题目链接:http://acm.hdu.edu.cn/showproblem.php?pid=3966
3 2 5 1 2 3 2 1 2 3 I 1 3 5 Q 2 D 1 2 2 Q 1 Q 3
7 4 8Hint1.The number of enemies may be negative. 2.Huge input, be careful.
题意:
给出每个点的初始值,和给出一些边,连成一颗树;
接着三种操作:
1、Q X:询问X这个点的值;
2、I X Y Z:在点X到点Y的路径上所有的点,都增加Z;
3、D X Y Z:在点X到点Y的路径上所有的点,都减少Z;
代码如下:
#include <cstdio>
#include <cstring>
#define MAXN 50017
#define maxn 100017
int N, M, Q;
int siz[MAXN];//siz[v]表示以v为根的子树的节点数
int dep[MAXN];//dep[v]表示v的深度(根深度为1)
int top[MAXN];//top[v]表示v所在的重链的顶端节点
int fa[MAXN];//fa[v]表示v的父亲
int son[MAXN];//son[v]表示与v在同一重链上的v的儿子节点
int w[MAXN];//w[v]表示v与其父亲节点的连边(姑且称为v的父边)在线段树中的位置
int cont;
int first[maxn], e, next[maxn], v[maxn];
int a[MAXN], add[MAXN*4], q[MAXN];
void swap_(int &x, int &y)
{
    int t;
    t = x, x = y, y = t;
}
void Add(int x, int y)
{
    v[e] = y;
    next[e] = first[x], first[x] = e++;
}
void pushdown(int cur)
{
    if(add[cur])
    {
        add[cur << 1] += add[cur];
        add[cur << 1 | 1] += add[cur];
        add[cur] = 0;
    }
}
void prepare()//剖分部分
{
    int x, rear = 0;
    q[rear++] = 1;
    fa[1] = 0;
    dep[1] = 1;//根深度为1
    memset(top,0,sizeof(top));
    for(int i = 0; i < rear; i++)
    {
        x = q[i];
        for(int j = first[x]; j != -1; j = next[j])
        {
            if(v[j] != fa[x])
            {
                fa[v[j]] = x, dep[v[j]] = dep[x] + 1;
                q[rear++] = v[j];
            }
        }
    }
    siz[0] = 0;
    for(int i = rear-1; i >= 0; i--)
    {
        x = q[i];
        siz[x] = 1, son[x] = 0;
        for(int j = first[x]; j != -1; j = next[j])
        {
            if(v[j] != fa[x])
            {
                siz[x] += siz[v[j]];
                if(siz[v[j]] > siz[son[x]])
                    son[x] = v[j];
            }
        }
    }
    cont = 0;
    for(int i = 0; i < rear; i++)
    {
        x = q[i];
        if(top[x] == 0)
        {
            for(int j = x; j != 0; j = son[j])
            {
                top[j] = x, w[j] = ++cont;
            }
        }
    }
}
void  Update(int cur, int x, int y, int s, int t, int v)//线段树部分
{
    int mid = (x+y) >> 1;
    int ls = cur << 1;
    int rs = cur << 1 | 1;
    if(x >= s && y <= t)
    {
        add[cur] += v;
        return ;
    }
    pushdown(cur);
    if(mid >= s)
        Update(ls, x, mid, s, t, v);
    if(mid < t)
        Update(rs, mid+1, y, s, t, v);
}
int query(int cur, int x, int y, int k)
{
    int mid = (x+y) >> 1;
    int ls = cur << 1;
    int rs = cur << 1 | 1;
    if(x == y)
        return add[cur];
    pushdown(cur);
    if( k <= mid)
        return query(ls, x, mid, k);
    else
        return query(rs, mid+1, y, k);
}
void Deal(int x, int y, int z)
{
    int fx = top[x], fy = top[y];
    while(fx != fy)
    {
        if(dep[fx] > dep[fy])
        {
            swap_(fx, fy);
            swap_(x, y);
        }
        Update(1, 1, N, w[fy], w[y], z);
        y = fa[fy], fy = top[y];
    }
    if(dep[x] > dep[y])
    {
        swap_(x, y);
    }
    Update(1, 1, N, w[x], w[y], z);
}
int main()
{
    int x, y, z;
    while(scanf("%d%d%d",&N,&M,&Q) != EOF)
    {
        for(int i = 1; i <= N; i++)
        {
            scanf("%d",&a[i]);
        }
        e = 0;
        memset(first,-1,sizeof(first));
        for(int i = 0; i < M; i++)
        {
            scanf("%d%d",&x,&y);
            Add(x, y);
            Add(y, x);
        }
        prepare();
        
        memset(add,0,sizeof(add));
        for(int i = 1; i <= N; i++)
        {
            Update(1, 1, N, w[i], w[i], a[i]);
        }
        char op[7];
        for(int i = 1; i <= Q; i++)
        {
            scanf("%s",op);
            if(op[0] == 'Q')
            {
                scanf("%d",&x);
                printf("%d\n",query(1, 1, N, w[x]));
            }
            else
            {
                scanf("%d%d%d",&x,&y, &z);
                if(op[0] == 'I')
                    Deal(x, y, z);
                else
                    Deal(x, y, -z);
            }
        }
    }
    return 0;
}HDU 3966 Aragorn's Story(树链剖分 模板题)
原文地址:http://blog.csdn.net/u012860063/article/details/43311773