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drf Response浅析

时间:2020-10-26 11:24:30      阅读:24      评论:0      收藏:0      [点我收藏+]

标签:数据格式   support   conf   upgrade   default   json格式   for   field   use   

响应

Rsponse

   当一个请求完成后,我们一般都会返回drf中的Rsponse对象,那么该对象其中最重要的作用就是序列化。

   将需要返回给页面的数据进行JSON处理,除此之外还会对返回的页面等进行包装,它的内部其实也挺有趣儿的。

   下面是Rsponse的签名:

def __init__(self, data=None, status=None,
                 template_name=None, headers=None,
                 exception=False, content_type=None):

   参数详解:

参数描述
data 返回的数据,内部会进行序列化,需传入一个字典
status 返回的状态码,默认是200
template_name 渲染并返回的模板
headers 返回的响应头,可以组织一个字典往响应头中放入token信息等
content_type 响应的编码格式,入application/json以及text/html等

   有了这些参数,我们可以这样做:

from rest_framework.response import Response
from rest_framework.views import APIView

class Test(APIView):
    def get(self,request):
        ret_Msg = {"status":"100","message":""}  # 返回的信息
        return Response(
            data=ret_Msg,
            status=200, # 代表成功
            headers={"token":"xxxx"},
        )

   这样的话在postman中就能拿到返回的token

 技术图片

返回状态码

   drf中内置了很多状态码的常量,我们在返回状态码时可以使用它们。

# from rest_framework import status

HTTP_100_CONTINUE = 100
HTTP_101_SWITCHING_PROTOCOLS = 101
HTTP_200_OK = 200
HTTP_201_CREATED = 201
HTTP_202_ACCEPTED = 202
HTTP_203_NON_AUTHORITATIVE_INFORMATION = 203
HTTP_204_NO_CONTENT = 204
HTTP_205_RESET_CONTENT = 205
HTTP_206_PARTIAL_CONTENT = 206
HTTP_207_MULTI_STATUS = 207
HTTP_208_ALREADY_REPORTED = 208
HTTP_226_IM_USED = 226
HTTP_300_MULTIPLE_CHOICES = 300
HTTP_301_MOVED_PERMANENTLY = 301
HTTP_302_FOUND = 302
HTTP_303_SEE_OTHER = 303
HTTP_304_NOT_MODIFIED = 304
HTTP_305_USE_PROXY = 305
HTTP_306_RESERVED = 306
HTTP_307_TEMPORARY_REDIRECT = 307
HTTP_308_PERMANENT_REDIRECT = 308
HTTP_400_BAD_REQUEST = 400
HTTP_401_UNAUTHORIZED = 401
HTTP_402_PAYMENT_REQUIRED = 402
HTTP_403_FORBIDDEN = 403
HTTP_404_NOT_FOUND = 404
HTTP_405_METHOD_NOT_ALLOWED = 405
HTTP_406_NOT_ACCEPTABLE = 406
HTTP_407_PROXY_AUTHENTICATION_REQUIRED = 407
HTTP_408_REQUEST_TIMEOUT = 408
HTTP_409_CONFLICT = 409
HTTP_410_GONE = 410
HTTP_411_LENGTH_REQUIRED = 411
HTTP_412_PRECONDITION_FAILED = 412
HTTP_413_REQUEST_ENTITY_TOO_LARGE = 413
HTTP_414_REQUEST_URI_TOO_LONG = 414
HTTP_415_UNSUPPORTED_MEDIA_TYPE = 415
HTTP_416_REQUESTED_RANGE_NOT_SATISFIABLE = 416
HTTP_417_EXPECTATION_FAILED = 417
HTTP_418_IM_A_TEAPOT = 418
HTTP_422_UNPROCESSABLE_ENTITY = 422
HTTP_423_LOCKED = 423
HTTP_424_FAILED_DEPENDENCY = 424
HTTP_426_UPGRADE_REQUIRED = 426
HTTP_428_PRECONDITION_REQUIRED = 428
HTTP_429_TOO_MANY_REQUESTS = 429
HTTP_431_REQUEST_HEADER_FIELDS_TOO_LARGE = 431
HTTP_451_UNAVAILABLE_FOR_LEGAL_REASONS = 451
HTTP_500_INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR = 500
HTTP_501_NOT_IMPLEMENTED = 501
HTTP_502_BAD_GATEWAY = 502
HTTP_503_SERVICE_UNAVAILABLE = 503
HTTP_504_GATEWAY_TIMEOUT = 504
HTTP_505_HTTP_VERSION_NOT_SUPPORTED = 505
HTTP_506_VARIANT_ALSO_NEGOTIATES = 506
HTTP_507_INSUFFICIENT_STORAGE = 507
HTTP_508_LOOP_DETECTED = 508
HTTP_509_BANDWIDTH_LIMIT_EXCEEDED = 509
HTTP_510_NOT_EXTENDED = 510
HTTP_511_NETWORK_AUTHENTICATION_REQUIRED = 511

配置Rsponse

   如果你在浏览器中访问该页面,可以发现它返回的其实是一个页面:

技术图片

   但是在postman中,返回的则是json格式的字符串。

{
    "status": "100",
    "message": ""
}

   原因是因为它会根据request对象中的请求头accept来自动转换对应的数据格式,如果前端请求中未进行Accept声明,则会采用默认方式处理响应数据,我们可以通过配置来修改默认响应格式。

   可以在rest_framework.settings查找所有的drf默认配置项

DEFAULTS = {

    ‘DEFAULT_RENDERER_CLASSES‘: [
        ‘rest_framework.renderers.JSONRenderer‘,   # 返回json
        ‘rest_framework.renderers.BrowsableAPIRenderer‘,  # 返回页面
    ],
    
    }

   如果我们想让浏览器访问页面时也返回JSON格式,则可以进行下面两种配置方法。

局部配置

   只指定某一个视图返回规定的数据格式:

from rest_framework.response import Response
from rest_framework.views import APIView
from rest_framework import settings
from rest_framework.renderers import JSONRenderer

class Test(APIView):
    renderer_classes=[JSONRenderer,]  # 该视图只返回JSON数据
    def get(self,request):
        ret_Msg = {"status":"100","message":""}  # 返回的信息
        return Response(
            data=ret_Msg,
            status=200, # 代表成功
            headers={"token":"xxxx"},
        )

全局配置

   由于它返回时查找顺序是先找局部,再找Django.settings.py,最后再找rest_framework.settings.py,所以我们可以再Django.settings.py下进行覆写:

DEFAULTS = {
    ‘DEFAULT_RENDERER_CLASSES‘: [
        ‘rest_framework.renderers.JSONRenderer‘,   # 所有视图均返回JSON格式数据
    ],
    }

drf Response浅析

标签:数据格式   support   conf   upgrade   default   json格式   for   field   use   

原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/Yunya-Cnblogs/p/13874273.html

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