Given an unsorted integer array, find the first missing positive integer.
For example,
Given [1,2,0] return 3,
and [3,4,-1,1] return 2.
Your algorithm should run in O(n) time and uses constant space.
类似于桶排序。
每当A[i] != i+1时,即A[i]不在正确的位置上,需要交换到排序数组中他相应的位置上去。
交换A[i]与A[A[i]-1],直到无法交换。
/*********************************
* 日期:2015-01-13
* 作者:SJF0115
* 题目: 41.First Missing Positive
* 来源:https://oj.leetcode.com/problems/first-missing-positive/
* 结果:AC
* 来源:LeetCode
* 博客:
**********************************/
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
class Solution {
public:
int firstMissingPositive(int A[], int n) {
if(A == NULL || n <= 0){
return 1;
}//if
// 交换到在排序数组中应有的位置
for(int i = 0;i < n;i++){
// 交换直到不能交换
while(A[i] != i+1){
// 是否需要交换
if(A[i] <= 0 || A[i] > n || A[i] == i+1 || A[i] == A[A[i]-1]){
break;
}//if
// 交换
int tmp = A[i];
A[i] = A[tmp-1];
A[tmp-1] = tmp;
}//while
}//for
// First Missing Positive
for(int i = 0;i < n;i++){
if(A[i] != i+1){
return i+1;
}//if
}//for
return n+1;
}
};
int main(){
Solution solution;
int A[] = {1,1};
cout<<solution.firstMissingPositive(A,2)<<endl;
return 0;
}
题目的最后一行,要求O(n)实际上暗示了用hash,但是又说要contant space,就没法再开新空间来建hash。
正好这个题目中处理的是1到n的数据,提供了一个将输入的数组同时用作hash表的可能性。
于是算法就是:
class Solution {
public:
int firstMissingPositive(int A[], int n) {
if(A == NULL || n <= 0){
return 1;
}//if
int impossValue = n + 2;
//first run, turn every negetive value into an impossible positive value
//make every value in A is positive
for(int i = 0;i < n;i++){
if(A[i] <= 0){
A[i] = impossValue;
}//if
}//for
//second run, make A[] as a hash table, A[i] indicate the presence of i + 1
//the way is that, if k in [1,n] is in A[], then turn A[k -1] to negetive
for(int i = 0;i < n;i++){
int value = abs(A[i]);
if(value <= n){
A[value-1] = -abs(A[value-1]);
}//if
}//for
//third run, if A[i] is positive, from step 2, we know that i + 1 is missing.
for(int i = 0;i < n;i++){
if(A[i] > 0){
return i+1;
}//if
}//for
//all int from 1 to n is present, then return n + 1
return n+1;
}
};
[LeetCode]41.First Missing Positive
原文地址:http://blog.csdn.net/sunnyyoona/article/details/42683405