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C#-foreach与yield

时间:2014-05-26 22:27:19      阅读:404      评论:0      收藏:0      [点我收藏+]

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(转自:http://www.jb51.net/article/34627.htm)

1. foreach语句

C#编译器会把foreach语句转换为IEnumerable接口的方法和属性。

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foreach (Person p in persons)
{
    Console.WriteLine(p);
}

foreach语句会解析为下面的代码段。

 

?调用GetEnumerator()方法,获得数组的一个枚举
?在while循环中,只要MoveNext()返回true,就一直循环下去
?用Current属性访问数组中的元素

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IEnumerator enumerator = persons. GetEnumerator();
while (enumerator.MoveNext())
{
    Person p = (Person) enumerator.Current;
    Console.WriteLine(p);
}

2. yield语句

 

?yield语句的两种形式: 

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yield return <expression>;
yield break;

  

?使用一个yield return语句返回集合的一个元素
?包含yield语句的方法或属性是迭代器。迭代器必须满足以下要求
a. 返回类型必须是IEnumerable、IEnumerable<T>、IEnumerator或 IEnumerator<T>。

b. 它不能有任何ref或out参数

?yield return语句不能位于try-catch快。yield return语句可以位于try-finally的try块

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try
  {
    // ERROR: Cannot yield a value in the boday of a try block with a catch clause
    yield return "test";
  }
catch
  { }<br>try
  {
    //
    yield return "test again";
  }
finally
  { }
 
try
  { }
finally
  {
    // ERROR: Cannot yield in the body of a finally clause
    yield return "";
  }

yield break语句可以位于try块或catch块,但是不能位于finally块

下面的例子是用yield return语句实现一个简单集合的代码,以及用foreach语句迭代集合

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using System;
 
 using System.Collections.Generic;
 
 namespace ConsoleApplication6
 {
     class Program
     {
         static void Main(string[] args)
         {
             HelloCollection helloCollection = new HelloCollection();
             foreach (string s in helloCollection)
             {
                 Console.WriteLine(s);
                 Console.ReadLine();
             }
         }
     }
 
     public class HelloCollection
     {
 
         public IEnumerator<String> GetEnumerator()
         {
             // yield return语句返回集合的一个元素,并移动到下一个元素上;yield break可以停止迭代
             yield return "Hello";
             yield return "World";
         }
     }
 }

  

使用yield return语句实现以不同方式迭代集合的类:

 

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using System;
 
 using System.Collections.Generic;
 
 namespace ConsoleApplication8
 {
     class Program
     {
         static void Main(string[] args)
         {
             MusicTitles titles = new MusicTitles();
             foreach (string title in titles)
             {
                 Console.WriteLine(title);
             }
             Console.WriteLine();
 
             foreach (string title in titles.Reverse())
             {
                 Console.WriteLine(title);
             }
             Console.WriteLine();
 
             foreach (string title in titles.Subset(2, 2))
             {
                 Console.WriteLine(title);
                 Console.ReadLine();
             }
         }
     }
 
     public class MusicTitles
     {
         string[] names = { "a", "b", "c", "d" };
         public IEnumerator<string> GetEnumerator()
         {
             for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++)
             {
                 yield return names[i];
             }
         }
 
         public IEnumerable<string> Reverse()
         {
             for (int i = 3; i >= 0; i--)
             {
                 yield return names[i];
             }
         }
 
         public IEnumerable<string> Subset(int index, int length)
         {
             for (int i = index; i < index + length; i++)
             {
                 yield return names[i];
             }
         }
     }
 }

  

 

输出:

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C#-foreach与yield

标签:style   c   class   blog   code   http   

原文地址:http://www.cnblogs.com/FindSelf/p/3745271.html

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