标签:
LVM逻辑卷管理(Logical Volume Manager)
什么是LVM?LVM的产生及作用
随着数据的逐渐增加,当初设计的磁盘大小已经满足不了现在的需求了,当磁盘面临着满盘时,运维人员如何解决问题?是换一个更大的磁盘,把原先的数据copy到现在更大的磁盘里面,继续撑一段时间,还是寻找其它方法?LVM的出现很好的解决了这一问题。LVM是linux环境下对磁盘分区进行管理的一种机制,是建立在硬盘和分区之上的一个逻辑层,来提高磁盘分区管理的灵活性。
物理卷physical volume (PV)
物理卷是硬盘分区,也可以是整个硬盘或已创建的Software RAID 卷。
卷组volume group (VG)
卷组是LVM 中最高抽象层,是由一个或多个物理卷所组成的存储器池。
物理块physical extent (PE)
物理卷按大小相等的“块”为单位存储,块的大小与卷组中逻辑卷块的大小相同。
逻辑块logical extent (LE)
逻辑卷按“块”为单位存储,在一卷组中的所有逻辑卷的块大小是相同的。
逻辑卷logical volume (LV)
逻辑卷相当于非LVM 系统中的分区,它在卷组上建立,是一个标准的块设备,可以在其上建立文件系统。
从一块硬盘到能使用LV文件系统的步骤:
硬盘----分区----PV----VG----LV----格式化(LV为ext文件系统)----挂载
LVM的安装
查看lvm 是否安装
[root@mage 192.168.206.143 ~ ] # rpm -qa | grep lvm lvm2-libs-2.02.111-2.el6_6.1.x86_64 lvm2-2.02.111-2.el6_6.1.x86_64
我这里是安装了,如果未安装,则安装。
[root@mage 192.168.206.143 ~ ] # yum install lvm2
创建和管理LVM
1、PV的相关操作
# fdisk /dev/sdb
WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It‘s strongly recommended to
switch off the mode (command ‘c‘) and change display units to
sectors (command ‘u‘).
Command (m for help): n
Command action
e extended
p primary partition (1-4)
p
Partition number (1-4): 1
First cylinder (1-2741, default 1):
Using default value 1
Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (1-2741, default 2741): +5G
Partition number (1-4): 2
First cylinder (655-2741, default 655):
Using default value 655
Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (655-2741, default 2741): +5G
Command (m for help): l
0 Empty 24 NEC DOS 81 Minix / old Lin bf Solaris
1 FAT12 39 Plan 9 82 Linux swap / So c1 DRDOS/sec (FAT-
2 XENIX root 3c PartitionMagic 83 Linux c4 DRDOS/sec (FAT-
3 XENIX usr 40 Venix 80286 84 OS/2 hidden C: c6 DRDOS/sec (FAT-
4 FAT16 <32M 41 PPC PReP Boot 85 Linux extended c7 Syrinx
5 Extended 42 SFS 86 NTFS volume set da Non-FS data
6 FAT16 4d QNX4.x 87 NTFS volume set db CP/M / CTOS / .
7 HPFS/NTFS 4e QNX4.x 2nd part 88 Linux plaintext de Dell Utility
8 AIX 4f QNX4.x 3rd part【8e Linux LVM】 df BootIt
9 AIX bootable 50 OnTrack DM 93 Amoeba e1 DOS access
a OS/2 Boot Manag 51 OnTrack DM6 Aux 94 Amoeba BBT e3 DOS R/O
b W95 FAT32 52 CP/M 9f BSD/OS e4 SpeedStor
c W95 FAT32 (LBA) 53 OnTrack DM6 Aux a0 IBM Thinkpad hi eb BeOS fs
e W95 FAT16 (LBA) 54 OnTrackDM6 a5 FreeBSD ee GPT
f W95 Ext‘d (LBA) 55 EZ-Drive a6 OpenBSD ef EFI (FAT-12/16/
10 OPUS 56 Golden Bow a7 NeXTSTEP f0 Linux/PA-RISC b
11 Hidden FAT12 5c Priam Edisk a8 Darwin UFS f1 SpeedStor
12 Compaq diagnost 61 SpeedStor a9 NetBSD f4 SpeedStor
14 Hidden FAT16 <3 63 GNU HURD or Sys ab Darwin boot f2 DOS secondary
16 Hidden FAT16 64 Novell Netware af HFS / HFS+ fb VMware VMFS
17 Hidden HPFS/NTF 65 Novell Netware b7 BSDI fs fc VMware VMKCORE
18 AST SmartSleep 70 DiskSecure Mult b8 BSDI swap fd Linux raid auto
1b Hidden W95 FAT3 75 PC/IX bb Boot Wizard hid fe LANstep
1c Hidden W95 FAT3 80 Old Minix be Solaris boot ff BBT
1e Hidden W95 FAT1
Command (m for help): t
Partition number (1-4): 1
Hex code (type L to list codes): 8e
Changed system type of partition 1 to 8e (Linux LVM)
Command (m for help): t
Partition number (1-4): 2
Hex code (type L to list codes): 8e
Changed system type of partition 2 to 8e (Linux LVM)
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sdb: 22.5 GB, 22548578304 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2741 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x090eed83
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdb1 1 654 5253223+ 8e Linux LVM
/dev/sdb2 655 1308 5253255 8e Linux LVM
Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
WARNING: Re-reading the partition table failed with error 16: Device or resource busy.
The kernel still uses the old table. The new table will be used at
the next reboot or after you run partprobe(8) or kpartx(8)
Syncing disks.标签:
原文地址:http://ssc4469.blog.51cto.com/6315913/1604174