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整理Markdown 公式编辑常用数学符号

时间:2021-01-14 10:59:58      阅读:0      评论:0      收藏:0      [点我收藏+]

标签:字体   元素   对齐   sig   间隔   display   class   箭头   函数   

样式

公式位置

行内模式式使用$...$,在文本之间插入公式;显示模式$$...$$,在单独的一行使用。

上标、下标

上标: ^,下标:_
示例: C_n^2\(C_n^2\)
前置上下标{}_1^2\!X_3^4\({}_1^2\!C_3^4\)

分组

把相同等级的表达式放到一起。
符号: {}
e^{10}显示为\(e^{10}\),而e^10则为\(e^10\)

字体样式

显示 符号 字体
\(ABCabc\) $ABCabc$ 直接写
\(\text{ABCabc}\) \text{ABCabc} 文本格式(内部可以再使用$$
\(\mathbf{ABCabc}\) \mathbf{ABCabc} 加粗
\(\boldsymbol{\alpha}\) \boldsymbol{\alpha} 加粗(其它字符)
\(\mathit{ABCabc}\) \mathit{ABCabc} 斜体
\(\pmb{ABCabc}\) \pmb{ABCabc} 粗斜体
\(\mathbb{ABCabc}\) \mathbb{ABCabc}\Bbb{ABCabc} blackboard bold font
\(\mathtt{ABCabc}\) \mathtt{ABCabc} typewriter font
\(\mathrm{ABCabc}\) \mathrm{ABCabc} roman font
\(\mathsf{ABCabc}\) \mathsf{ABCabc} sans-serif font
\(\mathcal{ABCabc}\) \mathcal{ABCabc} calligraphic letters
\(\mathscr{ABCabc}\) \mathscr{ABCabc} script letters
\(\mathfrak{ABCabc}\) \mathfrak{ABCabc} Frakur letters

字体大小

显示 符号
\(ABCabc\) ABCabc
\(\tiny ABCabc\) \tiny ABCabc
\(\small ABCabc\) \small ABCabc
\(\normalsize ABCabc\) \normalsize ABCabc
\(\large ABCabc\) \large ABCabc
\(\Large ABCabc\) \Large ABCabc
\(\huge ABCabc\) \huge ABCabc
\(\Huge ABCabc\) \Huge ABCabc

使用分组的方式来控制不同字体的大小,如ABC {\tiny ABC} {\large ABC}显示为\(ABC {\tiny ABC} {\large ABC}\)

希腊字母

小写 符号 大写 符号 小写 符号 大写 符号
\(\alpha\) \alpha \(\Alpha\) \Alpha \(\beta\) \beta \(\Beta\) \Beta
\(\gamma\) \gamma \(\Gamma\) \Gamma \(\delta\) \delta \(\Delta\) \Delta
\(\epsilon\) \epsilon \(\Epsilon\) \Epsilon \(\zeta\) \zeta \(\Zeta\) \Zeta
\(\eta\) \eta \(\Eta\) \Eta \(\theta\) \theta \(\Theta\) \Theta
\(\iota\) \iota \(\Iota\) \Iota \(\kappa\) \kappa \(\Kappa\) \Kappa
\(\lambda\) \lambda \(\Lambda\) \Lambda \(\mu\) \mu \(\Mu\) \Mu
\(\nu\) \nu \(\Nu\) \Nu \(\xi\) \xi \(\Xi\) \Xi
\(\pi\) \pi \(\Pi\) \Pi \(\rho\) \rho \(\Rho\) \Rho
\(\sigma\) \sigma \(\Sigma\) \Sigma \(\tau\) \tau \(\Tau\) \Tau
\(\upsilon\) \upsilon \(\Upsilon\) \Upsilon \(\phi\) \phi \(\Phi\) \Phi
\(\chi\) \chi \(\Chi\) \Chi \(\psi\) \psi \(\Psi\) \psi
\(\omega\) omega \(\Omega\) \Omega \(\omicron\) \omicron \(\Omicron\) \Omicron

若需要斜体希腊字母,加上前缀var。如\varDelta显示为\(\varDelta\)

算术运算

显示 符号 显示 符号 显示 符号
\(\times\) \times \(\div\) \div \(\cdot\) \cdot
\(<\) < \(>\) > \(\ll\) \ll
\(\gg\) \gg \(\lll\) \lll \(\pm\) \pm
\(\le\) \le\leq \(\ge\) \ge\geq \(\mp\) \mp
\(\leqq\) \leqq \(\geqq\) \geqq \(\neq\) \neq
\(\leqslant\) \leqslant \(\geqslant\) \geqslant \(\approx\) \approx

集合

显示 符号 显示 符号 显示 符号
\(\complement\) \complement \(\in\) \in \(\notin\) \notin
\(\subset\) \subset \(\subseteq\) \subseteq \(\subsetneq\) \subsetneq
\(\cap\) \cap \(\cup\) \cup \(\varnothing\) \varnothing
\(\emptyset\) \emptyset

逻辑运算

显示 符号 显示 符号 显示 符号
\(\land\) \land\wedge \(\lor\) \lor\vee \(\lnot\) \lnot\neg
\(\forall\) \forall \(\exists\) \exists \(\top\) \top
\(\vdash\) \vdash \(\vDash\) \vDash \(\bot\) \bot

括号

括号 符号
\((x)\) (x)
\(\{ x \}\) \{ x \}\lbrace x \rbrace
\([x]\) [x]
\(\vert x\vert\) \vert x \vert
\(\Vert x \Vert\) \Vert x \Vert
\(\langle x \rangle\) \langle x \rangle
\(\lceil x \rceil\) \lceil x \rceil
\(\lfloor x \rfloor\) \lfloor x \rfloor
\(\left(\frac xy \right)\) \left( \frac xy \right)(让括号与公式相适应)
\(\left. \frac 12 \right\}\) \left. \frac 12 \right\}
$ \left{ \frac xy \middle y \neq 0 \right}$
\(\Bigg(\bigg(\Big(\big((x) \big)\Big)\bigg)\Bigg)\) \Bigg(\bigg(\Big(\big((x) \big)\Big)\bigg)\Bigg)
\(\dbinom nr\) \dbinom nr(二项式系数)
\(\binom nr\) \binom nr或者{n \choose r}

空格

显示 命令 说明
\(a b\) a b 无视空格
\(a \qquad b\) a \qquad b
\(a \quad b\) a \quad b
\(a\ b\) a\ b
\(a\;b\) a\;b
\(a\,b\) a\,b
\(a\!b\) a\!b

求和、积分和微分

显示 符号 显示 符号
\(\sum_1^n\) \sum_1^n \(\sum_{i=0}^\infty x^2\) \sum_{i=0}^\infty x^2
\(\int\) \int \(\iint\) \iint
\(\iiint\) \iiint \(\idotsint\) \idotsint
\(\oint\) \oint \(\prod\) \prod
\(\coprod\) \coprod \(\bigcap\) \bigcap
\(\bigcup\) \bigcup \(\bigvee\) \bigvee
\(\bigwedge\) \bigwedge \(\infty\) \infty
\(\nabla\) \nabla \(\partial x\) \partial x
\(\mathrm{d}x\) \mathrm{d}x \(\dot x\) \dot x
\(\ddot y\) \ddot y

分式、根号和函数

显示 符号 说明
\(\frac 12\) \frac 12
\(\dfrac 12\) \dfrac 12 强制分式为显示模式
\(\tfrac 12\) \tfrac 12 强制分式为文本模式
\(\cfrac 12\) \cfrac 12 用于连续分式
\(\frac {x^2}{1+x}\) \frac {x^2}{1+x}
\({x^2 \over 1+x}\) {x^2 \over 1+x} 用于复杂的分式
\(\sqrt{x^3}\) \sqrt{x^3}
\(\sqrt[3]{\frac xy}\) \sqrt[3]{\frac xy}
\(\sin x\) \sin x 大部分可以使用\+ 函数名
\(\operatorname{arcsec}x\) \operatorname{arcsec}x 无标准函数名
\(\lim_{x \to 0}\) \lim_{x \to 0}
\(\varinjlim\) \varinjlim
\(\varprojlim\) \varprojlim
\(\varliminf\) \varliminf
\(\varlimsup\) \varlimsup

箭头符号

显示 符号 显示 符号
\(\Rightarrow\) \Rightarrow \(\Leftarrow\) \Leftarrow
\(a \rightarrow b\) a \rightarrow b \(a \leftarrow b\) a \leftarrow b
\(a \to b\) a \to b(常用) \(a \gets b\) a \gets b(常用)
\(a \Longrightarrow b\) a \Longrightarrow b \(a \Longleftarrow b\) a \Longleftarrow b
\(a \implies b\) a \implies b(常用) \(a \impliedby b\) a \impliedby b(常用)
\(\longrightarrow\) \longrightarrow \(\longleftarrow\) \longleftarrow
\(\Leftrightarrow\) \Leftrightarrow \(\leftrightarrow\) \leftrightarrow
$\Longleftrightarrow $ \Longleftrightarrow\iff \(\longleftrightarrow\) \longleftrightarrow
\(\xrightarrow[y>0]{x+y}\) \xrightarrow[y>0]{x+y} \(\xleftarrow{x+y}\) \xleftarrow{x+y}
\(\longmapsto\) \longmapsto \(\mapsto\) \mapsto
\(\hookleftarrow\) \hookleftarrow \(\hookrightarrow\) \hookrightarrow
\(\searrow\) \searrow \(\nearrow\) nearrow
\(\nwarrow\) \nwarrow \(\swarrow\) swarrow
\(\downarrow\) \downarrow \(\uparrow\) \uparrow
\(\upuparrows\) \upuparrows \(\updownarrow\) \updownarrow
\(\Uparrow\) \Uparrow \(\downdownarrows\) \downdownarrows
\(\Updownarrow\) \Updownarrow \(\Downarrow\) \Downarrow
\(\rightharpoonup\) \rightharpoonup \(\leftharpoonup\) \lefttharpoonup
\(\rightharpoondown\) \rightharpoonup \(\leftharpoondown\) \leftharpoondown
\(\upharpoonleft\) \upharpoonleft \(\downharpoonleft\) \downharpoonleft
\(\upharpoonright\) \upharpoonright \(\downharpoonright\) \downharpoonleft
\(\rightleftharpoons\) \rightleftharpoons \(\leftrightharpoons\) \leftrightharpoons
\(\rightrightarrows\) \rightrightarrows \(\leftleftarrows\) \leftleftarrows
\(\Rrightarrow\) \Rrightarrow \(\Lleftarrow\) \Lleftarrow
\(\rightleftarrows\) \rightleftarrows \(\leftrightarrows\) \rightleftarrows
\(\nrightarrow\) \nrightarrow \(\nleftarrow\) \nleftarrow
\(\nLeftarrow\) \nLeftarrow \(\nRightarrow\) \nRightarrow
\(\nleftrightarrow\) \nleftrightarrow \(\curvearrowleft\) \curvearrowleft
\(\circlearrowleft\) \circlearrowleft \(\curvearrowright\) \curvearrowright
\(\circlearrowright\) \circlearrowright \(\looparrowleft\) \looparrowleft
\(\rightarrowtail\) \rightarrowtail \(\looparrowright\) \looparrowright
\(\leftarrowtail\) \leftarrowtail \(\Lsh\) \Lsh
\(\twoheadleftarrow\) \twoheadleftarrow \(\Rsh\) \Rsh
\(\twoheadrightarrow\) \twoheadrightarrow \(\rightsquigarrow\) \rightsquigarrow
\(\leftrightsquigarrow\) \leftrightsquigarrow

几何和向量

显示 符号 显示 符号
\(\triangle\) \triangle \(\Diamond\) \Diamond
\(\Box\) \Box \(\odot\) \odot
\(\angle ABC\) \angle ABC \(30^\circ\) 30^\circ
\(\perp\) \perp \(\sim\) \sim
\(\cong\) \cong \(\hat{a}\) \hat{a}
\(\vec{a}\) \vec{a} \(\overrightarrow{AB}\) \overrightarrow{AB}
\(\overleftarrow{AB}\) \overleftarrow{AB} \(\overleftrightarrow{AB}\) \overleftrightarrow{AB}
\(\widehat{e f g}\) \widehat{e f g}

音调

显示 符号 显示 符号
\(\bar a\) \bar a \(\acute{a}\) \acute{a}
\(\check{a}\) \check{a} \(\grave{a}\) \grave{a}
\(\breve{a}\) \breve{a} \(\dot{a}\) \dot{a}
\(\ddot{a}\) \ddot{a} \(\dddot{a}\) \dddot{a}
\(\hat a\) \hat{a} \(\tilde{a}\) \tilde{a}

上、下划线和上、下括号

显示 符号
\(\overline{h i j}\) \overline{h i j}
\(\underline{h i j}\) \underline{h i j}
\(\underbrace{a+b+\cdots+z}_{10}\) \underbrace{a+b+\cdots+z}_{10}
\(\overbrace{a+b+\cdots+z}^{10}\) \overbrace{a+b+\cdots+z}^{10}

特殊字符

符号 显示 符号 显示 符号 显示
\(\eth\) \eth \(\S\) \S \(\P\) \P
\(\%\) \% \(\dagger\) \dagger \(\ddagger\) \ddagger
\(\star\) \star \(\ast\) \ast* \(\circ\) \circ
\(\bullet\) \bullet \(\ldots\) \ldots \(\cdots\) \cdots
\(\vdots\) \vdots \(\ddots\) \ddots \(\smile\) \smile
\(\frown\) \frown \(\wr\) \wr \(\oplus\) \oplus
\(\bigoplus\) \bigoplus \(\otimes\) \otimes \(\bigotimes\) \bigotimes
\(\bigodot\) \bigodot \(\boxtimes\) \boxtimes \(\boxplus\) \boxplus
\(\triangleleft\) \triangleleft \(\triangleright\) \triangleright \(\bot\) \bot
\(\top\) \top \(\vdash\) \vdash \(\Vdash\) \Vdash
\(\vDash\) \vDash \(\models\) \models \(\infty\) \infty
\(\imath\) \imath \(\hbar\) \hbar \(\ell\) \ell
\(\mho\) \mho \(\Finv\) \Finv \(\Re\) \Re
\(\Im\) \Im \(\wp\) \wp \(\diamondsuit\) \diamondsuit
\(\heartsuit\) \heartsuit \(\clubsuit\) \clubsuit \(\spadesuit\) \spadesuit
\(\Game\) \Game \(\flat\) \flat \(\natural\) \natural
\(\sharp\) \sharp

阵列

语法: $$\begin{array}…\end{array}$$r右对齐,l左对齐,c居中,|垂直线,\hline横线,\\换行,元素之间以&间隔。

示例:

$$
  \begin{array}{c|lcr}
    n & \text{Left} & \text{Center} & \text{Right} \    \hline
    1 & 0.24 & 1 & 125 \    2 & -1 & 189 & -8 \    3 & -20 & 2000 & 1+10i
  \end{array}
$$

\[\begin{array}{c|lcr} n & \text{Left} & \text{Center} & \text{Right} \ \hline 1 & 0.24 & 1 & 125 \ 2 & -1 & 189 & -8 \ 3 & -20 & 2000 & 1+10i \end{array} \]

矩阵

语法: $$\begin{matrix}…\end{matrix}$$,每行以\\结尾,元素之间以&间隔。

示例:

$$
  \begin{matrix}
    1 & x & x^2 \    1 & y & y^2 \    1 & z & z^2 \  \end{matrix}
$$

\[\begin{matrix} 1 & x & x^2 \ 1 & y & y^2 \ 1 & z & z^2 \ \end{matrix} \]

添加括号:

  • pmatrix\(()\)
  • bmatrix\([\ ]\)
  • Bmatrix\(\{\ \}\)
  • vmatrix\(\vert \ \vert\)
  • Vmatrix\(\Vert \ \Vert\)

添加省略号:

\begin{pmatrix}
  1 & a_1^2 & a_1^2 & \cdots & a_1^2 \  1 & a_2^2 & a_2^2 & \cdots & a_2^2 \  \vdots & \vdots & \vdots & \ddots & \vdots \  1 & a_n^2 & a_n^2 & \cdots & a_n^2 \\end{pmatrix}

\[\begin{pmatrix} 1 & a_1^2 & a_1^2 & \cdots & a_1^2 \ 1 & a_2^2 & a_2^2 & \cdots & a_2^2 \ \vdots & \vdots & \vdots & \ddots & \vdots \ 1 & a_n^2 & a_n^2 & \cdots & a_n^2 \\end{pmatrix} \]

水平增广矩阵: 使用阵列语法,

$$ 
  \left[
    \begin{array}{cc|c}
      1&2&3\      4&5&6
    \end{array}
  \right] 
$$

\[\left[ \begin{array}{cc|c} 1&2&3\ 4&5&6 \end{array} \right] \]

垂直增广矩阵:

$$
  \begin{pmatrix}
    a & b\    c & d\    \hline
    1 & 0\    0 & 1
  \end{pmatrix}
$$

\[\begin{pmatrix} a & b\ c & d\ \hline 1 & 0\ 0 & 1 \end{pmatrix} \]

在行内插入矩阵:\(\big( \begin{smallmatrix} a & b \\ c & d \end{smallmatrix} \big)\)的语法$\big( \begin{smallmatrix} a & b \\ c & d \end{smallmatrix} \big)$

等式对齐

语法: \begin{align}…\end{align},每行以\\结尾,元素之间以&间隔。

示例:

$$
  \begin{align}
    \sqrt{37} & = \sqrt{\frac{73^2-1}{12^2}} \     & = \sqrt{\frac{73^2}{12^2}\cdot\frac{73^2-1}{73^2}} \\ 
     & = \sqrt{\frac{73^2}{12^2}}\sqrt{\frac{73^2-1}{73^2}} \     & = \frac{73}{12}\sqrt{1 - \frac{1}{73^2}} \\ 
     & \approx \frac{73}{12}\left(1 - \frac{1}{2\cdot73^2}\right)
  \end{align}
$$

\[\begin{align} \sqrt{37} & = \sqrt{\frac{73^2-1}{12^2}} \ & = \sqrt{\frac{73^2}{12^2}\cdot\frac{73^2-1}{73^2}} \\ & = \sqrt{\frac{73^2}{12^2}}\sqrt{\frac{73^2-1}{73^2}} \ & = \frac{73}{12}\sqrt{1 - \frac{1}{73^2}} \\ & \approx \frac{73}{12}\left(1 - \frac{1}{2\cdot73^2}\right) \end{align} \]

分段函数

语法: \begin{cases}…\end{cases},每行以\\结尾,元素之间以&间隔。

示例:

$$
  f(n) =
    \begin{cases}
      n/2,  & \text{if $n$ is even} \      3n+1, & \text{if $n$ is odd}
    \end{cases}
$$

\[f(n) = \begin{cases} n/2, & \text{if $n$ is even} \ 3n+1, & \text{if $n$ is odd} \end{cases} \]

$$  
  \left.
    \begin{array}{l}
    \text{if $n$ is even:}&n/2\    \text{if $n$ is odd:}&3n+1
    \end{array}
  \right\}
  =f(n)
$$

\[\left. \begin{array}{l} \text{if $n$ is even:}&n/2\ \text{if $n$ is odd:}&3n+1 \end{array} \right\} =f(n) \]

编号

语法:\tag

示例:

$$ 
  y=x^2        \tag{1.5a}
$$

\[y=x^2 \tag{1.5a} \]

整理Markdown 公式编辑常用数学符号

标签:字体   元素   对齐   sig   间隔   display   class   箭头   函数   

原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/ywsun/p/14271547.html

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