pimpl idiom

// my_class.h
class my_class {
   //  ... all public and protected stuff goes here ...
private:
   class impl; unique_ptr<impl> pimpl; // opaque type here
};

// my_class.cpp
class my_class::impl {  // defined privately here
  // ... all private data and functions: all of these
  //     can now change without recompiling callers ...
};
my_class::my_class(): pimpl( new impl )
{
  // ... set impl values ... 
}

既能最小化编译依赖，又能接口与实现分离。