="image-20210604005143659" style="zoom:67%;" /></p>
<p><img src="/Users/georgegao/Library/Application Support/typora-user-images/image-20210604005156360.png" referrerpolicy="no-referrer" alt="image-20210604005156360"></p>
<p>例:16个处理单元采用Shuffle互连函数实现单级网络互连,那么10号处理机和( ) 号处理机互连。</p>
<blockquote><p>11
5(√)
9
10</p>
</blockquote>
<p>例:阵列共8个处理单元采用单级互连网络互连,可以实现(0,4)、(1,5),(2,6)、(3,7)配对互连的互连函数是( )。</p>
<blockquote><p>Cube0
PM+2(√)
Shuffle
PM-0</p>
</blockquote>
<p>例:单纯的全混互连网络能实现二进制编号为全“0”和全“1”处理单元和其他处理机互连,增加Cube0函数组成全混交换网络没必要。</p>
<blockquote><p>错误</p>
</blockquote>
<p>例:在单级立方体互连网络中,采用Cube1函数只能实现处理单元两两互连。</p>
<blockquote><p>正确</p>
</blockquote>
<p>例:16个处理机采用单级立方体互连网络互连。5号处理机采用Cube1互连函数和 ()号处理机相连。</p>
<blockquote><p>7</p>
</blockquote>
<p>例:对于部分级控制,第1级的所有开关可以采用()个信号控制。</p>
<blockquote><p>2</p>
</blockquote>
<ul>
<li><h4 id=‘staran-交换网络的交换函数和互连函数控制信号‘>STARAN 交换网络的交换函数和互连函数、控制信号</h4>
</li>

</ul>
<p><img src="/Users/georgegao/Library/Application Support/typora-user-images/image-20210604005544096.png" alt="image-20210604005544096" style="zoom:67%;" /></p>
<p><img src="/Users/georgegao/Library/Application Support/typora-user-images/image-20210604005551771.png" alt="image-20210604005551771" style="zoom:67%;" /></p>
<p><img src="/Users/georgegao/Library/Application Support/typora-user-images/image-20210604005617250.png" alt="image-20210604005617250" style="zoom:67%;" /></p>
<p><img src="/Users/georgegao/Library/Application Support/typora-user-images/image-20210604005627745.png" alt="image-20210604005627745" style="zoom:67%;" /></p>
<p><img src="/Users/georgegao/Library/Application Support/typora-user-images/image-20210604005649690.png" alt="image-20210604005649690" style="zoom:67%;" /></p>
<p>例:STARAN交换网络采用的控制方式是( )。</p>
<blockquote><p>级控制(√)
部分级控制
单元控制</p>
</blockquote>
<p>例:多级混洗互连网络采用的控制方式是( )。</p>
<blockquote><p>级控制
单元控制(√)
部分级控制
以上都可以</p>
</blockquote>
<p>例:STARAN移数网络采用的控制方式是( )。</p>
<blockquote><p>级控制
部分级控制(√)
单元控制
以上都可以</p>
</blockquote>
<p>例:8个处理单元可以通过()级多级立方体互连网络实现互连。</p>
<blockquote><p>3</p>
</blockquote>
<h2 id=‘第五章多处理机‘>第五章:多处理机</h2>
<blockquote><p>多处理机耦合度(填空);多处理机定义以及硬件结构;机间互连形式及采用算法(选择、填空);多处理机的存储器组织中两种编址方式及其适应场合(简答、选择);多处理机的 cache 一致性问题(选择、填空);表达式的树形流程图(会画图并计算);程序并行性分析(选择、填空);FORK、JOIN 语句(选择);多处理机上并行执行的程序及时间资源图(设计程序并画图);多处理机的操作系统分类(选择、填空)</p>
</blockquote>
<h3 id=‘一)选填-5‘>(一)选填:</h3>
<ul>
<li><h4 id=‘多处理机耦合度‘>多处理机耦合度</h4>
</li>

</ul>
<p><img src="/Users/georgegao/Library/Application Support/typora-user-images/image-20210603203548185.png" alt="image-20210603203548185" style="zoom:50%;" /></p>
<p><img src="/Users/georgegao/Library/Application Support/typora-user-images/image-20210603203602314.png" alt="image-20210603203602314" style="zoom:50%;" /></p>
<p><img src="/Users/georgegao/Library/Application Support/typora-user-images/image-20210603203618237.png" alt="image-20210603203618237" style="zoom:50%;" /></p>
<p>例:关于多处理机说法不正确的是( )。</p>
<blockquote><p>按Flynn分类,多处理机属于MIMD结构。
可以实现任务级并行。
多处理机在同一个控制器控制下并行。(√)
多处理机在统一操作系统控制下,实现指令、作业、任务级并行</p>
</blockquote>
<p>例:紧耦合多处理机通过共享主存实现处理机间通信。</p>
<blockquote><p>正确</p>
</blockquote>
<p>例:在紧耦合多处理机中,为了减少访存冲突,主存采用多体交叉存取。</p>
<blockquote><p>正确</p>
</blockquote>
<ul>
<li><h4 id=‘多处理机定义以及硬件结构‘>多处理机定义以及硬件结构</h4>
</li>

</ul>
<p><img src="/Users/georgegao/Library/Application Support/typora-user-images/image-20210603203424958.png" alt="image-20210603203424958" style="zoom:50%;" /></p>
<p><img src="/Users/georgegao/Library/Application Support/typora-user-images/image-20210603203445686.png" alt="image-20210603203445686" style="zoom:50%;" /></p>
<p>例:多处理机系统和多计算机系统的区别在于( )。</p>
<blockquote><p>是否可以实现任务级并行。
是否可以实现作业级并行。
是否有一个统一的操作系统管理。(√)</p>
</blockquote>
<p><img src="/Users/georgegao/Library/Application Support/typora-user-images/image-20210603203718820.png" alt="image-20210603203718820" style="zoom:50%;" /></p>
<p><img src="/Users/georgegao/Library/Application Support/typora-user-images/image-20210603203819415.png" alt="image-20210603203819415" style="zoom: 67%;" /></p>
<p><img src="/Users/georgegao/Library/Application Support/typora-user-images/image-20210603203911256.png" alt="image-20210603203911256" style="zoom:50%;" /></p>
<p><img src="/Users/georgegao/Library/Application Support/typora-user-images/image-20210603203929265.png" alt="image-20210603203929265" style="zoom: 67%;" /></p>
<p><img src="/Users/georgegao/Library/Application Support/typora-user-images/image-20210603203944270.png" alt="image-20210603203944270" style="zoom:67%;" /></p>
<p><img src="/Users/georgegao/Library/Application Support/typora-user-images/image-20210603204007643.png" alt="image-20210603204007643" style="zoom:50%;" /></p>
<ul>
<li><h4 id=‘机间互连形式及采用算法‘>机间互连形式及采用算法:</h4>
</li>

</ul>
<p><img src="/Users/georgegao/Library/Application Support/typora-user-images/image-20210603204053852.png" alt="image-20210603204053852" style="zoom:50%;" /></p>
<p><img src="/Users/georgegao/Library/Application Support/typora-user-images/image-20210603204416994.png" alt="image-20210603204416994" style="zoom:50%;" /></p>
<p><img src="/Users/georgegao/Library/Application Support/typora-user-images/image-20210603204435194.png" alt="image-20210603204435194" style="zoom:50%;" /></p>
<p><img src="/Users/georgegao/Library/Application Support/typora-user-images/image-20210603204503938.png" alt="image-20210603204503938" style="zoom:50%;" /></p>
<p><img src="/Users/georgegao/Library/Application Support/typora-user-images/image-20210603204541759.png" alt="image-20210603204541759" style="zoom:50%;" /></p>
<p><img src="/Users/georgegao/Library/Application Support/typora-user-images/image-20210603204615609.png" alt="image-20210603204615609" style="zoom:50%;" /></p>
<p><img src="/Users/georgegao/Library/Application Support/typora-user-images/image-20210603204642460.png" alt="image-20210603204642460" style="zoom:50%;" /></p>
<p><img src="/Users/georgegao/Library/Application Support/typora-user-images/image-20210603204707246.png" alt="image-20210603204707246" style="zoom:50%;" /></p>
<p><img src="/Users/georgegao/Library/Application Support/typora-user-images/image-20210603204728989.png" alt="image-20210603204728989" style="zoom:50%;" /></p>
<p><img src="/Users/georgegao/Library/Application Support/typora-user-images/image-20210603204743230.png" alt="image-20210603204743230" style="zoom:50%;" /></p>
<p><img src="/Users/georgegao/Library/Application Support/typora-user-images/image-20210603204822885.png" alt="image-20210603204822885" style="zoom:50%;" /></p>
<p>例:多处理机的互连形式不包括( )。</p>
<blockquote><p>总线形式
立方体网络(√)
交叉开关
开关枢纽结构</p>
</blockquote>
<ul>
<li><h4 id=‘多处理机的-cache-一致性问题‘>多处理机的 cache 一致性问题</h4>
</li>

</ul>
<p><img src="/Users/georgegao/Library/Application Support/typora-user-images/image-20210603205404736.png" alt="image-20210603205404736" style="zoom:50%;" /></p>
<p><img src="/Users/georgegao/Library/Application Support/typora-user-images/image-20210603205431868.png" alt="image-20210603205431868" style="zoom:50%;" /></p>
<p><img src="/Users/georgegao/Library/Application Support/typora-user-images/image-20210603205446859.png" alt="image-20210603205446859" style="zoom:50%;" /></p>
<p><img src="/Users/georgegao/Library/Application Support/typora-user-images/image-20210603205508120.png" alt="image-20210603205508120" style="zoom:50%;" /></p>
<p><img src="/Users/georgegao/Library/Application Support/typora-user-images/image-20210603205521898.png" alt="image-20210603205521898" style="zoom:50%;" /></p>
<p><img src="/Users/georgegao/Library/Application Support/typora-user-images/image-20210603205613588.png" alt="image-20210603205613588" style="zoom:50%;" /></p>
<p><img src="/Users/georgegao/Library/Application Support/typora-user-images/image-20210603205559267.png" alt="image-20210603205559267" style="zoom:50%;" /></p>
<p><img src="/Users/georgegao/Library/Application Support/typora-user-images/image-20210603205633302.png" alt="image-20210603205633302" style="zoom:50%;" /></p>
<p><img src="/Users/georgegao/Library/Application Support/typora-user-images/image-20210603205645663.png" alt="image-20210603205645663" style="zoom:50%;" /></p>
<p><img src="/Users/georgegao/Library/Application Support/typora-user-images/image-20210603205701364.png" alt="image-20210603205701364" style="zoom:50%;" /></p>
<p><img src="/Users/georgegao/Library/Application Support/typora-user-images/image-20210603205712468.png" alt="image-20210603205712468" style="zoom:50%;" /></p>
<p><img src="/Users/georgegao/Library/Application Support/typora-user-images/image-20210603205732407.png" alt="image-20210603205732407" style="zoom:50%;" /></p>
<p>例:监视Cache协议法只适合多处理机采用总线式互连时。</p>
<blockquote><p>正确</p>
</blockquote>
<p>例:以硬件为基础实现多Cache一致性的方法有()法和()法。</p>
<blockquote><p>监视Cache协议、目录表</p>
</blockquote>
<ul>
<li><h4 id=‘程序并行性分析‘>程序并行性分析</h4>
</li>

</ul>
<p><img src="/Users/georgegao/Library/Application Support/typora-user-images/image-20210603210039566.png" alt="image-20210603210039566" style="zoom:50%;" /></p>
<p><img src="/Users/georgegao/Library/Application Support/typora-user-images/image-20210603210052483.png" alt="image-20210603210052483" style="zoom:50%;" /></p>
<p><img src="/Users/georgegao/Library/Application Support/typora-user-images/image-20210603210107228.png" alt="image-20210603210107228" style="zoom:50%;" /></p>
<p><img src="/Users/georgegao/Library/Application Support/typora-user-images/image-20210603210122086.png" alt="image-20210603210122086" style="zoom:50%;" /></p>
<p>例:关于Pi和Pj在多处理机上执行说法正确的是( )。</p>
<blockquote><p>Pi A=B*C</p>
<p>Pj B=C+D</p>
</blockquote>
<blockquote><p>不可以并行执行。
只能顺序执行,并行会出错。
可以并行执行,但是要保证读写的先后顺序。(√)
并行和顺序都可以正确执行。</p>
</blockquote>
<p>例:关于Pi和Pj在多处理机上执行说法正确的是( )。</p>
<blockquote><p>Pi A=B</p>
<p>Pj B=A</p>
</blockquote>
<blockquote><p>顺序执行。
可以交换顺序执行。
必须并行执行。(√)
顺序和并行执行都可以保证执行正确性。</p>
</blockquote>
<p>例:Pi和Pj在多处理机上执行,( )方式可行。</p>
<blockquote><p>Pi A=B+E</p>
<p>Pj A=C*D</p>
</blockquote>
<blockquote><p>可以交换顺序执行。
不可以并行执行。
可以并行执行,但是需要保证写入顺序。(√)</p>
</blockquote>
<p>例:多处理机中程序段之间的数据反相关相当于流水线中的先写后读相关。</p>
<blockquote><p>错误</p>
</blockquote>
<p>例:多处理机中程序段之间的数据相关相当于流水线中的先读后写相关。</p>
<blockquote><p>错误</p>
</blockquote>
<ul>
<li><h4 id=‘forkjoin-语句‘>FORK、JOIN 语句</h4>
</li>

</ul>
<p><img src="/Users/georgegao/Library/Application Support/typora-user-images/image-20210603210413678.png" alt="image-20210603210413678" style="zoom:50%;" /></p>
<p><img src="/Users/georgegao/Library/Application Support/typora-user-images/image-20210603210426404.png" alt="image-20210603210426404" style="zoom:50%;" /></p>
<ul>
<li><h4 id=‘多处理机的操作系统分类‘>多处理机的操作系统分类</h4>
</li>

</ul>
<p><img src="/Users/georgegao/Library/Application Support/typora-user-images/image-20210603210636126.png" alt="image-20210603210636126" style="zoom:50%;" /></p>
<p><img src="/Users/georgegao/Library/Application Support/typora-user-images/image-20210603210656014.png" alt="image-20210603210656014" style="zoom:50%;" /></p>
<p><img src="/Users/georgegao/Library/Application Support/typora-user-images/image-20210603210707585.png" alt="image-20210603210707585" style="zoom:50%;" /></p>
<p><img src="/Users/georgegao/Library/Application Support/typora-user-images/image-20210603210722863.png" alt="image-20210603210722863" style="zoom:50%;" /></p>
<p><img src="/Users/georgegao/Library/Application Support/typora-user-images/image-20210603210739635.png" alt="image-20210603210739635" style="zoom:50%;" /></p>
<h3 id=‘二)简答-5‘>(二)简答:</h3>
<ul>
<li><h4 id=‘多处理机的存储器组织中两种编址方式及其适应场合‘>多处理机的存储器组织中两种编址方式及其适应场合</h4>
</li>

</ul>
<p><img src="/Users/georgegao/Library/Application Support/typora-user-images/image-20210603205241749.png" alt="image-20210603205241749" style="zoom:50%;" /></p>
<p><img src="/Users/georgegao/Library/Application Support/typora-user-images/image-20210603205300180.png" alt="image-20210603205300180" style="zoom:50%;" /></p>
<p><img src="/Users/georgegao/Library/Application Support/typora-user-images/image-20210603205314048.png" alt="image-20210603205314048" style="zoom:50%;" /></p>
<p><img src="/Users/georgegao/Library/Application Support/typora-user-images/image-20210603205326823.png" alt="image-20210603205326823" style="zoom:50%;" /></p>
<p>例:采用低位交叉编址方式,对某一个模块来说,存储单元的物理地址是连续的。</p>
<blockquote><p>错误</p>
</blockquote>
<p>例:在高位交叉编址方式中,连续地址空间的数据会连续存放到某一个存储模块。</p>
<blockquote><p>正确</p>
</blockquote>
<h3 id=‘三)解答-4‘>(三)解答:</h3>
<ul>
<li><h4 id=‘表达式的树形流程图‘>表达式的树形流程图</h4>
</li>

</ul>
<p><img src="/Users/georgegao/Library/Application Support/typora-user-images/image-20210603205846671.png" alt="image-20210603205846671" style="zoom:50%;" /></p>
<p><img src="/Users/georgegao/Library/Application Support/typora-user-images/image-20210603205903792.png" alt="image-20210603205903792" style="zoom:50%;" /></p>
<ul>
<li><h4 id=‘多处理机上并行执行的程序及时间资源图‘>多处理机上并行执行的程序及时间资源图</h4>
</li>

</ul>
<p><img src="/Users/georgegao/Library/Application Support/typora-user-images/image-20210603211032675.png" alt="image-20210603211032675" style="zoom:50%;" /></p>
<p><img src="/Users/georgegao/Library/Application Support/typora-user-images/image-20210603211154429.png" alt="image-20210603211154429" style="zoom:50%;" /></p>
<p><img src="/Users/georgegao/Library/Application Support/typora-user-images/image-20210603211047785.png" alt="image-20210603211047785" style="zoom:50%;" /></p>
<p><img src="/Users/georgegao/Library/Application Support/typora-user-images/image-20210603211210593.png" alt="image-20210603211210593" style="zoom:50%;" /></p>
<p><img src="/Users/georgegao/Library/Application Support/typora-user-images/image-20210603211109706.png" alt="image-20210603211109706" style="zoom:50%;" /></p>
<p><img src="/Users/georgegao/Library/Application Support/typora-user-images/image-20210603211122753.png" alt="image-20210603211122753" style="zoom:50%;" /></p>
<p><img src="/Users/georgegao/Library/Application Support/typora-user-images/image-20210603211233807.png" alt="image-20210603211233807" style="zoom:50%;" /></p>
<h2 id=‘第六章数据流机‘>第六章:数据流机</h2>
<blockquote><p>控制驱动的控制流方式的特点(选择);数据驱动方式及其特点(简答、选择);数据令牌的概念(简答);数据流是一种什么样的计算模型(简答、填空);数据流计算模型分类(填空);数据流计算机的机器语言的两种表示方法(填空);两种数据流计算机结构的特点(选择、填空)。</p>
</blockquote>
<h3 id=‘一)选填-6‘>(一)选填:</h3>
<ul>
<li><h4 id=‘控制驱动的控制流方式的特点‘>控制驱动的控制流方式的特点</h4>
</li>

</ul>
<p><img src="/Users/georgegao/Library/Application Support/typora-user-images/image-20210603202019763.png" alt="image-20210603202019763" style="zoom:50%;" /></p>
<p>例:VON NEUMANN计算机在程序计数器的集中控制下顺序地执行指令。</p>
<blockquote><p>正确</p>
</blockquote>
<ul>
<li><h4 id=‘数据流计算模型分类‘>数据流计算模型分类</h4>
</li>

</ul>
<p><img src="/Users/georgegao/Library/Application Support/typora-user-images/image-20210603202512319.png" alt="image-20210603202512319" style="zoom:50%;" /></p>
<p><img src="/Users/georgegao/Library/Application Support/typora-user-images/image-20210603202746854.png" alt="image-20210603202746854" style="zoom:50%;" /></p>
<p>例:数据流计算机的驱动方式包括()驱动和()驱动两种方式。</p>
<blockquote><p>数据、需求</p>
</blockquote>
<p>例:根据数据令牌的处理方式不同,数据流计算机可以分为()数据流机和()数据流机。</p>
<blockquote><p>静态、动态</p>
</blockquote>
<ul>
<li><h4 id=‘数据流计算机的机器语言的两种表示方法‘>数据流计算机的机器语言的两种表示方法</h4>
</li>

</ul>
<p><img src="/Users/georgegao/Library/Application Support/typora-user-images/image-20210603202608875.png" alt="image-20210603202608875" style="zoom:50%;" /></p>
<p>例:数据流计算机有()和()两种表示方法。</p>
<blockquote><p>有向图、活动膜片</p>
</blockquote>
<ul>
<li><h4 id=‘两种数据流计算机结构的特点‘>两种数据流计算机结构的特点</h4>
</li>

</ul>
<p><img src="/Users/georgegao/Library/Application Support/typora-user-images/image-20210603202853466.png" alt="image-20210603202853466" style="zoom:50%;" /></p>
<p><img src="/Users/georgegao/Library/Application Support/typora-user-images/image-20210603202906141.png" alt="image-20210603202906141" style="zoom:50%;" /></p>
<h3 id=‘二)简答-6‘>(二)简答:</h3>
<ul>
<li><h4 id=‘数据驱动方式及其特点‘>数据驱动方式及其特点</h4>
</li>

</ul>
<p><img src="/Users/georgegao/Library/Application Support/typora-user-images/image-20210603202936111.png" alt="image-20210603202936111" style="zoom:50%;" /></p>
<ul>
<li><h4 id=‘数据令牌的概念‘>数据令牌的概念</h4>
</li>

</ul>
<p><img src="/Users/georgegao/Library/Application Support/typora-user-images/image-20210603202444708.png" alt="image-20210603202444708" style="zoom:50%;" /></p>
<ul>
<li><h4 id=‘数据流是一种什么样的计算模型‘>数据流是一种什么样的计算模型</h4>
</li>

</ul>
<p><img src="/Users/georgegao/Library/Application Support/typora-user-images/image-20210603202546208.png" alt="image-20210603202546208" style="zoom:50%;" /></p>
<p>例:关于数据流计算机说法错误的是( )。</p>
<blockquote><p>没有程序计数器。
有变量的概念。(√)
没有共享存储数据的概念。
数据以数据令牌方式直接在指令之间传递。</p>
</blockquote>
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原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/helttt/p/14854540.html

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